ʻO nā makana wai kauwela: nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kauwela o nā puna

ʻO ka pī ka hua hypoallergenic waiwai me nā microelements a me nā huaora i ka lōʻihi o ka wā i noho ai i nā wahi o ka hapa nui o nā māla me ka ʻike nui e ulu ana nā hua. Ka mea pohihihi a me ka ʻono, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waha a me ka crispy, ka ʻaila a me ka tart - ʻo ia wale nō e pili ana iā ia. Ua hānai nā hua kanu he mau haneli mau makahiki i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā ulu i nā kahu hānai i nā hale mālamaʻai ma nā wahi hema, ma waena o ka waena o Rūsia, ma Urals a me Siberia, Ukraine a me Belarus. ʻO nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka moʻomeheu hua e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e kūpono i loko o ke kīhāpai a hāʻawi i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

He aha ka ʻano o ka hua?

ʻO kahi kumulāʻau lāʻau lōʻihi me nā lau palaka a me nā hua kupanaha maoli i hikiʻole iā ʻoe ke kānalua me kekahi hua ʻē aʻe - kahi huila kēia. He maʻa mau nā kūpuna o kēia mea kanu i ke ola ʻana i ke anuanua o kahi maninilana, ʻano mauʻaina a me ka hoʻopuka ma ka wao, ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā pāpū, nā mālamā māmā a hiki i nā pali mauna. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻano kūlohelohe o kēia moʻomeheu hua ma nā ʻāpana o East Asia a me Eurasian. Kahuia ka hopena o Asia Minor, ʻApelika ʻAlepika, ʻ Easternlelo a me Southesia ʻEulopa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pī mai ka lua ma ke kai liʻiliʻi, kahi mea ikaika e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ea anu a me nā ea ʻana. ʻO ka mākaʻi ma ka ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻenehana ʻo Kina, Iapana, kahi i lōʻihi ai ka huli ʻana mai kahi māla mai ka lewa hihiu i mea kanu mea kanu.

ʻO ka wehewehe

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he mau ʻoi aku ka ulu o nā orchards peni ma mua o ka 3 mau tausani mau makahiki i ka makahiki i loko o ka Mediterranean. Pia - hua lāʻau lōʻihi lōʻihi, hiki i kona makahiki ke hiki aku i 300 mau makahiki; hua lāʻau - no 50-70 makahiki. Loaʻa nā lei ākea i nā lei aliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​lei aliʻi i loaʻa i nā mea kanu lāʻau, me ka pyramidal, pyramidal, elongated a me nā lei aliʻi. No kēia mea kanu nā lālā dicotyledonous, pua, rosaceae kauoha, ʻohana pink (Rosaceae Juss.), Huaʻai Pear (lat. Pyrus).

Aia ma waena o 60 mau ʻano lāʻau kēia mau hua lāʻau a ma kahi o 3,000 mau ʻano o ka honua, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia i ke ʻano o ka ʻūhū ʻana, nā hōʻailona o nā hua o nā hua a me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana he 25-30 mika, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka pāpale he 3.5-7 mau mika. Loaʻa nā Shrubs i waena o nā mea kuʻi o ka genus Pyrus. Hoʻolaha ka māla i ka mea kanu, ma o ka huakena a me nā hua, ua pollated me ke kōkua o nā pepeke.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i nā kūlana o nā māla like ʻole, makemake ka pā i ka momona, nā lepo lepo. Hoʻopau ka lāʻau paila i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei no 1.5 a 2 mau pule. Hoʻomaka ka wā hua i ka 3-4 makahiki o ke ola kanu.

ʻO nā Serbs i kapa ʻia i ka pī kahi hale pule - mai ka huaʻōlelo "kiʻekiʻe" - "kiʻekiʻe aʻe, kiʻekiʻe aʻe" a pule i lalo o ia i ke Akua, i ka ʻōlelo ʻana: "ʻO Grushenka koʻu halepule."

Palapala: nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu hortikultural

Kohi nā pua pua i ka pale (hema), loaʻa i nā hua melemele, kukui pulp (ʻākau)

Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o nā kauwela kauwela e ka nui o ka hua a me ka hoʻomanawanui, akā ke koi nei ma ke kapa o luna, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana me nā mea pale ʻole e mālama ai i ka hua.

