Nā hua waina Ruslan: ka wehewehe o ka like me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā loiloi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kanu a me ka ulu ʻana

Hele mai nā hua waina Ruslan ma Lūkia mai Zaporizhzhya kanu kanu pilikino o nā keiki hoʻomake ʻo Vitaly Zagorulko. Kūʻē ʻo ia e hana i nā ʻōpiopio paʻakikī loa me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka nui o ka makahiki, palatability kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ʻoi loa o ka transportability. ʻO nā 90 o ke kenekulia hope i hua mai iā ia i nā huaʻehā i nā ʻano āpau: ʻelua ka hōʻiliʻili huina o nā hybrids āna i hana ai, a me ka kaulana o nā mea kākau o nā ʻano ʻano like me Laura, Talisman, Arcadia, Zaporozhye Gift, Delight, Ruslan.

Mea hoʻonani o ka genetic ma nā mea āpau

Aia ma kahi o iwakālua mau kuleana kope o Zagorulko, akā hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā me kēia. Mahope ʻoi aku ka hana ʻoi keiki ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. Hoʻohui a hoʻāla hoʻi ka ʻohi ʻana a hiki i ka wā i loaʻa ai ʻo ia ke ʻano hana nui i kū pono i kona mau koi: ʻelua ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana pono iho, a ma nā ʻano, a ma muli o nā huaʻōlelo o ko lākou waiwai. Ua noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā mea aʻe ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi mua no kāna mau huahana hou.

• ʻōpala mua a i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana;
• kāhea-nui a nui;
• huaoli a hoʻomohino pono ʻole;
• maʻi pale.

ʻO Ruslan kekahi o nā loina like ʻole o ka huahelu ʻo Vitaly Zagorulko

Aia i loko o kēia cohort me nā super- a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui i loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻano kupanaha ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo Ruslan. ʻO ia me nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe, e like me Moor, Libya, Bazhen, Lily of the Valley, Veles, Vodograi, Sofia, ua lanakila pinepine ʻia a loaʻa i nā wahi hoʻonani a me nā lanakila o ka waiwai ma nā hōʻike ākea a nā hui ʻoihana ʻoihana mahiai a me nā kula ʻoihana mahiai o Ukraine mai 2008 a 2011.

ʻAi ʻia ka wīwī o Ruslan huaʻai e ulu i nā lālā hema a me ka wahi o ka chernozem o Rūsia

ʻEkolu mau lāhui i lilo nā mākua o Ruslan: ʻO Gift Zaporozhye, Kuban a me Delight. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau aborigines hema ke hana i kahi ʻano ʻākau. Akā, naʻe, ua kū ka kūwaho o ka hau i ka mea kanu hou i nui o ka poʻe mahiai ua mākaukau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hōʻike ʻo Ruslan i ka stamina a hiki i -25⁰C. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo e hoʻonui ʻia aku ia mea hou i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Ukraine a hiki i kahi kikoʻī ʻoluʻolu o Rūsia. ʻO kēia paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo a me ka moʻomeheu hoʻohui i hoʻohua ʻia ʻo Ruslan e ʻike i loko o nā māla ma kahi o Moscow.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano Ruslan - papa

A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupaianaha maikaʻi loa o nā hua waina o kēia ʻano. He mea kūpono hoʻi ke haʻi ʻia ʻana o ka nui loa o ka pale ʻana i ka loulou, ka hiki ke ulu i nā pālahalaha pilikino a me nā pālahalaha nui, ka ulu ʻana o nā māla ma ka ākea a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO ka lālani a me ka hua ponoʻī, ua lanakila hou ka nui o ka mana. Hōʻike maoli ka papa ma lalo nei i kēia.

Kiʻi Kiʻi: ʻO Ruslan mauwa waina mai ka mea aloha iā Zagorulko

Hoʻomaopopo nā māla lāʻau i nā hua waina a Ruslan

Makemake maoli wau iā Ruslan, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i pālahalaha a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia i nā makahiki he nui ma nā wahi he nui. Akā naʻe au e kuhikuhi iā ia i ka poʻe āpau, me ka ulu ʻana no ka ʻāina maloʻo. Aia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike me ka pūlima, me ka manaʻo mai ka Kuban, a ʻoiai ke kau aku nei iā ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kekahi pala, akā ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau puʻupuʻu huakaʻi. Aloha mākou i ka ʻāina o ʻAukake 1-5. Ma 2013, ua pōʻino ka lāʻau i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, e like me nā mea he nui. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi, hōʻike ʻia i kekahi mau cluster.

