ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi kahi mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Shepherdia i nā māla lāʻau o Lūkia. I nā plots home, hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻole ia. I ka wā ʻoi, he lei lāʻau pohihihi maoli kēia, kahi e lawe mau ai i nā mea kanu. I ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona, like nā hua like me nā hua i loko o ka sea buckthorn, akā he nui ka tastier a me nā olakino. ʻO kekahi pono i kuhi ʻia he unsetentiousness e haʻalele. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ka mea kanu i kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia wā a me nā kūlana kime, ʻaʻole ia i kau i nā koi kūikawā i ke ʻano o ka lepo.
He aha ka mea o ke kahu hipa?
ʻO Shepherdia (Shepherdia) he moʻomeheu o nā pua perennial no nā ʻohana Sucker (Elaeagnaceceae). Ma Lūkia, akā he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, ʻo kona "pili" pili i ka moana buckthorn ʻoi aku ka maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka home (USA, Canada), a ma nā ʻĀina a ʻo ʻEulopa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea kanu i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina. ʻO nā lau silvery a me nā wai-ʻulaʻula o ka hipaia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lau ʻeleʻele uliuli, he mea maikaʻi hoʻi ia e kū'ē i nā mea kanu me nā ʻulaʻula (barberry, irga, weigela).
Hoʻohana nui ka kahu hipa i ka hana hoʻoneʻe ma muli o kona nānā a me ka hoʻonaninani.
I ka lōʻihi ma nā kahu hipa i ʻike ʻia ma ka makahiki 1818. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea hoʻohanohano o ka hua kā kaulana kaulana mai ke Aupuni Pelekane ʻo John Shepherd, ʻo ia ke poʻo mua o ka māla huaʻai kaulana ʻo Liverpool. ʻO ka mea kākau o ka inoa, ʻo ia ka mea ʻike, ʻo ia nō ke kākāʻōlelo Philadelphia o boti, ʻo Thomas Nuttall. Hoʻouna ʻo ia i nā kope o ka hipa hipa mua ma ka moana i ka māla huaʻala nui, mai kahi lākou e pālahalaha aku nei ma ʻEulopa.
ʻO ka wahi kahi o ka kahu hipa, ʻo ia ka Kanada a me USA, ʻaʻole iʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i ka Lūkini
Ua ʻike mua ʻo Rūsia (a laila ua lilo ka Rūsia Lūkia i ka hipaia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20 no ka mea aloha kaulana ʻo I.V. Michurin. Makemake nui loa ʻo ia i nā waiwai kūpono a me nā ʻono o ka hua o ka mea kanu, ke hoʻouna nei i kekahi mau kope i kona māla acclimatization, aia ma Kiev. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, ʻaʻole i poina ʻia nā kahu hipa e nā limahana o ka māla, a hiki koke mai kahi ʻano kanu āpau. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ia ka wehewehe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻāina āpau o ka USSR ma mua, ʻo ka mea kahu hipa ka mea kaulana loa ma Ukraine, ʻoiai ʻo ka moʻomeheu ʻaʻole ia he aloha wela.
Ua kaulana ka Shepherdia no ka huahana maikaʻi, ma waho o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka buckthorn moana
He nui nā inoa inoa ʻole i ka mea kanu - "buffalo / bison berry", "hare / rabbit berry", "sabry berry", "American sea buckthorn", "Nebraska currant", "ripry berry", "leaf silver". ʻO nā mea ʻekolu he mau mea maʻamau. Ua wehewehe ʻia ko lākou kumu e nā mea mua o ʻAmelika i hoʻohana i ka berry e hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻai no ke kalo a me nā ʻiʻo manu, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo o nā huaʻai i hōʻoluʻolu ʻia i ka pā.
Shepherdia - kahi mea kanu mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka "ʻelua i hoʻokahi", ua hui pū ʻia ka maikaʻi me ke ʻano o nā hua momona a me ke ʻano o nā hua momona a maikaʻi hoʻi.
ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pākeke pākeke a 3-5 m. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ka waiho ʻana i nā lau no ka hoʻoilo, akā aia nā evergreen species. ʻO nā pua o ka hipaia mea ʻokoʻa loa, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili pālahalaha o ka peʻe hina-beige a paʻa i nā kī ākea lōʻihi. Ka lālā ikaika loa i nā pua, twist, intertwine, cross, kokoke loa i ka ʻāina, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mea paʻa. Hoʻokumu kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka hipaia kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pā.