Ma waena o nā ʻano pihi e ʻūhū i ke kauwela, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kanu me nā hua lōʻihi, no ka laʻana, ka like ʻole o nā keiki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hauʻoli i kēia pōpō mai ke waenganui-Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. He nui nā aniani e like me ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka hua - i ke kauwela a puni ʻo Bashkir i hui ʻia a me ka pia me nā hua māla Rudyanaya Kedrina. ʻO nā lālani ma waena o nā ʻano kauwela o kēia mau lā - ʻo Cathedral a me Lada - kū i ka scab a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole a hāʻule ʻole.

Me kaHe mea pono ia e ʻike i waena o nā poʻe kāwela e ʻā ana i ke kauwela, he nui nā hua lāʻau haʻahaʻa-haʻalulu, a me ke ʻano (no ka laʻana, ʻo Duchess ke kauwela, Bere Ardanpon, ʻōmole kakahiaka), i ka ulu mua - hoʻomaka e hua i ka hua ma ka makahiki 3-4.

ʻO nā ʻano peʻa kauwela kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole:

• ma muli o ke kuauhau o ka hoʻoili ʻana, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka hema, i nā wahi noʻonoʻo a i nā ʻāpana ʻākau;
• ka momona huakai, he hapa pono iho a he maʻi palupalu;
• i ke ʻano a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huaʻai (ka pōʻai a me ka oval; momona, ʻono a me ka tart);
• mua a hānai i nā hua ma hope o 5 mau makahiki a
• e ke ʻano o ka lei (pyramidal a me ka poʻo) a me ka ulu lāʻau;

Loaʻa a me nā ponoʻole

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano kauwela he precocious. Hoʻopaule nā ​​hua mua ma mua o nā hua pōhaku ʻē aʻe ma ka māla. No laila, ʻomo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i nā huaʻai i ka papa ʻaina kauwela i ulu i loko o kāu māla. I ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela kauwela, hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa iā ʻoe iho a me nā mea aloha me ka poʻe aloha mua me ka ʻole ke kali ʻana i nā lau o ka pua (e like me ka wā ma hope o nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano).

ʻO nā mea hemaʻole o ka nui o nā kauwela mua i loko o ka papa ʻaina pōkole o nā meli hua - ʻo nā ʻiʻo o ia ʻano pīpī me ka wikiwiki, e like me ka "i kā ʻia ʻia," a me nāʻeleʻele. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu i kahi mahana o +3 +7 ° C. ʻO nā wai a Iulai a ʻAukake e hoʻomaka i kahi palupalu ma hope o ka hebedoma, akā makemake lākou no ka mālama a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i loko o ka hōʻalo. ʻO kekahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano kauwela - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua o kēia mau ʻano momona ma mua o nā waena waena a me nā hopena o hope. Nānā lōʻihi ka poʻe Breeders - mahalo ka poʻe māla i ka wā aloha a aloha i nā hua ʻōpio mua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pears.

ʻO nā mea nui o nā ʻano kauwela o ke kauwela me kahi wehewehe a me keʻano

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kauwela kauwela i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu e like me ka manawa o ka hua ʻana:

1. Nā kakahiaka hoʻolauleʻa.
2. Ke kauwela.
3. ʻO ka hopena o ke kauwela.

ʻAe mau ke ʻano o ke kauwela mua i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai, ua ʻūhū nā lua o ke kauwela mai ka hopena o Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. A hāʻawi i nā ʻēʻī o ke kauwela i ka mea kanu nui i ka hopena kauwela, i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa. I waena o nā ʻaina o ke kauwela, ʻo ka hapanui ka mea maʻamau - kūpono i ka ʻai hou a no ka mālama a me ka hoʻōla (hoʻomaloʻo, hoʻomaloʻo, hana i nā'ōmaʻomaʻo). Aia ma lalo iho nā ʻano like like ʻole o nā pears, i ulu ʻia i waenakonu o ke kenekulia hope a kanu ʻia i nā wahi like o ko mākou ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili mua mai nā ʻano hana ʻē ʻia mai Iulai 5 a 20.

• Ke hoʻomaka nei ke kauwela o Bashkir i ke kakahiaka nui (i ka makahiki mua o Iulai) i loko o ka manawa o ka makahiki 6. ʻO nā hua momona i hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻono ʻono maikaʻi ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o 100 g, ʻoiai ka ʻiʻo maloʻo, mālama ʻia lākou a hiki i ʻelua pule; he ʻano nui nā ʻano. Kūweliweli kūʻiʻo i ka pala a me ka scab, ulu pinepine i nā wahi me ke anuanu. ʻO ka huahana ka 9-16 t / g, ka pā ka mea kanu ponoʻī.
  

