Nā maʻi maʻi: Pehea e kōkua ai i kahi lāʻau

ʻOiai ke nānā nei i kēia manawa ua maʻalahi ke ulu i nā aniani, ke hōʻike ka mea maoli i kahi mamao loa ia mai ka hihia. ʻAʻole wale ka mea e koi ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lepo a me nā kūlana wai, nā ʻoliki he nui nā maʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Onane pinepine nā lāʻau ʻala i nā ʻeleʻele lepo waterlogged i uhi ʻia me nā fertilizers nitrogen.

Nā maʻi maʻi

Aia nā ʻuala i nā mea kanu, ke kanu ʻana o ia ka mea ma waena o nā māla lāʻau, a pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka hopena i pili i ka hiki ke kanu ʻana i nā maʻi o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻōni i ulu ma nā ʻaka, a i kēlā me kēia ʻano i loaʻa i ka hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka waiwai momona.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā maʻi, ka ʻokoʻa he mau minamina, he ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ko nā ala ākea i kā lākou mālama ʻana i nā lole like. No laila, nā maʻi maʻi, kahi e pilikia nui loa i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia e kahi helu o nā mea kanu, inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e hana i ka manawa. ʻO nā maʻi Viral, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia, pono e luku ʻia nā mea kanu maʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki ke pale ʻia nā maʻi viral e ka hakakā ʻana i kā lākou mea lawe - he ʻano o nā pepeke hanu.

ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery

ʻO ka pulupulu Powdery kahi ʻano maʻi no nā aniani wale nō, a like nā hōʻailona me nā maʻi āpau. Hiki iā lākou ke hele aku i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai: no ke kakaka o nā makahiki a pau ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻa, no ka kanu ʻia i ke kakahiaka nui - he manawa iki ma hope. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi melemele ma nā lau, ʻokoʻa ka huli ʻana o ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu, ua hele pū ʻia kēia ʻano me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka uhi kahe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka palaoa.

ʻO kēia panana, e ʻike maka ʻia i ke kakahiaka, e kupu ʻoliʻoli, lilo i ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula, lilo nā lau i ka lau, maloʻo ka ʻōpala. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine pinepine, hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i nā kanu kanu, i ka lā ua, me ka nele o ka lā.

ʻO ka maʻamau ke kumu o nā maʻi i ka hua huina, no laila ʻo kona ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka mea e koi ʻia ke kanu. Hiki ke hūnā ʻia nā hua a me nā hua ma loko o ka wai wela (40-42 ºС) no 6-7 mau hola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - - ma kahi pāpaʻi a pink o ka permanganate. No ka hoʻonui i ka hōʻoia o ka neutralization ma hope o kēia, hoʻohana kekahi mau māla i ka mālama ʻana me biofungicides (e like me Bactofit a i Poliram) paha.

Ma ka ʻoi aku i ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka ʻokiʻoki pono ʻana o ka pauku o nā mea kanu ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka aniani a me ka ʻeli koke ʻana i ka moena e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi o ka ʻuala no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. He mea nui ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka pīpī: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wahi o ka moena bawang ma kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā inā waiho mau ma kahi hoʻokahi no 2-3 mau makahiki, a laila hoʻomaha lākou i kahi hoʻomaha no ka manawa like. ʻO kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi pale ʻo ka lūlū wā ʻana o ka lehu lāʻau ma luna o nā moena bawang, a mai nā mea kanu kemu - ʻo ka ʻūhū lau e hoʻolele nei me Horus a i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Oksikhom.

Inā hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho, pono e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka wai a hoʻōki i ka hōʻuluʻulu o ka nitrogen, a e mālama pono i ka aniani a me ka ʻūhā a puni me nā hopena o nā fungicides (no ka laʻana, he wai ka Bordeaux a i ʻole Polycarbacin). ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia e hiki ke ʻai i ka ʻuala ma hope o ia mau ʻano, a me ka hulu, a me nā hulu, ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole kūpono ia. Eia naʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pulu inā he mālama ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

Peronosporosis (kalo kalo kaumaha)

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka peronosporosis ka like me nā hōʻailona o ka pauma wēwī: mua, kahi hina ʻulaʻula-poni ʻulaʻula i ka hulu. Ma hope aku, ua like ka lau o nā lau, ʻeleʻele a maloʻo. I kēia hiʻohiʻona, nawaliwali ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā ia ke make: hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala i nā pala. Hoʻonui koke ka maʻi ma loko o ka māla. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike iā ia iho ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana i ka hulu, hānai nā mea like iā ia me ka pauka wana maoli.