Mālama ʻo Shepherdia i kona ʻano ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, nā lālā ikaika - ʻo ia ke ʻano he mea kanu kūpono no ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pā.
Liʻiliʻi nā lau, 5-7 cm lōʻihi, makika a pā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i mau pālua e kū pono ana i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka papa lau ka mea he elliptical a lanceolate, kūleʻa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kala i ka kala. Akā mai kahi mamao loa, ke kūleʻa nei paha ma muli o ka hele mai o nā unahi a i ʻole villi e hōʻike ana i ka lā. ʻO ka lalo o ka lau he pubescent, ʻoi aku ka maloʻo ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao i mua.
ʻO nā lau o ka hipaia he ʻōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi, akā ma muli o ka heleʻana o nā villi paʻa, e like me ka mea i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ke kala
ʻO ka pua ka ʻohana he mea ʻike ʻole loa i ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, ua pōmaikaʻi kāna mau pua. ʻO kēia mea kanu he mea kanu meli maikaʻi, e hoʻoili ana i nā mea hoʻomo polling i ke kahua. ʻO nā pua ʻeleʻele a i ʻole aila paha, ʻohi ʻia i loko o kahi palaahi a spike paha i ulu nā pua i pua ʻia i ka wā mua o ʻApelila, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ka pua me nā lau. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka pua i ka manawa, i loko o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa hebedoma. Kūkala lākou i ka wā e mahana ai ka ea ma kahi mahana o 7-9ºС.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā pua nani ke kapa ʻia he mau hiʻohiʻona a nānā i waho.
Aia ʻo Shepherdia nā kālai lāʻau dioecious. Kuhi ʻo kēia inā i kanu ʻia ʻaʻole wale e hoʻonani i ka māla, akā me ka manaʻo no ka hua aʻe o ka wā, pono pono e loaʻa nā mea kanu "wahine" a "kāne" ma kahi hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka 4: 1. ʻO ka mea hana hope he mea hana pollin. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka māhele o kahi ulu lāʻau e nānā ana i nā pua pua. I nā lāʻau "kāne", ʻoi aku lākou a nui a hoʻopuni ʻia; i loko o nā mea kanu "wahine", loaʻa iā lākou kahi kuhi kuhikuhi a ua kī paʻa ʻia i ka pana. ʻO nā pua "kāne" he mau pōpoki, hōʻailona lākou i ka hiki ʻana o nā stamens he nui.
Ua ʻike maopopo ka pua ʻōpio o ke kahuhipa i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pōpoki
ʻO ka hua o ke kahuhipa he medium-rahi (5-6 mm o ke anawaena) ʻanuʻu ʻona ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Uhaʻi ʻia kona ʻili me nā keʻokeʻo he nui, e like me ka hoʻōho o ka peʻe. No ia, eia ke kumu maʻamau, ʻaʻole kekahi maʻi exotic. Ka palupalu ka io, momona a me ka hāmi. Aia kekahi ʻiro manuahi hewa ʻole makemake ʻole ʻia o nā mea a pau e like me nā poʻe jellies, marshmallows, jams, compotes, likors, nā hoʻomākaukau ʻē aʻe e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ana mai nā huaʻai ma mua o kā lākou hou. ʻOiai ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hua i waiho ma ka lāʻau ma mua o ka huaʻio mua i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Shepherdia no ka hana ʻana i ka sauces - eia nō ka maʻa iki o ka acidity a me ka piquant tartness kahi mea maikaʻi loa.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka ʻāpana o nā hua a Shepherdia e nā kānaka a pau, akā he mea maikaʻi loa ia, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae
ʻAʻole e like me ka buckthorn moana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻiliʻili hipa. Ma hope o ka hau, ua lawa ka hohola ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻili a i ʻole nā nūpepa ma lalo o ka lāʻau. Hoʻopau nā huaʻai i ka hopena o ke kauwela, a hiki i kēia manawa paʻa paʻa ai lākou i nā lālā, ʻaʻole e hāʻule.