  Kūleʻa ka kauwela Bashkir ma ka māhele Volga a me nā Urals
• Hoʻomaka ka waena waena o Iulai mai Iulai 10 a me Iulai 15, ua hoʻomāhuahua i ka hoʻomanawanui o ka lāʻau. He hua nui ka lāʻau, ʻae i ka hoʻoilo me ka ʻole o nā pilikia ma waena o Rūsia, nā Kuban a me ke South, huʻakaʻe nā huehue a mālama ʻia a hiki i 10 lā mau lā. E komo i ka hua i loko o ka makahiki 6, ʻo ia mau mea a pau pono. ʻO kekahi o nā minuke o kēia ʻano mea, ʻo nā hua momona me ka pulupulu keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku i ka 180-200 kg / ha). ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka lāʻau i ka hōʻeha.
  

  ʻAʻole nui nā hua o Iulai i mua, akā he ʻala a ʻala.

• Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hua i ka hua mua o ka Sergeev ma mua o Iulai - ʻomo me ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻono ʻono maikaʻi i mālama ʻia no nā pule. Holoi ana i waena o nā waiwai e loaʻa ana iā Bere Giffard a me Panna; hoʻomaka ka hua i ka makahiki 6-7, akā ʻaʻole ia i ʻokoʻa i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe (75 c / ha), huʻa nā hua i ka lā 5 Iulai 5 a mālama ʻia no hoʻokahi pule. Aia kahi pale palekana e scab a koi pono i kahi pāpā hou aʻe e hoʻonui ai i nā huahana.
  

  Hoʻopilikia ka Sergeeva rekdo e ka scab a me ka maʻi bacterial

• I ka la waena o Iulai, i Central Russia a me ka ʻāina Volga, ua ʻano pālahalaha like ʻole nā ​​kaila no nā keiki me nā hua liʻiliʻi (60-70 g) i nā hua melemele melemele he ʻono maikaʻi, ʻono wale; ʻoi aku ka momona momona hou; hoʻokaʻawale iho nāu iho, kahi a ka laha o nā ʻano koho e hoʻonui i ka lawe. ʻO ka ʻōpū paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo. ʻAe like ka nui o ka ʻano a hoʻomaka ʻole e nā maʻi ʻoi. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 50 kg / ha.
  

  Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai momona wai Juicy no nā ʻano kamaliʻi
• ʻO nā mākua o nā pakanui hae e hoʻomaka ana ʻo Kaukanu ka Williams a me ka Lyubimitsa Klappa ke kumu kiʻekiʻe, i loko o nā hale kauwela kauwela. Ma muli kēia huaʻai momona. Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohua i ka hua i ka makahiki 3-4, nā hua mua (ma ke kau ʻana iā 150 g) me ka momona, peni pāwī a me kahi ʻono maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka waenakonu o Iulai - he ʻano ʻatikala. Hoʻomaka ka huahana mai kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi 75 kg.
  

  ʻO nā huaʻai o ka pōkole ʻo Moldavian mua e mākaukau no ke ohi ʻana i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake

Lāʻau: Nā Kūleʻa Kūleʻa Hoʻolaha Ma mua

ʻO nā kuʻuna kauwela, ʻo ka hua lahilahi o ka hua e ulu ana i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake, ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hui varietal ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā ʻōlima poli maʻamau nā kauwela maʻamau i nā plots home, i hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka make a me ka hūnā makemake.

• ʻO ka Hāpulepule i ke kauwela mua makahiki ʻo S.P. Kedrin i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia hope (Bergamot Volga a me Williams). Ma luna o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me ka lei pale pyramidal, ulu nā hua liʻiliʻi (80-150 g) i ulu. ʻO ka momona a me nā momona me nā pulpika melemele i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki mua o ʻAukake, mālama ʻia ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana a hiki i ʻelua pule. Hōʻike ka huahana i kahi lāʻau pākeke (10 mau makahiki) i 120 kg. Kahi ke kūleʻa o scab. ʻO ka hala hope i loko o ka wā kanu (i ka makahiki 9) ʻo ia wale nō ka hemahema o nā ʻano.
  

  Mākaukau nā hua mua o ka Mīkini Kauoha no ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka hopena o Iulai

• ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi o Esperin lāua ʻo Gliva, ua loaʻa i nā mea hānai aku iā Iukukūlato i kāna kauwela a ʻAukake i wā kauwela - Mliyevskaya i ke kakahiaka nui. Loaʻa pinepine ka lāʻau ʻula nui me nā hua hua i Ukraine a me ke kūkulu hema o Rūsia, ma Latvia. I nā hua nui (90-150 g), ʻōmole ka ʻoniʻoni, semi-aila, momona. Mālama ʻia ka poʻe pia o kēia hākī kulu-maloʻo i kahi wahi maikaʻi no ka ʻelua mau mahina. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pale i ke kanā o nā maʻi baki a ua manaʻo ʻia he hapa pono iho.
  