Me ka peronosporosis, like nā mea āpau me ke aniani o ka pulehu, a he like nō hoʻi nā meahana.

Ka mea like ʻole ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi mai like ʻole i ka poʻe i loaʻa i kahi pōpō palā. Hana ʻia ka Peronosporosis i kahi kahua ʻōpiopio me ka infusions o nā ʻano lau like ʻole (dandelion, nettle, etc.), ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kanu. ʻO kahi hāmeʻa maikaʻi ʻo ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Ridomil Gold.

Vitio: ke kaua ʻana i ka peronosporosis o nā lehi

Hoʻopili a hina paha i lalo nā ʻōpū

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka pala hū leʻa ia ia iho i loko o ka māla: hiki i kēia ke hiki i ka hihia o nā ua lōʻihi e kū mai ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ka hulu. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e pili ana i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. E kīpī ka ʻōhala i ka ʻāʻī ma ka ʻāʻī, hoʻomaka e pala, a ʻānai koke a hopu koke i kona leo holoʻokoʻa. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili me ka hina hina, no ka mea e pili pū ʻia ka pōpoki wahaheʻe.

No ka mea, e komo ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi i ka punawai ma o ka ʻeha kino, ʻo kahi maikaʻi pale ʻana ʻo ia ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka pahi i kahi pahi e ʻoki ana i ka peni e ka holoi ʻana me ka wai paʻala o ka permanganate potassium.

ʻO nā ʻōulu i mālama ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea nona ka ʻāʻī mānoanoa loa, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia. No laila, he mea nui ka hoʻomaloʻo kūpono o ka hua: pono e lilo ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa hebedoma ma kahi wela o kahi o 30 ^{e pili ana}C a me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi.

Hoʻomaka ka pala huluhulu mai ka luna, akā laila, i ka nui o nā pūpū lahilahi

No ka papa lāʻau, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Quadrice, kahi hebedoma ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, kanu lākou i ka lepo ma kahi moena o ka ʻala. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻana o nā hua me nā fungicides, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻana o nā lau āpau a me nā koena o ka mea kanu, pono.

Kuhi hina

ʻO ka pāpulomi hina kahi maʻi fungal; hiki i ka hāpū ke hoʻopilikia i nā palahala i kēlā me kēia manawa: hiki ke loaʻa kēia i ka wā i ka wā ulu a me ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā o ka mālama i ka hua. ʻAʻole e like me ke hina hina, ʻaʻole pili kēia maʻi i ka ʻā o ka uaki, akā e ulu ana ma luna o kāna mau ʻāpana āpau. ʻO nā kumu o nā maʻi i ka like me nā hihia o ka ʻāʻī wī. ʻO nā pā i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻupena i lilo i ʻalopili, lilo i ao nui, loaʻa ke ʻano ʻowahāwahā a me ke kala melemele, i uhi ʻia i ka hana hina. ʻO nā hana no ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi like ʻole e like me ka ʻāʻī manu.

Fusarium (Fusarium rot o ka lalo)

Noho ke kumu o ka maʻi i ka lepo, ka maʻi ʻala a ke ʻōpala i ka wā e ulu nei, e kōkua ana i ka ua nui, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā hana hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. Hoʻomaka ka ʻaloʻili mai nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka umauma, ka mea e hoʻopuka i ka apopo, lilo ka ʻala i ka wai, ʻōwili nā aʻa a make nā lau. He hihia ka hihia i ka wā i hele mai ai ka maʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe he manawa e hōʻike iā ia iho i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. a laila e pala ka umauma i ka wā o kahi e waiho ai, inā hoʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻomaka ka huluhulu laha ma lalo iho, a laila kiʻekiʻe

No ka mea, ua hāʻawi aku ka pōpoki i ka maʻi o Fusarium, nā nāwaliwali o nā mea kanu, ʻo kekahi o nā ala e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻo ia ka make ʻana o nā pōpoki. Eia kekahi, pono e ʻike i ka ʻōpala o mua o nā kaamaka ʻikepili i hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili iā Fusarium, ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka hihia o ke kanu mua ʻana o kahi hua ola. ʻO ka neutralization ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka lele e pono ai. He mea nui ia e nānā i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hua kūpono, ka nele o ka waterlogging, a me ka eli ʻana o ka manawa nili o nā pulu a me kā lākou mākaukau akahele no ka mālama ʻana, e komo pū ana.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Bioni ʻoi

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pīpī bakalapa, e like me Fusarium, ʻike maoli iā ia i loko o ka māla, a hiki i ka hopena o ka ulu o ke aila, a i ʻole wale nō paha i ka wā o ke waiho ʻana. ʻOiai ma ka māla, hiki i nā lau ʻala ke uhi ʻia me nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi, akā he paʻakikī ke ʻike, no laila e hoʻouna ka mea mahiʻai i ka hua no ka mālama me ka ʻole e hopohopo i ka pilikia. Hiki i ka maʻi ke hōʻike wale iā ia i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo koke ʻia ka umauma. ʻIke wale ʻia ka pala Bacterial i ka wā i ʻoki ʻia ai ka uila: e hoʻohuli ʻia nā paila maʻamau me ka palalupalu, translucent. ʻAʻole liuliu, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā pūlima paukū nui, e hoʻopiʻi i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu.