He olakino maikaʻi ke ʻona. ʻO ka mea mua, maopopo ʻo ia nā ʻano o nā kānaka o ʻAmelika Hikina. Aia ka nui o ka kahuʻi ma mua o ka nui o ka huaora C ma mua o ka lemona, ka buckthorn moana a me nā currant ʻeleʻele (a hiki i ka 250 mg). Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā waikawa organik, carotene, tannins, anthocyanins, vitamina A, E, R. Shepherdia kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo holoʻokoʻa o ke kino, hoʻoluliluli i ka wā kahiko, kōkua ia i ka hoʻoikaika kūleʻa, hakakā me nā maʻi maʻi, nā kulu, nā hoʻonaninani, ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi hypertension a me ka atherosclerosis. Aia kekahi i nā hua bile a me ka hopena diuretic. ʻO kā lākou haʻahaʻa kaloli he liʻiliʻi - wale 28 kcal no 100 g. ʻO ke wale nō ka maʻi, hiki i nā hua ke hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi pā. No laila, pono e hana ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana me ka makaʻala i ka poʻe ʻike mua e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka hoʻomākeʻakekau pilikino i kekahi huahana meaʻai.
I ka wā mālama wela, ʻaʻole i nalowale nā pōmaikaʻi o nā hua kahu hipa, no laila, hana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau ʻana mai ka hale, mai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā huaʻai, pau ka ʻano o ka astringency.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka kahu hipa e ke ʻano mua. ʻO ka manawa mua e kanu ai kahi mea kanu i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanuʻana i kahi hua kanu i ka lepo. ʻO kahi ulu lāʻau ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki e lawe i ka 12-15 kg o nā huaʻa. ʻO ka wana huahana neʻe ma ka liʻiliʻi o 30 mau makahiki, e kōkua ka mālama maʻalahi iā ia e hoʻonui i ia mau makahiki 50-60 mau makahiki. Me nā makahiki, hoʻonui wale ka hua, hiki i ka 40-50 kg.
He ʻokoʻa nā ka ʻona i loko o ka ʻāina ʻo Shepherdia ma mua o kēlā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hapa nui o ka ʻāpana o Rūsia. Hoʻolahalaha ka lulu ʻana i nā honu i -45 ° C me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino nui iā ia iho, kahi mea kūpono iā ia e kanu ai i Siberia, nā Urals, a me ka Far East. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pale ʻana ʻaʻole wale e nā wana, akā, nā keiki pū kekahi. Kuwē nā ʻōpio a me nā lau, e hānai nā ʻōpala ma hope o nā kihi o nā puna wai i hōʻino ʻia, aia ma kēia mau ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "pālei mahina", ʻaʻole kekahi o nā mea maʻamau.
He aha ka mea nui no nā māla, ʻaʻole i make ka mea kanu, nā maʻi bakteria a maʻi viral paha, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka pōpilikia i pili i ia mea. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ka mea kanu me ka lāʻau me nā pesticides a me nā insecticides, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi hua pāloli.
Nā ʻano nui ʻē aʻe
ʻEkolu wale nō mau ʻelele ma ka ʻohana Shepherdian. ʻO ka ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua makemake nui ia i kēia mea kanu i kēia manawa, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma ka kanu ʻana o nā ʻano huaola nui. Eia nō hoʻi ka mea hiki ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻokele iā Shepherdia me ka buckthorn moana. ʻIke ʻia kēia kuhikuhi i kahi hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa - hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i ka hua a me ka nui o ka loko o ka nui o loko o ka lawehala me ka pale a ka poʻe kahu hipa i nā maʻi, nā pōʻino, nā kime a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
I ka manawa pinepine ma nā māla hiki ke ʻike i ke kahu hipaia (S. argentea). He kumulāʻau lāʻau-like kēia me nā lālā spiny, a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5-6 m. ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻōpala'ōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōpiopio e hoʻololi malie i ka kala i ka taupe. ʻO nā lau liʻiliʻi, 3-5 cm ka lōʻihi, i ke ʻano o kahi ellipse me kahi kuʻina kuhikuhi. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ke kala. Nā huaʻai me ka laula o 5-6 mm a me ke kaupaona e like me 0.5-0.7 g. Hoʻomala lākou i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻoiai lākou e loaʻa ana i kahi ʻano kiʻi i Iulai.
Loaʻa ka kahu hipa kālā ma nā kīlea i nā manawa pinepine.
Aia nā pua hoʻoulu me nā hua melemele kukui - Xanthocarpa a me Goldeneye. Akā ʻo kēia mau pōmaikaʻi hou o ka mea puaʻa, i kēia manawa hiki i ka wā ākea ka wehe wehe. He paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou.