  Nui loa ka mālama ʻana ʻo Mliyevskaya - a hiki i 2 mau mahina

• Nā lāʻau nui o ke kauwela o Oryol e leʻaleʻa i ka māla me ka ʻohi mua i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Mālama i nā huaʻai ikaika, nā ʻona (180-250 g) i kahi mea hou no 10 mau lā. ʻAʻole koi kēia pila i nā kūlana kime a kanu maikaʻi ʻia ma ka Central Black Earth Region and i ka North-West of Russia. Hoʻohālike ʻia ka lāʻau me ka wā kahiko (ʻo nā huehue mua i ka makahiki 3-4), akā he manawa pōkole loa he mau lā 2-3 mau pule. Hoʻopuka a hiki i ka 127 kg / ha, i kanu ʻia ma hope o nā hoʻohālikelike koko e hoʻonui ai i nā huahana.
  

  Hoʻokahi wale paha hebedoma e mālama ai i ka momona a me ke ola hou o ke kauwela o Oryol
• Hoʻohui ʻo Sredneroslaya Lada i nā hiʻohiʻona qualitative o nā ʻanoʻelua - Forest Beauty a Olga. ʻO ka palu kekahi mahele kūwaho (pollinators - Rogneda, Chizhovskaya) a no ka makahiki 3-4 ke ʻae nei ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ai i ka hua mua. ʻO nā ʻio (120-140 g) me ka peni pīpī, melekele he melemele nā ​​mea nalo nāwaliwali, pohihihi ke hina ʻana, akā mālama ʻia no nā lā he 10, i loko o kahi lumi maloʻo - a hiki i 60 lā. ʻO ka paleʻana i nā maʻi he awelika, kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī paʻakikī. No ka makahiki 5, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili he 140 kg / ha.
  

  ʻO ke ʻano Lada he kū i ke kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā maʻi

• Ma Belarus, Ukraine a me Transcaucasia, ke ʻano nui ka Lyubimitsa Klappa me nā hua ʻulaʻula lahilahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ana i loko o ka waha (70-110 g) - kahi ʻano ʻono a me nā mea maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohana hou. He māla kea kēia, ʻo ka hua mua i hana ʻia ma ka makahiki 8. Kūpuhi ka ʻohi ʻana no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hopena o Iulai a i ʻole hoʻomaka o ʻAukake; ua mālama ʻia nā pears no 7-10 mau lā, ʻoiai lākou e palupalu a me ka nalo ʻana. ʻO ka lāʻau kanu-hoʻomanawanui a ʻike pinepine ʻole i nā moina haʻahaʻa he mau nāwaliwali palupalu a pilikino ia iho. Ka huahana a hiki i ka 300 kg / ha.
  

  ʻO ke kālele ʻo Klapp - ua ʻānai ʻia e ka ʻeke, akā ke waiho nei ʻo ia i mea aloha no ka ʻono a me ka nele o ka hewa

• ʻO Winter Mikurina me ka Forest Beauty he ʻano o ka ʻōpala Marmer me ka nui (a hiki i 200 g), nā hua ʻona a me nā wai momona wai, ʻono nā lau i loko o kou waha (ʻano ʻono.). Ripens i ka hopena o ʻAukake, e hua ai ka hua ma nā hebedoma he 4. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka pale kino, nāwaliwali ka hoʻoilo; hoʻonui hoʻonui pono no ka hydration a me ke kāʻei luna. ʻO ka hua mua i ka makahiki 6-7; ka hua like ʻāpana. Mai kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi a hōʻiliʻili i 40 kg o ka hua.
  

  Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​hua ʻōpala Maʻa i ka hopena o ʻAukake
• ʻO ka hau o ʻAukake he wā maloʻo-ʻoi loa ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo, ke ulu mua nei, e koi ana i nā ʻano pollination hou.Kēlā ʻōpala i kā ʻAkake, mālama ʻia ʻo 10-14 mau lā. ʻO ka wīwī ke kakahiaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻai me ke keʻokeʻo, ka ʻiʻo momona (ʻokoʻa o ke paona - 120-150 g) i loko o nā pūlau a hana i ka lau. ʻO ka huahana a hiki i ka 200 kg / ha. ʻO ka hūnā ʻole o kahi pōpō ʻehā ʻaʻole nā ​​ka mea o ka hua o ka hua.
  