Me ka bacteriosis, nā pūpū lahilahi mai loko

ʻO ke kānāwai, ulu ka bakiola i huaʻai maikaʻi ʻole a maloo, ʻo ke kumu o nā maʻi i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā lepo ʻōpala e hiki ai i nā huakini ke ola no nā makahiki he nui. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono o nā moena ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana he pono maoli nō. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia ka pōʻino i ka wā e ʻeli ai i ka nati a kaʻi aku aku.

Naʻu ʻala

ʻO ka ʻū he mea maʻi maʻamau ka maʻi o nā mea kanu āpala, a me ke kāleka hoʻi. ʻO kēia kahi ʻoi loa o nā loea mau i ulu ma nā mea kanu. I ka wā e loaʻa ai, paʻi convex i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka waiho melemele ʻulaʻulaʻula i nā lau, hiki ke hoʻololi i ʻulaʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia mau wahi (“pads”) he mau lālā fungal. Ma muli o kāna hopena, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lau a, ma hope mai, ua pani ke aniani.

ʻIke nani ka ʻūhā, akā hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i ka hua.

Pipiʻi loa ka rust, a paʻa ka pathogen, a inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia ka lepo lepo ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka māla ʻana, hiki i ka maʻi sibeli ke hoʻomau ma luna o kahi moena o kekahi mau makahiki. Paipai ʻia ka Contamination e ka mālama ʻana o ke kaʻawale: pono ʻole ʻoe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻohe mea āu e makemake ai. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻano like no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi i like me ka mea i loaʻa i nā maʻi maʻi.

Opiona Kahiko

He maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻo Mose ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. I ka wā e lau ai ka lau, ʻeleʻele ka lau a me ka ʻalohihi. Hoʻonui ka lōʻihi, hoʻōki ko lākou ulu ʻana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hāʻule nā ​​lau i mua o ka manawa, make nā mea kanu he nui. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hopena o ka make piha o ka hua, akā ua hōʻemi nui ʻia kona nui a me ka maikaʻi.

No ka mea, ʻo nā pepeke liʻiliʻi (ʻili, aphids, nematodes) lawelawe i nā mea lawe ʻia o ka huakaʻi, neʻe ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻopau pono ʻana o ka wā kanu, ʻo ka palu ʻana i ka irigation a me ke kapa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi kūlohelohe kūpono a me ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻāʻīwīwī koʻikoʻi.

Na Iona Kauuku

He maʻi maʻi nō hoʻi ʻo Jaundice, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. Ke lele ka maʻi, huli ka hulu a me nā pua o ke kaila ke hoʻomaka, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a hoʻololi kino i ke kala. Hoʻopili nā lau, pinepine pinepine ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka huhū. ʻO ka mea lawe i ka pōkiʻi ka cicada, ma luna kekahi o nā ʻano lau, nā pua. Pono e luku ʻia nā lāʻau ʻona. ʻO nā hana kūpono e like me ka mosaics.

Lauoho lauoho

Ke kamaʻilio nei lākou e pili ana i ka ʻaliki lōkō, ʻaʻole pololei. ʻAʻohe maʻi ma lalo o kēia inoa, akā ka hulu o ka meli (a i ʻole curly) i like me nā maʻi, nā maʻi maʻamau. ʻO ka manawa pinepine loa, lilo nā hulu i ka wā i hopena ʻia ai ka mosaic a i ʻole jaundice. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nō hoʻi ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau nematode i kahi maʻi e like me dithylenchosis. ʻO Nematodes aneane ʻike ʻole i ka maka ʻalani, e noho ana ma ka ʻāina, hoʻopōʻino i nā pulu a me nā ʻala āpau. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i nā pōkoki, a me nā hulu, hoʻopili a me ka curly, a laila a laila make a make.