Nā wikiō: he aha ke kala kala kālā ke ʻano
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ke kahuhikoa Kanada (S. canadensis) i ka noho pio ʻana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hōʻole maikaʻi ʻole - ka haʻalele ʻana o nā poho, akā hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi hana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi he liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele-melemele, kahi aneane ʻole ʻono. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka pā i ka ulu ulu ʻana, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe loa he 1.5-2.5 m. ʻO nā lau kahi i hina hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoliva paha, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻomo pūpū.
ʻO ka hana nui ma ke kahu hipa ʻo Kanada, ʻo ia ka haʻalele ʻana o nā kakalaioa, akā ua ʻai iki nā hua.
ʻO ka mea hope loa o ka moʻomeheu he kahu hipa-leaved (S. rotundifolia). ʻO kēia kahi lāʻau endemile i loaʻa i ke ʻano kūlohelohe wale i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Colorado. ʻAʻole kaʻokoʻa ma ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ke kanu ʻana i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina o Lūkia. Ua uhi ʻia kona mau lau me nā ulu liʻiliʻi, e like me ka warts, aia ma nā lālā lahilahi. Ma ka manawa like, he ʻiʻo lākou, no laila, ma lalo o ko lākou paona, ke nānā aku nei nā wana i ka lepo, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi kaile maikaʻi. He liʻiliʻi nā pua, ʻekele. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia nā hua.
Shepherdia rotundifolia - kahi mea kanu endemy ma Colorado ʻaʻole ia i ka hau kūlohelohe, kahi mea ke pale ʻole i kona neʻe ʻana i waena o nā māla aloha
Pehea e kanu ai i kahi kanu
He lama kolohe ʻo Shepherdia. Hōʻike hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka hemahema o ka lepo. Kūpono ʻia no ia mea he one loam, a he loamy lepo - maikaʻi loa a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. Akā hiki ke ulu ma kahi ʻaʻole i hiki i kahi moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe ke ola. Loaʻa kūloʻo Shepherdia a hua i nā hua ma ke one, rocky, saline soils. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o nā kumu o ka mea kanu aia he mau puka liʻiliʻi - nā ipu o nā huakini kūikawā. Mahalo iā lākou, hāʻawi ʻo Pastia iā ia iho me ka haukapila, "huki" mai waho mai o ka ea. ʻAʻole wale kahi substrate kaumaha (lepo, lepo, peat) e kūpono iā ia.
Hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana kumu o ka mea kanu, akā hoʻomohala ʻia. No laila, hiki ke kanuʻia nā lāʻau ma nā puʻu i lalo, nā pali, nā pali. Hiki iā ia ke pale pono i kēia mau ʻāina mai ka luku.
Manea ʻia e koho i kahi ākea no ka kahu hipa. Pahu maikaʻi ka wela a me ka lā i ka hopena a me ke ʻano o nā huaʻa. ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi ʻole kekahi haʻahaʻa, ʻohi lākou i ka wai a me ka ea anu. Eia nō hoʻi, mai kanu i nā kahu hipa kahi i kokoke mai ai ka wai hohonu i ka maka ma mua o ka mita. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka stagnation o ka umauma ka aneane wale nō ka koi o ka mea kanu, pono ia e hoʻolohe iā ia. Pono nō hoʻi he pāpaʻa ma kahi mamao e pale aku ai i ka ulu lāʻau mai nā ʻeleʻele o ka makani anuanu, akā ʻaʻole ia he koi mua.
He hopena maikaʻi ka wela a me ka lā i ka nui a me ka ʻono o nā hua hipaia
ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e pae ma kahi ulu, hiki i ka Urals a me Siberia ka pūnāwai. He ʻano ʻole ka laha i kēia mau ʻāina; hiki koke mai ke hoʻoilo. Ke kanu nei i ka wā o ka ʻohi, pono ʻoe e maopopo pono i ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua mau mahina i waiho ʻia ma mua o ka huaʻio mua. No kahi hua huakaʻi, lawa kēia manawa e "hoʻopiʻi i ke kaumaha" a hoʻololi i nā kūlana ola hou.
Ke kanu i nā mea kanu i ka manawa like, mālama ʻia ka lōʻihi o 1.8-2 m ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka mea wale nō ke kahu hipa, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i pā. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka lālepū ma 0.5 m.