Evgeny Polyanin

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ʻO koʻu wā ʻōpio ʻo Ruslan. ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kanu pū ʻia me kahi māka no ka noho mau. Hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻo ia. I ka hāʻule, ua ʻoki ʻia i hana ka puna. I kēia makahiki, 5 mau pua ikaika e hoʻomohala nei, loaʻa i kahi pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Aia i kēia manawa he nui nā wahi kamaliʻi, a, hoihoi a me ka puka o ka inflorescences liʻiliʻi ma luna o kaʻu mau keiki aloha.

Na waina waina

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Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā māla me ka ʻike i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻohi ʻana mai i nā māla Ruslan i nā makahiki ua

Ua loaʻa iā Ruslan he kāki ... Uaʻike au i nā wasps. ʻOiai ma hope o ka ʻohi. ʻOiai ka momona, ʻo ka nui o nā huaʻa a me nā bunches, ka wā mua a me nā mea hoʻohālike a pau e pili ana iaʻu. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ia wai e like ai, akā ʻaʻole koʻu ulu palupalu e like me ka mea, e like me Akā ma luna o luna.

KI

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ʻO nā hana Agrotechnical o ka ulu i ka wā ulu

ʻO Ruslan, e like me kāna poʻokela o ka inoa like mai ka poche a Pushkin, he ikaika ikaika ia e kū pono iā ia iho. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka manaʻo ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e mahalo i nā kūlana maikaʻi a mālama pono i ka wā o ka wā o ka manawa hana a i ka manawa ulu.

Ke kanu nei i nā ʻokiʻoki

ʻOiai ke ʻulepili ʻana i kāna lepo, makemake nui ka moʻomeheu i kahi hoʻohui ʻāina me ka hoʻohui o ka humus a me ka peat. E mālama pono i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pākīpī mai loko o ka papahū o ka lua o nā mea kanu, inā ʻaʻole pela ka waterlogging e hana hou i nā pilikia hou i loko o ke ʻano o ka hāpū a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lau a me nā huaʻai a i ʻole he ʻano hana like ʻole ka wai.

Pono e ʻokiʻoki i mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka lepo ma loko o kahi wai hoʻōla

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā pūlima no nā ʻoki kālai Ruslan ma mua o kahi o 15 mau lā ma mua o ke kaʻina kanu. Pono kēia e koi i ka ʻāina no ka noho ʻana a paʻa pū kekahi. Pono hohonu ka laulā, ʻo ka mea ulu e ulu wale ma luna o ka hale, akā i lalo o ka hale. Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka lua i kanu ʻia, hoʻomōleʻa ʻia lākou i ka wai me ka wai mahana a laila e ʻeli hou. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo kēia pānaehana pālua i ka umauma i ke aʻa a pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻōpala ma luna o ka honua.

Ma lalo o nā hua waina i hana i nā lua hohonu a 80 cm hohonu a ākea

ʻO ka mamao i ʻōlelo ʻia ma waena o nā hua liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 1,5 mau mika, a ma waena o nā lālani ma ka māla hoʻomehana hana - ma ka liʻiliʻi o 3 mika. I ka wa waena o ka manawa, e ulu mai ke kumulāʻau ʻaʻole he wahi ʻole, akā ua lawa ka lono no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hua a no ka hele ma waena o lākou i ka wā e ʻohi ai. O ka mamao ka mahele ana e like me ke ana ka lakou e hihia ai i ke aʻa kolo me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ʻole.

ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā huahele e pono ma kahi o ka 1.5 mau mika, a ma hope o ka uluʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e peʻa

Hoʻohana pono nā kanu ʻana iā Ruslan i ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻokiʻoki iho lākou e hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hāʻule. ʻOi aku ka pua ʻana ma o ke kau ʻana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kauwela a me ka liki.

Ka mālama maʻamau

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma ka mālama ʻana i nā hua waina. Pono ʻo ia i ka kanu ʻana i ka kanu, kanu ʻana, ke kāohi ʻana i nā mauʻu a me nā mea i luna, ʻaʻole nāwaliwali o ka ovary, a ma lalo o ka palena i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka ʻano.

ʻEkolu paha nā mākela minuke i kēlā me kēia makahiki inā:

• ʻōpiopio ke kumu ʻōpio a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā maʻi;
• ke kanu ʻana i nā māla i ka manawa hoʻokahi i lawe ʻia i ka lepo kanu;
• hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ka lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo a me ka nele.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe mua me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kalapona a me ka pākela e lawe ʻia i ka pūnāwai ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe.