  ʻO ka pollinator maikaʻi loa o ka hau o ʻAukake - he ʻano o ka hoʻomanaʻo Yakovlev

• Ma kekahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ulu nā māla ulu ʻo Sibiryachka liʻiliʻi (40-60 g), momona a me nā waiʻala, nā hua tart me nā ʻaina waena (lāʻau kūmole no ka hana), e ʻūhū i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. ʻO 20 ka lā o ke ola. ʻO ka northerner kekahi hapa pilikino. ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki e hōʻike i ka wā paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike hua 160-180 kg / ha.
  

  Nā hua liʻiliʻi Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sibiryachki no ka mālama a me ka hoʻomaloʻo

Ma koʻu māla liʻiliʻi ma ke one, ʻelua mau ʻale, ʻelua mauʻa a me ka cherry-spinach ulu, ʻaʻole wau iʻike e kanu i kekahi mea. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa iaʻu ka hau o ʻAukake, e lana ana i ka momona a me ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, ma ka manawa hou - Marble, i mea e pollinate i ka hybrid mua. Bloomed plousiful, akā lush "bouquets" lele a lele ma hope o ʻelua pule, mai ovaries no ke ʻoki o nā wahi. I kēia mau makahiki ʻelua, ua ulu a nui nā lāʻau. Makemake wau e ʻike i ka hōʻiliʻili ma kēia makahiki. ʻO koʻu manaʻo ʻo ka hoʻomoka wale nā ​​pua a i ʻole ka nui o nā lāʻau i ka lepo ma ke one o ka papakū (ʻoiai lākou e inu pinepine ʻia ana). He aha ka mea e hana mai me ka hope o ke kauwela "hoʻohiki" - haʻi ka manawa.

Lāʻau: ʻO nā ʻano pīpī pākihi ʻē aʻe

Wikiō: nā ʻano pā leʻa kauwela

ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano ʻaina maikaʻi loa i ke kauwela o nā pears, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe, unpretentiousness a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi:

• ʻO ka hopena o ke kauwela Rossoshanskaya o ka hopena o ke keʻa o Rossoshanskaya nani a me Marmer. ʻO nā hua o kēia ʻano hōʻaiʻē me ka leʻaleʻa, ʻono aila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waha he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka wela. ʻO ka paona awelika o ke koilī he 120-180 g. ʻO Rossoshanskaya ke hiki ke mālama no a hiki i 30 lā, hiki i nā hua ona leʻaleʻa no hoʻokahi mahina. ʻAʻole pili ka ʻano like ʻole e kahi scab. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 130 kg / ha.
  

  Pahu pinepine ʻo Rossoshanskaya i kahi kūʻai i 30 a mau lā
• Kahi mua ʻia ka ʻinaā Astrakhan i ka paeʻāina o lalo o Volga. Hapa nui (a hiki i 400 g), nā hua hua i mālamalama, he ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula, a he ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi mākaʻikaʻi māmā astrten. Maʻa mau ke ʻano iho, hoʻala ʻia i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ʻAukake a mālama ʻia a hiki i 10 lā mau lā. Aia ʻo Astrakhan i nā makahiki he centenarians (e hua ana i ka hua a hiki i 80 mau makahiki) a mahalo ʻia ia no ka kūʻē o ka hau. ʻOiai ʻo kēia ʻano ikaika i hiki ʻole i ka palaka a loaʻa wale i ka hua i ka makahiki 10, ua loaʻa ka hua i ka 120 kg / ha.
  

  Astrakhan mua - pear-lōʻihi lōʻihi

• ʻO Augustinka - ua hoʻohui i nā ʻano lehelehe iā Rouge Berkut a me kahi punahele o Yakovleva. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lāʻau momona i nā hua nui, ʻāpana-melemele-melemele (200-400 g) me ka ʻala maikaʻi, aʻala ʻula me kahi momona nutmeg (no ka ʻai maʻamau a me nā mea ʻono). ʻO nā mea koho maikaʻi loa nā mea punahele o Klappa, Williams, Petrovskaya, Lel. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea like ʻole e kū mai i nā maʻi ʻoi i nā ʻāpana ʻehā o ka ʻāina. Hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 5, ʻo ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Hatoi hoʻohua nui - piʻi a hiki i 400 kg / ha.
  

