ʻO Medlar kahi kumulāʻau i mau ʻāpala a decidulat paha mai ka ʻohana Pink. No nā subfamily Yablonevye a loaʻa nō hoʻi ma lalo o nā inoa lokva, sheses a me eriobotria. Noho nā mea kanu ma nā wahi subtropical ma ke kūkulu hema a me hema o Asia (mai Iapana a hiki i Abkhazia). I loko o ka'āina, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau o medlar. Mahalo nui ʻia lākou no ko lākou ʻono a me nā mea hōʻola. Akā ma nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻike ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kēia mea kanu, no ka mea ʻaʻole kūpono nā hua. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole paʻakikī i ka ulu nui medlar i ka māla a hiki i ka home.
Hōʻike Botanical
He lāʻau mau makahiki ka Medlar a i ʻole ka nahele nui o 4-8 m kiʻekiʻe.hila ʻoi loa ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki i nā makahiki 7 he 7. Ua hiki aku ke ola i ka makahiki he 50 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ʻia ke kumu lahilahi, aia ma kahi kokoke i ka lepo. Ua uhi ʻia nā lālā i kahi palonaʻeleʻele maikaʻi, aneane ʻeleʻele, ʻili. Loaʻa i nā ʻōpio'ōmaʻomaʻo kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula a manaʻo ʻia ka pubescence.
ʻO nā lau nui nui o kahi ʻano elongated a oval paha he pubescent a i ʻole glabrous. He paʻakikī a paʻakikī ka pale ʻili. Mawaena o nā ʻūlū manuʻu e ʻoki ʻia, ʻūmū. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pā e hiki i 30 cm, a he 8 cm ka laulā.ʻO nā lau he pena ka ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻōuli.
Hoʻomaka ka pua ma ka pūnāwai (ʻApelila-Mei) a hāʻule paha (ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa). I nā huaheʻe o nā lau o ʻōpio a i ʻole hope aku makahiki, ulu nā panicle mānoʻula me ka ʻaila a me nā pua keʻokeʻo 1-2 cm paha ka laulā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia corolla nā pālule manuahi he 5, 2-3 ovaries a he 40 mau stamens. Hoʻokuʻu nā pua i ka mea momona maikaʻi me nā hōʻailona ʻalemona.
ʻO kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ua ʻai nā hua ʻiʻo o kahi oval, nā ʻāpana a i ʻāwili paha i ka ʻā. ʻO kā lākou anana ma kahi o 6-8 cm. Ma ke kikowaena he 1-5 nā hua nui he nui me ka ʻili lahilahi. Aia nā pona i ka melemele a i ka paupa paha wai. Kēia hua ka medlar berry. He wahi momona a me nā ʻono ia a ma ka manawa like me ke ʻano nui o ka mania, ka palahala a me ka ʻōpala. Kūpono ka pala o ka hua, no laila ua ʻai pinepine ʻia, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia a ʻaʻole e lawe ʻia mai.
Nā ʻano o Medlar
ʻO nā ʻohana medlar maʻalahi loa he 3 mau ʻano. ʻO kēia, 2 ua hoʻohana i nā māla.
ʻĀpana Medlar. ʻO ke kumulāʻau i ke ʻano o kahi kumulāʻau a hiki i 8 m ke kiʻekiʻe ke kīhā na lālā iki a puni me nā ʻili loloa. Kūpono ka hua o ka oval a he 25 cm lōʻihi a he 7-8 cm ākea paha ma kahi papala parani. Ke ulu nui nā lau ma nā petioles liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopuka nā paniculate inflorescences i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa i nā kihi o nā wana. ʻO ka meli a i ka melemele a me ka pua melemele paha me ka lōʻihi o 1-2 cm. ʻAʻole nā ʻae a ka thermophilic i ka ʻino. I ka hopena o ka pūnāwai, ua ʻala nā hua o kahi ʻano i ulaula a i ʻole nā ʻano peʻe. Aia lākou ma nā pūpū a hiki i ka ʻāpana 12. Loaʻa i nā hua waina he ʻiʻo, ʻala a me ka ʻulaʻula aniani. Nā ʻano:
- Tanaka - nā hua melemele-ʻoni a me nā ʻiʻo pinkish a me nā momona momona a me nā momona momona.
- Champagne - nā hua melemele me ka pailima fleecy a penikala maʻemaʻe;
- Nā huaʻōlelo - nā hua like apricot e kaupaona ana a hiki i 80 g;
- Palapala - ka mea like no ka home a me ke kōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻonohonoho i nā hua nui ʻulaʻula ulaula me ka ʻole o ka astringency.