Pono e kūʻai ʻia nā hua kanu hipa i nā hale kūʻai loea a i ʻole nā mea kanu manuahi, ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu
ʻO ka hohonu hohonu o ka lua hoʻoheheʻe he 0.5-0.75 m. He mea aʻoaʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau i mua, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10-12 mau lā ma mua o ke kaʻina hana. I kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻohui i ka 10-15 lita o ka manure i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole humus, kahi pahu lita o ka lehu lāʻau ʻāmiʻu, e kāwili ana i nā mea kanu me ka papa o luna o ka honua i kāʻili ʻia mai ka lua (ka mua 10-15 cm). A laila pono ʻoe e uhi i ka lua me kahi mea wai ʻole, no ka laʻana, kahi ʻāpana o ka pā.
ʻAʻole pono kahi e hana i kahi lua hohonu no ka kahu hipa, mea paʻa ke ʻano kumu o ka mea kanu
ʻAʻohe mea paʻakikī i ka pae ʻana i ka lepo. ʻOkoʻa kēia kaila no ka hipaia no ka lāʻau hua a me nā hua ʻai.
- ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kumu e nānā mau nei, maloʻo a make ke aʻa. Pono ke olakino olakino 2-3 cm, me ke kī ʻole ʻana i nā nodules.
- Kolo ʻia nā aʻa o Shepherdia no 3-4 mau hola ma kahi pahu o ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka potassium permanganate (i kahi pua pink hue) a i ʻole kekahi biostimulant (Epin, Heteroauxin, potassium humate, succinic acid) i loko, me ka hoʻomākaukau o ka hoʻonā e like me nā ʻōlelo.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu ma ka puʻu o ka ʻāina a hoʻopaʻa pololei i nā aʻa, kuhikuhi iā lākou. ʻO ka mālama pono e mālama ʻia ʻaʻole e hōʻino i nā nodules.
- Ua uhi ʻia ka lua kanu me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka honua, e uha mau ana i ka hua kanu. ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻohui pono i ka substrate, pono e hoʻomau ka lepo.
- ʻO ka wai kīʻaha ma luna me ka i ka lapalapa o 50-70 cm ua hoʻoulu nui ʻia, e hoʻopau ana i 25-30 lita o ka wai. A hoʻohuolo ʻia, hoʻomāwili ʻia kēia wahi me ka ʻōpala peat, humus, ʻokiʻoki hou ka lau, a me ka lāʻau pala.
- Kahi ʻia nā wana o nā wā e pili ana i kahi hapakolu e hoʻoikaika hou i ka branching.
Hoʻomaka ʻole ka mea kanu mea kanu i ka lepo ma mua o kahi kaʻina like ʻole no nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau
Kahu hipa
Hāpai ka hānai iā ia e nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā ʻano hana. I ka manawa like, loaʻa nā lāʻau i nā hua i hoʻoili ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mea kanu "makua". ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā hybred bred e ka ulu ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ma ka Lūkini.
ʻO ka līlū hua
ʻOhi ʻia nā hua kanu hipa i kā lākou ponoʻī, e wili ana i ka pulupulu o nā hua nui i loko o ka pulima. A laila e kau pono ka ipu me lākou i ka lā.Ke maloʻo ka pulima, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia nā hua.
He mea maʻalahi nā hōʻiliʻili hipa i hōʻiliʻili na lākou iho, makemake ʻia e kanu iā lākou i ka makahiki hoʻokahi i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai
Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ka wā o ka pua e like ai, ma luna o ka manawa, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ka germination. I nā hua i kohi ʻia i loko o ka manawa like, he 80% ia. ʻAʻole kūpono ia ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻāina i ka makahiki mua o Nowemapa. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā mea kanu "kāne" a "wahine" i waena o nā hua i loaʻa i ka mea like, no laila ʻaʻohe pono o ka hopohopo no kēia.
- Hāpai ʻia nā hua kanu i kanu ʻia ma kahi ākea. ʻAʻole pono lākou i ka hohonu hohonu, lawa wale ka 2-3 cm.Aa kahi hale māhu hoʻokeo ʻole i kūpono no kēia kumu. I mea e nalowale i ka pae ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke eli i kahi pahu liʻiliʻi i ka lepo i mua. ʻO kahi mana hou aʻe no kēia stratification kūlohelohe ʻo ka wā lōpiopio no nā wiki he 6-8 ma kahi mahana o 0-2 ° C. I kēia hihia, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka lepo i ʻApelila a i Mei paha, akā he haʻahaʻa kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.
- Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu me ka pitonu a i ʻole humus, e hoʻomohala ana i kahi ʻōpiopio 8-10 cm ka nui o ka wā e hāʻule ai ka hau, ua ninini ʻia kahi hau ma ka moena.
- Pono nā pua mua i nā makahiki he ʻelua o ʻApelila I ka wā mālama, mālama ʻia nā mea kanu ma nā lāʻau pākeke. A hiki i ka hopena o Iulai, e pono e hana i ka 2-3 ʻo ka mahi ʻana me ka maniua a me ke kōnuola - e hoʻihoʻi nei i ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
- Ma ka hopena o ka wā o ka ʻohiʻohi, hiki i nā mea kanu ke kiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o 12-15 cm. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka wahi i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili mua mai ka kahu hipa mai i nā huaʻa ke hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia i nā makahiki 5-6, akā hiki i kēia wā ke kū i nā makahiki 8-10.
Ua kanu nā hua kanu hipa i kahi ākea ma mua o ka hoʻoilo e hōʻike i nā kūleʻa maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o nā mea e hoʻoulu ma ka home
ʻO ka pīpī ma nā lau ʻala
Ua loaʻa i ka kahu hipa nā hua ma mua o 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ka huki ʻana. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōpala waiwai ma kahi mamao o 1.5-2 m mai ka lāʻau laʻala. ʻOi aku kahi iʻike maikaʻi loa ʻia nā lua he ʻelua makahiki ʻelua.
ʻO ka hana hou e hoʻohana ai i nā peʻa basal kahi ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano ponoʻī iā ia iho. Hoʻopili mālie ʻia nā mea kanu mai ka lepo me nā aʻa.
- Kipi i ka lepo, hoʻokaʻawale kaʻawale mai ka lāʻau makuahine. Pono e hana e like me ka liʻiliʻi e like me ka liʻiliʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā aʻa.
- ʻO nā ʻeha i hōʻeha ʻia e ka hua, ua pīpī ʻia, kāpīpī ʻia me ka ʻōpala ʻia, hoʻāla ʻia, ʻūhā lāʻau, sineed leʻa, ʻami.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā papa i kahi i koho ʻia, hoʻōla ʻia pono ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole wela loa ke alanui, ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā hue plastik i ʻoki ʻia. I ka wela wela, pale ʻia nā mea kanu me ka uhi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ke puka hou aku nei nā lau hou, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pā.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana
ʻO ka ʻoki a ke kahu hipa ke poʻo a i ʻole waena paha o ka pana i ke aniani he 10-12 cm lōʻihi. Hoʻokiʻoki iā lākou ma ke kihi o kahi 45º. He mea makemake ia e lignified; e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki i ka lipi. Hiki iā ʻoe keʻoki i nā mea kanu i ka manawa, akā ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kēia ka hopena o Iulai a i ʻole ka hapalua mua o Iulai.
Ka mea ʻokiʻoki ʻo ka kahu hipa i kūpono no ka hoʻopuʻi - nā wīwī o nā pua makahiki
- Hoʻomaʻewa ʻia ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka pana i kahi lā i kahi lā ma kahi hoʻonā o nā mea hoʻoulu iʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pīpī maʻalahi me ka paukū Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Zircon.
- Hoʻopiha nā ipu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kīʻaha paha i piha i ka lepo kūpaʻa no nā mea kanu. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka substrate.
- Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i ka lepo, i ka hohonu o 3-4 cm i kahi kihi o 60º. Inā pono, e hōʻoki i nā lau haʻahaʻa. E kāpīpī i ka lepo me kahi kāwele o ke anane o ke one (1-2 cm). Pono ia e hana i ka hopena lālama ma ka waiho ʻana i nā ipu i loko o nā ʻeke, e uhi ʻia iā lākou me nā pahu aniani a ʻokiʻoki i nā hue plastik. I kēlā me kēia lā no 5-10 mau minuke, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahi e pale ai i ka kaohi ʻana.
- Hāʻawi ʻia nā papa me nā kukui pālahalaha māmā no nā hola 8-10 i ka lā a me kahi mahana o 22-25 ° C, e hāʻawi i nā aʻa i nā lā 20-25. Eia kekahi, pono lākou e pīpī ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā me ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻāina e maloʻo; ʻoki hōʻoki ʻia ka lā ma luna o lākou.
- I ka hopena o Kepakemapa a i ʻole ma ka makahiki mua o ʻOkakopa, ua hoʻohua ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā wahi paʻa.