Oniake laupana

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki ke pale ʻia me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai. Hōʻemi kaʻi ʻia hiki ke hoʻōla, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻole e ʻae ʻia ma ka māla. A inā he hana ʻole ʻoe i ka ua a me ke anuanu, ua pau nā mea a pau i nā lima o ka mea hānai. I ka paleʻana o nā maʻi lāʻau loea, kēlā me kēia mea mai ka papa inoa aʻe he mea nui ia:

• kūlike i ka ʻoliʻili ʻana i ka hua kūpono (i kēlā me kēia manawa, neʻe ka moe o ka ʻalaala i kahi ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea kanu hou kahi e kanu ai ka ʻala, ke kāleka, nā mea kanu lilia, nā pua a ulu);
• ʻinflelo huna ʻūwī o ke kumuwaiwai;
• ke kanu a līlū paha i nā kāleka i ka wā hiki loa, me ka wā ʻole;
• ke koho ʻana i kahi o ka lā mai o nā moena bawang;
• ka pale ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka wai;
• ka hana ʻana i nā koina helu pono o nā waihona nitrogen, me ka nui ʻole;
• luku mau ia o ka opala, i hele pu ia e ka wehe o ka lepo;
• hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻana i ke koena o ka mea kanu ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka ʻeli koke ʻana i ka lepo;
• ke ʻoki ʻiwa nei i ka wā maloʻo wale nō;
• e hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha i mua o ka hua i mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi e waiho ai;
• ka hele malie ʻana o ka hua i ka wahi e kuke pono ai.

Me ka nānā pono ʻana o kēia mau hana, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka ʻala ʻala. Inā i hana maoli ia, he mea ia e ʻimi i ke kumu i ka hiki koke ʻana, a inā e mālama ʻia ka maʻi, hoʻomau i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, inā ʻē, i ka wehe koke ʻana i nā mea maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻomehana i nā kanu kanu lāʻau i ka hihia o nā maʻi

Ke kū ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nui o ka wai a me ka hoʻōlaʻai ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moena me ka lehu lāʻau, hoʻopuka ʻia ka lepo a luku ʻia nā koena o ka wee, a koho ʻia nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia nā mea mālama kumukanawai i nā hapa mua o ke kauwela, a inā ulu ke kaalulu ma luna o kahi hulu manu, pono ʻia e hōʻole aku iā lākou. I kekahi hihia, ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea kūpono e huki i nā mea kanu i loaʻa, inā ʻaʻole nui ka nui.

I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi, hiki i nā ʻano kuʻuna kola e kōkua. ʻO kēia nā infusions a me nā decoction o nā mea kanu (dandelion, celandine, marigolds) a i ʻole he pehe mai ka taba. Ke kanu nei nā mea kanu e like me nā marigolds, dill, hyssop, a me nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i hoʻopau ʻia i ka hopena o ka maʻi a hoʻokuʻu i nā pōʻino. Inā he mau mea kanu wale nō ka maʻi, pono e huki ʻia, a me nā lua o kā lākou wahi e ninini ʻia me ka hopena o ka potassium permanganate a keleawe keleawe (1%).

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​pua nani wale ʻo Marigolds, akā pili nā mea pale mea hilinaʻi

Inā pili ka maʻi maʻi i ka nui o nā mea kanu, hoʻopau ʻia ka moena holoʻokoʻa me ka hoʻomākaukau o ke keleawe, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka chloroxide keleawe (40 g no kēlā me kēia wai wai) ʻelua mau manawa i hoʻokahi pule. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e ʻai ʻia nā lau ma hope o kēlā ʻano lapaʻau no nā hebedoma 3-4. Ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ua kaulana loa ʻo Aktara, Karate, Fitoverm a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Vitio: ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kao mai nā mai

ʻO nā pilikia e ulu ana i nā ʻolika

Hoʻopili i nā maʻi pōʻino, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe māla i ka hoʻoulu a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i pili ʻole i nā maʻi, akā pono ka ʻōlelo ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi o lākou i ka papa ʻaina.

Palapala: nā pilikia me ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani a me kā lākou hopena

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, aia ke kumu o kēlā me kēia ʻano puka, he nui nā kumu, e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻonā mau i ka pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻenehana ʻenehana kūpono e ʻokoʻa loa e ʻae iā ʻoe e ulu i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o nā ʻuala maikaʻi.

Ke hele pinepine ʻole ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoliki me ka pilikia ʻole, no ka mea e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻana i ka mahiʻai. Hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke hoʻonāukiuki i kahi pilikia, me ke komo pū ʻana o nā maʻi, i ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻole ʻia. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ko lākou hanana ʻana, a me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka olakino kanu hiki ke mālama i ka hapa nui o ka hua a inā i kahi maʻi ākea me nā fungi a i ʻole nā ​​puʻupaʻa paha.