ʻO ka ʻaihue mineral ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻāpala piha

Hoʻomoe ʻia ka lua a me ke kolu o ka ʻai i ka manawa o ke aʻa a ʻupua o nā hua. Hiki i kēia ke aʻa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā foliar o nā lau me ka pāhana kālai paʻakai potassium a ʻo nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoihana ponoʻī. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e pale ai i ka nalo ʻana o nā koena pua i ka huaʻai i loko o ka hua, pono ke hoʻoulu ʻia o ka pīpī i ka hebedoma ʻelua ma mua o ka ʻili ʻana i nā hua.

Hoʻopilikia no nā maʻi waina a me nā pōpoki

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano like me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi aku ma ka wīwī a me ka pauno makekē, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā pua ʻoniʻoni-melemele ma nā lau, nā hua manu kulana ma nā lau a me nā huaʻai, nā ʻala o nā iʻa pala. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā maʻi no nā hua waina - inā hewa nā mea, hiki ke nalalo iā 50 a 90% o ka hua. I kēia hihia, wikiwiki ka maʻi o ka maʻi mai kekahi lāʻau a i kekahi. Hoʻomaka koke ka mea kanu i ka huli i ka melemele, maloʻo ka hua a hāʻule.

ʻO ka paila ma luna o nā lau a me nā huaʻai kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ke kumulā

Hūnāwai

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua waina o kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻolaha ʻia ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi. ʻO nā kānāwai nui o kēia hana pale ka mea i koho ʻia:

• Kāohi i ka waterlogging o ka lepo. Paʻi ʻia, wāwahi, hoʻoneʻe nui o ka ea e pale aku ai. He hoaaloha kēia o nā hua waina.
• E hoʻomoʻi i ka lepo ma nā aʻa o ka hua waina me ka mauʻu, ka ʻōpala, ka palaoa, ka wahie. Hoʻopakele kēia i ka mea kanu mai ka nele o ka makika a mai ka ea anuanu.
• Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopunipuni nui o nā mea kanu. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki ma kahi ākea ma hope o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻana o ka hau manuahi, a hoʻomehana ka ʻāina a hiki i + 6 + 8⁰C. I ka pō i ke anuanu ikaika, pono e uhi ʻia nā hua ʻōpio i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
• Hoʻopau i nā papa hana i ka manawa kūpono, a pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā pua hou i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ʻole ka hāʻule o nā pua i ka ʻāina i ka wā e ʻoki ʻia.
• E hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana i ʻelua mau manawa i ka manawa me ka hoʻomākaukau i hōʻoia ʻia o ke keleawe, kaūpaʻa, ka hao, e like me: Bordeaux wai, colloidal sulfur, Oksikhom, keleawe a me ka keleawe keleawe.
• I ka wā e puka mai nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, mālama koke i nā mea kanu i nā mākaukau fungicidal. Pono e hoʻokō pono nā ʻōkuhi ma muli o ka papa ʻōlelo i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hana. Nā māka kūpono no nā hua waina ʻo Quadris, Cabrio Top, Champion, Ridomil Gold, Abiga Peak.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he nui nā mākaukau no ka fungicidal. I mea ʻole e hāʻawi i ka maʻamau o nā hua waina i kekahi o kā lākou ʻano, e aʻo ʻia ke koho i kēia manawa mai ka manawa i ka manawa, a i ʻole mai luna e lawe i ka lole.

ʻO nā ala e ʻoi aku ka palekana e pale i nā maʻi manuahi me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana me nā infusions o nā mea momona a i ʻole e puhi ʻana i nā lāʻau: nettle, chamomile, kope, ke keleka, ka ʻala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka prophylactic maikaʻi ka lehu lāʻau, pīpī pinepine ʻia ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: Ka lāʻau hana no ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi lāʻau

ʻO ke hakakā ma phylloxera

Ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki i ka lua, pono e ʻike ʻia no ka hele ʻana o parasit ma luna o ia. ʻO kekahi mea weliweli loa no nā hua waina ʻo phylloxera, a ʻāpopo paha aphid. Kūpī kekahi ʻōleʻa-melemele ʻeleʻele i nā lau a i nā wana a me nā aʻa. I ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, mālama maikaʻi kāna ʻōpili i nā aʻa, ke kālai nei iā lākou me ka proboscis a no laila ke hōʻole wale i ko lākou kūpaʻa. I ka wā e mahana maikaʻi ai ka honua, holo nā alapine i ka papa, kahi e hoʻomaka ai kā lākou luku weliweli.