Hoʻokomo ka ʻohana i nā ʻokiʻoki ma ke ʻano like me nā hua pua ʻokoʻa.
Mālama mālama Shrub
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ke kahuhipa e lawe aku ia mai ka mea mālama i ka manawa liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻoikaika. ʻO nā mea ʻike ʻole i loko o ka pāna kūpono e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana ʻana i kāna māla.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka kahu hipa e ka hau a me ka make i ke anuanu, hiki i ke ʻano o ka lepo. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia i kahi no ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ua kūlohelohe. ʻOiai ʻo ia e pane aloha me ka wai hoʻohuihui a me nā lole i luna a hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a me nā minela.
Hoʻopau ka kahu hipa i nā kīwaha ʻoi loa me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino, no laila, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi o ka hoʻoilo
Pono nā mea kanu i ka wai i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu a me ka ʻoki ʻana o nā hua. No laila, inā he kauwela a wela ke kauwela, e pono e inu i ka kahu hipa i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā 8-10, e hoʻolimalima i ka 25-30 lita ma kahi lāʻau ʻoihana.
Hiki maikaʻi ke kahu hipa i ka ua kūlohelohe, akā, ʻo ka hoʻōla maʻamau ma ka wā kauwela he hopena maikaʻi ia i ka huahana
I kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ka hoʻoinu a ua ka ua, pono e hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu ʻōhumu o ka hipa hipa, akā ʻauhau. He mea nui hoʻi ka lau ʻana pinepine. Lawe ke oʻo i nā meaʻai ponoʻai mai ka mea kanu a hoʻopilikia me kahi maʻi maʻamau. E mālama pono i ka manawa ma ka weed e kōkua i ka mulching. ʻO nā wana basal, inā ʻaʻohe pono o ka mea kanu, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka ʻoka ʻana i ka lepo a kanu i nā aʻa. ʻAʻohe "Hemp" i haʻalele i ka haʻalele.
ʻElua a ʻekolu paha mau manawa i ka manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka lole o luna. I ka pūnāwai, pono ke kanu lāʻau. Hiki ke kuʻi ʻia ka manure a i ʻole nā pūkele (15-20 l) i hoʻohele ʻia ma luna o ka ʻōpala kokoke, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate (10-15 g no 10 l o ka wai) a i kahi infusion o kāʻuleka mauʻu, nā lau dandelion (a i nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO Urea, e like me nā maniua o ka waihona o ka nitrogen, hoʻoulu i ka mea kanu e kūkulu i ka nui o ka pua, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka pūnāwai
I ka wā o ka hana a me ka ʻūhū ʻana i ka hua, hānai ʻia nā ka lāʻau me ka fosfor a me ka pāhare (25-30 g o ka superphosphate maʻalahi a me ka pāhana nitratate no 10 l o ka wai). ʻO kahi ʻano kūlohelohe kahi infusion o ka lehu lāʻau (1 pāpaʻi wai o 3 lita o ka wai anuanu). Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻike hou ʻia ke kapa like like. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mākaukau paʻakikī (ABA, Autumn).
ʻO ka lehu lāʻau - kahi kumu kūlohelohe o ka potassium a me ka phosphorus
Hoʻohālikelike ka kahu hipa e ka ulu a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka branching, no laila ke kaʻina hana i kauoha ʻia no ka mālama pono ʻana. E nānā nui nā mea kanu i ka neater a me nā mea hou aku. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kaupalena i ke kiʻekiʻe i ka 2-2.5 m, e hōʻoki ana i nā wana ʻaoʻao i nā lālā mua. Mālama kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili. Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia hana i kēlā me kēia 3-5 mau makahiki.
Ke ulu nei ʻoe i ka pākeke, e emi ana ka nui o ka ulu, no kēlā me kēia 7-8 mau makahiki, pono ka kahu hipa i kahi hōʻeuʻeu. Pau nā ʻōpio āpau i ʻoi aku ma mua o kēia makahiki ua pau loa, ʻoki ʻia ke koena e ka ulu ʻana o nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki. Ke hāpai nei i ka ulu lāʻau e hoʻomohala hou aku ai, kōkua i ka ulu o ka huahana a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hua.