  Nā punahele punahele o nā māla ma waena o Lūkia - Augustinka

• Ma hope o ke kauwela Chizhovskaya (Olga + Forest Beauty) ulu i luna o 4 mau mika a hoʻomaka i ka hua i ka makahiki 3; nā hua ʻono-melemele me kahi māla māwele e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 150 g, palolo ka ʻiʻo, ʻono; ʻano laulā e kūpono no ka mālama a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. ʻO ka palu kekahi mahele kūlohelohe; kūpono ʻo Lada a me Severyanka no ka koho hou ʻana. Ka wikiwiki ka pā, ka hua - 50 kg mai ka lāʻau o hoʻokahi makahiki 5. ʻO ka paʻakikī keʻokeʻo a me ka pale ʻole i nā maʻi he kiʻekiʻe.
  

  ʻO August Chizhovskaya hybrid i hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi

Lāʻau: ʻO nā ʻano pīpī pia ʻē aʻe i hala

ʻO nā ʻano pī leʻa kauwela no Central Russia

Ke noi nei i ke kukui a me ka wela, uaʻike ka pear i ka wahi o ka Central Black Earth Region, i ka Wālia Volga. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano Mikurinsky kahiko ua lawe ʻoi i nā aʻa ma nā wahi kīhāpai o ka Voronezh, Kaluga māhele, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Bryansk. Eia, nā puna pua o Bere a me Michurinsky i kaulana nui (aloha Rossoshanskaya, Iulai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe); nā ʻōniʻoniʻoni loloa nā kini - Lada, Chizhovskaya, Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya nani; kūwaho - Skoropelka, Hoʻonui.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻaila maikaʻi loa o nā pears no ka ʻĀkaukau-Komohana o kā mākou ʻāina

ʻO nā hua pā me ka pale o ka hau hilahila kiʻekiʻe, nonetentious, ulu a ulu a me nā maʻi e kū pono ana i ka Moku Kalepa a me ka Leningrad Region. Ma waena o ka hapa nui o nā pulu huaʻai e hoʻokō i kēia mau koi, nā ʻano momona like ʻo Bergamot kauwela, Marble, Vidnaya, Augustow dew, ʻo Rossoshanskaya e wehe. ʻIke hou ʻia - Lel, Skorospelka, Debutante.

ʻO nā ʻano pī leʻa kauwela no nā wahi hema o Rūsia

Ma Crimea, ma ka hapa mahana o ka palena o Krasnodar, i ka Rostov Region, ua ulu a ʻekolu mau ʻano keila o ke kauwela. Kahea, Olenek, Rogneda, Lyra, kahu hau ʻAukake, ua ʻala ʻo Allegro ma mua o Kepakemapa. Loaʻa ka nui o ka wai a me ka ea mahana i kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka hopena o nā kauwela hope loa Chizhovskaya, Rovesnitsa, nani ka Bryansk - hoʻokele lākou i ka hoʻopau i kahi hua kūpono o nā momona, ka momona mai kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻaila o nā kauwela no Siberia a me nā Urals

No ka hoʻohālikelike o nā wā ikaika a me nā anuanu paʻa ʻole a me nā hau malū i ka wā o ka wā o ka wā, ua hoʻopuka nā mea kīwī i nā ʻano he nui, me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka Miracle Maker, ʻo Cathedral momona, super wawe Lel a me Lada. Ua ʻike lōʻihi loa ia i nā māla kūloko Permyachka, Severyanka a me Gvidon, ʻōpio mua i ulu o Talitsa a me pink-sided Veselinka, ke ʻano o ka South Ural Krasulya, nā ʻano kahiko o Iulai ma mua, Chizhovskaya.

ʻO nā paʻi pī ʻāpono kaulana loa o Ukraine

No ke anuanu, hoʻohuihui wela a me ke kauwela wela o Ukraine, ua maikaʻi loa nā ʻano mua o Petrovskaya, Cathedral, Mashuk. ʻO Hybrids Astrakhan i ke kakahiaka, Olenek, Rogneda; ʻenehana hoʻokele Allegro. ʻO Veselinka liʻiliʻi a me Starkrimson kāhea liʻiliʻi me ka lewa palupalu i nā ʻiʻo a me nā momona poni ke kaulana nō hoʻi.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻaila o nā kauwela no Belarus

ʻO nā hua pua maʻamau loa ma Belarus no Kudesnitsa, Rossoshanskaya, Bashkirskaya i hoʻāʻo mua i nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Hāʻawi maikaʻi nā hua maikaʻi e Chizhovskaya, Rogneda, Severyanka, ka mea maikaʻi loa i ke aʻa o ka palu me nā lewa Belarusian. Fun, Prominent, Marble, Augustine, Lel - kēia mau ʻano hou e hoʻohiki nei e lanakila i ka ʻāina Belarusian.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kanu pua