Hoʻopili nā laria phylloxera i nā lau wale nō, akā ma nā aʻa

ʻO ka hōʻino ʻia o nā ʻokiʻoki i lawe ʻia mai ia mea i loaʻa kahi mea i ʻike ʻia e ʻike ʻia me ka maka maka. E loaʻa i nā palapia maoli ʻole. Pono e hoʻouna ʻia i nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ke ahi, a i ka manawa like i ka lāʻau maʻi i ʻoki ʻia a me ke koena. E ʻili ʻia ka honua mai ka wahi i luku ʻia me nā pesticides, a no nā makahiki he ʻumi e pale ai i ka hua waina ma luna.

Akā he aha inā inā ʻike ka phylloxera i kahi kanu i ka manawa kiʻekiʻe? Hoʻokahi wale nō ala e hana - e hoʻokō i ka hoʻōki pinepine ʻana o nā hua waina me ka dichloroethane. Akā ma muli o ka mea i loaʻa ka mea pumehana i ka mea ʻona, ʻo 20 ml ka mea e lawa ai ka make i ka mea make, he pono ke lawe ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā māla huaʻai me ka dichloroethane e kahi hui i hōʻoia ʻia e nā loea o ka ʻoihana mahiai a me nā mea loea.

I nā māla liʻiliʻi pilikino liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana pilikino i nā pesticides maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia e like me Lawellik, Kinmiks, Fozalon, Fufanon.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: phylloxera - kekahi o nā pōpilikia maikaʻi loa o nā hua waina

ʻAi liʻiliʻi nā hua kanu Ruslan

ʻO ke kanu lāʻau he ʻano kuʻuna, obligatory no kēlā me kēia ngahā, ʻoiai ʻole nā ​​makahiki o ke kumu lāʻau. Ma luna o ke kauwela, ulu nui ka lāʻau a hiki i ka wā ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻoilo i kēia ʻano. E hoʻomau malū ke kumu ʻāpono ʻole i ʻoki poepoe ʻole ʻia, a i hope o ka makahiki e make ʻole ai ia, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā mea i hiki ʻole ai ke kali i nā hua. A he nui nā pono o ka trimming.

• ʻO ka mea mua, hana ia i ka ulu lāʻau a kūpono i ka hoʻoilo;
• ʻO ka lua, e hōʻano hou i ka hua waina, e hoʻokumu ana i ka hiki ke ulu i ke makahiki aʻe;
• ʻO ke kolu, he mea kōkua ia e hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻokiʻoki kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka pālahalaha ʻana i ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana.

Hoʻopau ʻia ka wana palaoa ke hana i kahi lāʻau a hoʻonui i ka huahana

Ma mua o ka paʻi nui, ua nānā ʻia ka lāʻau, hōʻike ʻia i nā lau maloʻo a wehe i nā koena o ke koena. ʻO ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumuwaina ke hoʻomaka mua ia o ke ola. Hoʻopau ʻia nā kuʻi a pau i ka manawa o ke kau, eia wale nō ʻelua mauʻu, ma luna o kahi ʻekolu i koe. I ka makahiki aʻe, e mālama ʻia nā maka he 3-4 no nā wana.

I ke kolu o ka makahiki, i ʻelua mau kāʻei lima, i kēia manawa e hele aku nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ʻāpana waena. No kēia mea, pōkole ke kīwaha overgrown i 50 cm me ka nui o nā maka ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 4. Hoʻopau ʻia nā wana haʻahaʻa a pau. I ka makahiki ʻehā, mālama ʻia nā lūlima ma kēia kūlana, akā ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōnaehana āpau o ke makahiki ma ko lākou wahi haʻahaʻa. Hana ʻia nā hana āpau e kahi pruner māla a me nā mea kūʻai.

Loaʻa ia ka lāʻau ulu kūpono e ka ʻehā o ke ola o ke kumu waina

Hana ʻia ka papa ʻaina o ka māla no ka hoʻoilo ma muli o nā lula o ka hanana mākeke i ulu ai nā hua waina. Inā ʻaʻole e koi ʻia kahi kolo, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia nā lālā i ke kākoʻo.

ʻO nā hua waina Ruslan he mea koʻikoʻi maoli i ka māla i kahi moʻomeheu maoli a me ka hoʻopuhi. Me ka mea ʻole, me ka mānoanoa maikaʻi loa, pale ʻia i nā maʻi a me ka wā mua, hiki ke lilo i mea "hōʻailona nui o ka papahana" ma ka pae, me ka ʻole o kekahi pilikia i ka poʻe nona nā mea. Loaʻa ia iʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hilo gula e ulu a mālama i mua o nā hua waina Ruslan, ʻoiai inā he nui ka nui a ka turnip.