No ka ʻoki ʻana i ka kahu hipa mea hoʻohana wale ʻia a me ka hana pono
ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ke lawe ʻia nei ka hiʻona o ka maʻemaʻe, me ke kaʻoki ʻana i ka uhaʻi, maloʻo a paʻa ʻole i loaʻa ka hopena, kahi i alakaʻi ʻia a hāō i lalo i ka lei, nā kuʻi pua.
Hōʻike nā māla
ʻO nā hua o ka kahu hipaia, ma koʻu ʻike wau, he ʻono a ʻono hoʻi, kākau ʻia kēia i nā kumu āpau. Akā ʻo ka mea pili o ka kahu hipa kālā - ʻo ka mea kahu hipa o Kanaka - ua loaʻa maoli nā hua ʻawaʻawa.
Haku nā pua//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
Ua like ka hipa like me ka buckthorn kai, me ka ʻono, e like me ka huli ʻana no ka ʻōpala - ʻo hoʻokahi wale nō ka ʻohana a ʻo ke ʻano o ka hua - ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe.
serov vladimir//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
Ua ulu wau i ke kahu hipa no nā makahiki ʻelua i kēia manawa. Me nā pua ʻoi a manuahi, ʻaʻole pua.
Kaumakaiwa//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=290565
I kēlā me kēia makahiki kaʻu ʻohi ʻana i ke kahuhipa. ʻO ka ʻele, kokoke i ka Berry berry: momona, ʻono aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻala ʻōlelo, akā he iki iki. He mea minamina kēia berry, akā makemake wau ia, hoʻopuka wau i ka nui a ʻai i ka hoʻoilo, e like me nā hua. I ko mākou'āina, ʻaʻole e ulu i ka hipaia me nā lāʻau ʻekolu mau mika a, ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi o nā huaʻa, ua like like me ka ivushka.
Lyudmila I//otvet.mail.ru/question/171230749
ʻO ka kahu hipa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea kanu dioecious. Hiki ke hūnā ʻia nā mea kanu kāne a wahine paha na nā pua pua: i nā kāne a ua puni lākou, nui, i loko nā wāhine - kuhikuhi, liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pua pua ma nā wana a me nā wā hoʻomau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pua i nā inflorescences hope spike. ʻO ka pīpī ma loko o ka hipaia, a me nā mea e pili ana i nā wai ʻawaʻawa a me ka buckthorn kai, ke kūwaha, ka hē a me ka hipaia i ʻōmaʻapeʻa ʻia, ua ʻoki ʻia ka makani. Ua loaʻa iaʻu nā mea kanu o nā kāne like ʻole, he liʻiliʻi lākou, ma ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole e hoʻonui koke.
Peregrina//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
E like me ke buckthorn kai, he mea kanu dioecious ka kahu hipa. No ka lōkahi hua, pono ke loaʻa ka wahine a me ke kanu kāne. No kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ua pua a ulu nā mea kanu wahine o Shepherdia, i hui pū ʻia i ka buckthorn kai, ma muli o ka nalowale o kahi mea kanu kāne, ʻo ka ovary, ʻoiai ua puka, akā hāʻule koke. ʻAʻole kūpono ia hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o ka hipaia, ua paʻa loa ia i ka hau, ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻole o ka palu, ʻaʻole i pau i nā mea maʻi.
Sergey Lazurchenko//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
ʻO wau iho, ʻo koʻu manaʻo ke makemake ʻoe e mālama i ka hipaia no nā hua waina, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe! ʻO ka ʻono ʻo ia, ma ke kumu, he mea leʻaleʻa, akā ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o nā Suckers e hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia mai ia mai. Inā ʻoe e mālama, 'o nā kohi' ia wale nō, ma 'ano he' maʻamau 'ia' o wau, ohi 'ohi i nā mea a pau i hiki ai a' aʻole hiki i kāna pūnaewele.
Nikolay mai Samara//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Ke koi nei ka kahu hipa ʻaʻole pono ka lilo ʻana o ka manawa kūpono a me nā hana mai ka māla mahiʻai. He lawa lawa e hāʻawi iā ia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka makaʻala, no laila ʻo ka ulu lāʻau no nā makahiki he nui i hoʻonani ʻia i ka māla. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea kanu no kona helehelena hoihoi, ʻano like ʻole a me nā loaʻa o nā hua. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o kona kaulana. Ke hoʻolaha laha nei ʻo Shepherdia ma Rūsia. He hiki iā ia ke haʻalele i ka pā kīhāpai, no ka laʻana, o ka buckthorn moana.