Kelemānia KelemāniaKairo a i ʻole ka Crimean. Hiki i nā lāʻau ulu i nā tropic ke ulu i 8 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona kūpaʻa, maikaʻi loa nā pua e uhi ʻia me nā ʻulaʻula o ka oval he 8-15 cm ka lōʻihi a he 3-4 cm ka laulā. I ka Mei, ua pua ka pua keʻokeʻo. Hoʻalaʻa nā hua i ka hāʻule. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano hāmeʻe a me kahi kala kala-ʻulaʻula. I loko kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hua liʻiliʻi. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, ʻo ka pulp i ka tart, hoʻōla a paʻakikī, a laila maloʻo a ʻala. He ʻano anu ka hoʻoilo a kūpono hoʻi no ka ʻāina ākea i ke aniani hiki.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
Hiki i nā Medlar ke ulu i ʻelua mau ala:
- mai ka iwi;
- ʻōpiopio.
I nā wahi hema, e kanu koke ana ka mea kanu i ka ʻāina ākea, inā ʻaʻole e ulu mua nā mea kanu. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohiki i nā huaʻai mai ka hua, no ka mea maloʻo maloʻo maloʻo kā lākou ulu. Pono lākou e hoʻopōʻino ʻia a laila hoʻoinu i nā lā 2-3 no nā wai mahana. Ma hope o kēlā, ua māhele ʻia lākou i nā pahu o ka ʻoka ʻūhā a i ʻole ka mana māka. I nā wiki 2, ua kau ʻia ka ipu i loko o ka friji, a hoʻi hou i ka lumi mahana no ka manawa like. Hōʻike hou ʻia kahi koho no ʻekolu mahina. A laila kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā pā wai me ka lepo lepo wai i ka hohonu o 3 cm. Ao ʻole kēlā ʻano hoʻomākaukau, hiki ke ulu a hiki i ka makahiki.
Hōʻike nā pana ma hope o nā lā 30-40 lā. Kūkulu nā mea kanu me nā lau 3-4, kanu i ke aʻa. Hoʻokahi koke nā hua lāʻau medlar a ʻaʻohe pono o ka mālama hou. Lawe ʻia ka Landing wā e mālama ʻia ana ka pīpī o ka honua, no laila ʻaʻole e hōʻino i nā aʻa ʻōpala. Inā ʻaʻole kahi kumu lāʻau e pono ai ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi ulu lāʻau, e pālihi i ka piko. Hoʻomaka ka pua a me ka hua mai 4-5 mau makahiki o ke ola.
Hiki ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka loquat Caucasian ma ka waiho ʻana. No ka hana i kēia, ma ka lālā o lalo i ka hoʻoilo ua hōʻino lākou i ka ʻā a hoʻopaʻa i ka pana i ka lepo. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kāpīpī ʻia me ka lepo. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka lawenaʻa. ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole kime kahi kikowaena piha e hoʻomohala wale ma hope o 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻokaʻa ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka waiho ʻana a me ke hili ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau.
I ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomanamana ʻana ma ka Japanese medlar. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, e hoʻohana i nā wana o ka makahiki i hala me 2 mau nika 12-15 cm lōʻihi.Nā nā pelekane o nā lau e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka hapalua. Hana ʻia ka slice me ka lehu lāʻau a kanu ʻia i loko o nā ipu me ka lepo momona a hohonu i ka 4-5 cm pololei kūʻē. Hoʻomoʻu ʻia ka paʻa me ka uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Pono ka mālama ʻana o ka lumi lumi ma + 25 ... + 27 ° C. Hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana e pili ana i hoʻokahi mahina.
Hoʻouluulu ʻia nā mea kanu huaʻai e ke kanulau. Ma ke ʻano he lāʻau nui a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka plum, ka pā, ka hawthorn, quince. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka graft ma ka palaka a ma hope o ka ʻili.
ʻO ka kanu waho a me ka mālama
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ma waho o ka subtropics, ulu a nā medlar Kelemania a me nā hua like ʻole i ka māla. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mea kanu e ʻohi i ka lā a me ka wahi i wehe ʻia. Pono ka ʻāina, eʻala a me nā meaʻai (sandy loam chernozem, turf land, loam). ʻO kahi lepo liʻiliʻi waiʻona me ka ʻike hohonu o ka wai e kūpono.
Ma muli he rhizome superficial ka medlar, kahi lawa landing fossa me ka hohonu o 50-70 cm. Pono ke kolu o ka pāʻina ma mua o ke aʻa o ka mea kanu. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka wahi paʻa me ka hoʻokahe wai (hoʻonui i ka pālala, lepo nāʻaina, gravel). Hoʻopiha ʻia ka wahi ma waena o nā aʻa me ka honua i hui pū ʻia me ke one a me ka compost.
Ma hope koke o ke kanu ʻana, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu me nitrophosphate a i ʻole superphosphate. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāina kokoke i ka ʻala a me ka humus a. ʻOiai he lāʻau kanu dioecious ʻo medlar, no kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi, ua kanu ʻia nā kumulāʻau e pili kokoke i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike pai ʻole. Akā i ka kanu ʻana i kahi apricot a iʻa paha ma hope e pono ʻole ia. Pono kēlā me kēia kope i ka 3-4 m o kahi kaʻawale.
Makemake nui ʻo Medlar i ka hoʻoilo maʻamau, akā pono kahi ʻāpana o ka wai e hoʻopili koke ʻia i ka lepo. Hoʻoikaika pinepine i ka lepo.