Ke koho nei i kahi kahua no ka waiho ʻana i ka paila, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ia he photophilous ka lāʻau (ʻo ke koho kūpono paha ma ke kūkulu hema a ma hope o ke komohana hema o ka māla paha), ʻaʻole ia i makemake i nā papa hana a kū mau i ka nele o ka hoʻomaloʻo i ka lepo. ʻOi maikaʻi ke kanu i kahi pōpoki i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi pae kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka hapa momona wai momona (pH 6.2 - 6.6) a me ka paia o ka humus o 20 cm ka laulā, me ka lauwili o ka ʻōpū (hūnū, "hanu" hanu), ma nā pā lepo i hui pū ʻia me ka loam a chernozem. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e kanu i kahi pōpō ka hopena o Malaki - ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻApelila (i ka hana "hiamoe kidney".

1. Kuke ʻia nā pahu me ka laulā o 0.7 i 1,2 mika a me ka hohonu o 60 - 70 sentimita.
   

   Hoʻopili ʻia kahi lua no ke kanu ʻana i kahi pōpō ma kahi hohonu o 70 cm

2. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lepo no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā lua mai ka papa luna mai o ka lepo i hui pū ʻia me ka manure manu ʻole (6-8 kg), ka pā (7-10 kg), hoʻohui ʻia me nā minima minima ma ke ana o 100 g / m² superphosphate, 1 kg o ka lāʻau lāʻau a me 40 g / m² paʻakai paʻakai.
   

   Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻano wai ʻāina no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka waʻa a me nā minerala a me ka organik

3. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu i ka lua kanu a ʻo ka ʻili o ka aʻa he 3-5 cm ma luna o ka pae o ka lepo (ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka lepo).
   

   Kahi hana ʻana i nā hua pā

4. Uhiʻi ʻia nā aʻa me ke ʻano o ka lepo i mākaukau paʻa ʻia me ka turf, e ʻōlohelohe ana i nā kaʻina kumu no ke kaʻe o ke ana o nā mākaʻi o ka honua. Ua ʻōwili ʻia ka maka o ka lua.
   

   Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka wahi aʻa
5. Hoʻopiha nui ka lāʻau (20-40 lita o ka wai), ua hamched ʻia ka ʻōpala (me ka mauʻu, sawdust).
   

   Hoʻopiha nui ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma hope o ke kanu ʻana

ʻO nā hua pēpē ʻelua mau makahiki me nā lālā kūpono, a me kahi lei ikaika me ka maikaʻi o kā 3-5 kipi maikaʻi e kūpono. ʻO kahi papa hana hoʻomohala me nā ʻōnaehana maloʻo hohonu, he hōʻailona ia o kahi mea kanu maikaʻi a piha i ka ʻōlohelohe.

I nā makahiki ʻekolu ʻekolu ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono ka ʻāpana ʻōpala i 1 m ka lōʻihi, i nā makahiki 6 e hiki mai ana - 1.5-1.7 m, a ma ka makahiki o 8-10 mau makahiki - 2-2.5 m.

Video: pehea e kanu ai i ka pea

ʻO ka mālama lāʻau

I ka wā mua, ua kīleʻa ʻia ka lepo o ka wīwī kokoke loa i ka hohonu o 15-20 cm, a laila wehe ʻia ka mauʻu a weed i kēlā me kēia mahina a hiki i ka ohi. Penei ka mālama ʻana i ka pear:

1. ka wai maʻamau;
2. hānai hoʻomaʻemaʻe;
3. palapala noi;
4. mālama i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Pono ka hohonu o ka haʻahaʻa o ka lepo ma kahi o 80 cm. Hoʻopiha nui ʻia ka pia (15-30 mau pōpoki - ma muli o ka makahiki o ka mea kanu), akā pili pinepine (1 mau manawa i ʻelua pule). Pono ke ʻano o ka lawaiʻa nui ma Iune - Iulai, i ka wā e ninini ʻia ai nā hua.

Ke noi ʻana

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka palaki pā kui i ka hāʻule i loko o nā puʻu laha 50 cm hohonu, hana ʻia a puni ka lei aliʻi, a i ʻole i nā pua. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka Nitrogen i ka pūnāwai i ka wā e eli ai i ka manawa o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka pana pana. ʻO ka Phosphorus a me ka potassium (a hiki i ka 150 g) a me nā mea kūlohelohe (e pili ana i 20-30 kg) e noi ʻia i kēlā me kēia 3-5 mau makahiki - e pili ana kēlā ia ma ka pae o ka ʻāina.