He wā lōʻihi o ka mea kanu, no laila, noho mau ka ola o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻaʻole i ʻoki a ʻūlū. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana, hoʻomohala hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia 20-25 mau lā, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka manawa ke ʻike ʻia nā hua. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu pākahi - kēlā me kēia mahina 1,5-2. E like me ke kapa ʻoi loa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena mullein, a me nā koni ʻoli a me nā pā.
E haku i ka lei a hoʻoulu i ka hua, lawe pinepine ʻia ka mea kanu, no ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pua a me nā hua ma nā lālā o 1-2 mau makahiki o ke ola. Pono ʻoe e neʻe pinepine i nā lālā kahiko 1-2 a ʻokiʻoki i nā wahi ākea. Hoʻololi pinepine i ka 25-50% o nā lālā.
ʻAʻole i ʻeha ʻia kahi Medlar i nā maʻi lāʻau. I kekahi manawa e pili i kahi pehu soot a i ʻole brown. E like me ka prophylaxis i ke kakahiaka nui (ma mua o ke ʻano o nā lau), mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka wai ka Bordeaux (3%). I kekahi manawa ma nā lau hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi scab a aphid. Kōkua nā Bioinsecticides iā lākou. He pōʻino lākou a ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua.
Ke ulu nei ma ka home
Ua lilo ka medlar Japanese i mea kanu lāʻau i nā mea kanu no nā hale ulu, conservatories, a me nā wahi'ē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ia he ʻulepule. Hiki i nā mea kanu ke kanu i loko o ka pā hao a i ʻole ka ʻili nui. Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōkelē mau makahiki i nā makahiki he 2, a hiki ke hoʻololi wale i ka topsoil.
Makemake nui ʻo Medlar i ka ʻoluʻolu, no laila e kau ʻia ma ka wahi ākea loa, ma lalo o ka lā kūpono. Hoʻololi nā ʻano ʻano i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi e hoʻomālamalama hou aku ai, inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaka nā hua.
ʻO ka ea wela ka mahana ma waena o + 18 ... + 25 ° C. I ke kauwela, hōʻike ʻia ka pot i ka ea hou. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e pale i ka mea kanu mai nā papa hana a lawe i loko i ka wā o ke anu anuanu. I ka hoʻoilo, ua'ōlelo ʻia e hoʻemi i ka mahana i + 2 ... + 5 ° C.
Hoʻoikaika i ka medlar loko i loko ākea a nui. Kena ʻia ʻaʻole e maloʻo ka lepo. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoemi ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana e pale i ka lepo a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pala. Mawaena o ka lawena, hamama ka lepo.
No ka mea e noho nā mea kanu i nā puʻu, he nui ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe iā lākou. Eia naʻe, pīpī pinepine ʻole ka pīpī pinepine ʻana no nā lau pubescent. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e waiho i nā pālahalaha me ka wai a me ka pāholo i hoʻonui ʻia e ka pā kokoke i kahi kokoke. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi lumi mahana i kēlā me kēia manawa.
I ka mahina o ʻApelila-Kepakemapa, hānai hānai nā lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa i ka malama me ka pupuk organik. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻia a ninini ʻia i ka lepo.
Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu kūloko ma ke ʻano o kahi ulu lāʻau, lāʻau a i ʻole bonsai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻopili a wehe i nā pua hou. Hoʻokumu nā lālā lateral i nā palupalu a wale nō mai nā sinuses o ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā lau. ʻOi ka wā ma hope o ka ʻū ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kūpono no ka ʻoki.
He waiwai waiwai
ʻO Medlar ka mea kanu ulu ʻole i mea pono nā mea āpau. Loaʻa nā huaʻai i kahi nui o ka sucrose, fructose, pectins. Ma nā māhele āpau he mau huaora, nā memo a me nā macro, pū kekahi me nā tannins a me nā huahana molowa.
Hiki i nā huaʻai ke ʻai hou aku, hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka pōʻai, compote a me ka waiʻona. Hoʻomau nā decocats a me nā infusion mai nā lau a me nā ʻili. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lāʻau i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana, hakakā i nā maʻi a me nā colic. I ka wā hāpai, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua wahine ke loaʻa i nā mea āpau e pono ai no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pēpē. Ua hoʻopilikia lākou i nā hoʻōla, hoʻōla, nā disinfecting. ʻO kēia manawa hou, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea medlar i hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana maʻi kanesa.
Eia naʻe, i nā mea āpau e pono ai e ʻike i ke ana. Kūkulu nā mea kanu i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā cyanides, hiki iā ia ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ke kino a alakaʻi i ka loaʻaʻole. ʻO ka hoʻohana nuiʻana o nā hua, ʻoi aku ka unripe, he hopena laxative. ʻO kekahi medlar ua contraindicated no ka poʻe e hōʻeha nei i ka acidity kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōpū, gastritis a me nā mea likeʻole.