No ka hoʻonui i ka ʻāʻī o ka hoʻoilo a hoʻoulu i ka ulu, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa i ka pūnāwai a me ka liki me ka hopena o 1% urea. I mea e pale ai i ka ʻili, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lālā o ka pou a me nā ʻōpala i loko o ka wai i ka pūnāwai.

ʻO nā ʻili ʻōpala - pale i kahi lāʻau mai nā maʻi ulu

Pila a me ka hana ʻana

Kuhi nui ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pā i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pua pōkole, a me nā lālā lōʻihi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i mau makahiki 2-3 mau makahiki. I kēlā me kēia puna, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kīleʻa sanitary - nāwaliwali, maloʻo, ʻoki ʻia a ʻokiʻoki ʻia me nā secateurs koi.

I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ua hana ʻia kahi huaʻai - no kēia, ua waiho ʻia nā kumu ulu 1-2, waiho ʻia nā lālā koena.

ʻO ka wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lei e hoʻomau mau ʻia i lalo o ka papa o lalo. I ke kaʻina hana ʻana i nā lālā i laulā nui, e aʻa ana i ka ʻāpana o lalo o ka lei, e ʻoki ʻia. Hoʻopuka kēia i ka paʻu mua o ka lei, e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu o nā lālā ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ulu ulu a me ka ʻōpio apical i luna o ka lāʻau, lawe ʻia nā lālā i ʻoi aku he 4 mau makahiki he nui. Ma ka waena o ka lei, ua waiho ʻia nā lālā he 2 a 3 mau makahiki ma luna, kahi i kau ʻia ai nā hua. Inā nui ka papa hua, ʻoki ʻia kekahi mau ovaries, pili kēia i ka ʻano maikaʻi a me ke ʻano o ka hua e hiki mai ana.

Puhi kaʻi: sparse-tiered (hema) a ulu nui (ʻākau)

No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua hua hou, ua kū a paʻa i nā hua pia a haʻalele i kahi ulu i ka kūlana. Hoʻouka ʻia nā honu pōpoki pinepine ʻia i nā wili kila.

Hoʻolaha kūleʻa

ʻO ka lāʻau ʻōpala mānoile o ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e koi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kākoʻo, a me ka hōʻiliʻili nui, ka pale o nā hua mai ka loiloi e ka makani. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lāʻau koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo i nā mika he 2 mau mika, e waiho iā lākou ma ke kihi i ka ʻaukā. ʻO kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ai. Me ka mālama pono ʻole, me ka hōʻino ʻole i ka ʻili a me nā hua, lele nā ​​lālā i ke kumu o ka ʻala, e mālama ana iā lākou me kahi kaula ma waena o lākou iho a me ka ʻōpala.

ʻO ka hoʻoikaika palekana o nā lālā hua pā

Naana

Inā ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua o ka huaʻai i ka manawa, hiki iā lākou ke nahu, hoʻopalaha, a laila maloʻo ka ʻaina, e hoʻēmi ʻia ke ola o ka hua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia mai 7 a 14 mau lā.

Aia kahi ʻokoʻa hoʻoneʻe, a me ka huakaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku i nā hua, ʻelua i nā ʻano kauwela like ʻole i ka hopena mai Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake (ka mua o Kepakemapa). I ka hihia mua, ua mākaukau nā hua e hoʻohana ʻia (ma ka manawa) e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka paena a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pulp o ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka juiciness pono a me ka lako. E hele mai ka pākeke mea kūʻai aku inā ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano ʻono a me nā mea ʻala, inā ʻaʻole i ʻala ka hua a hiki ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

ʻAʻole i like me nā hua he nui, ʻaʻole kahi kanaka i koi i ka pale ikaika e pale ai i nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi. ʻO nā maʻi nui e hopena pinepine i nā mea kanu nā mea hoʻohiki, bacteriosis a me tinnitus. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka hana kūpono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ʻo ia ka pale ʻana o nā pīpī, kahiʻala a me ka pōkole o ka paila ʻo 2-3 mau manawa i kahi manawa me nā iniseti manuahi a me nā manuahi (e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻo).

Palapala Papa: Holo a Piha

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka scab (hema) a me ka moniliosis (ʻākau) i ka hua pā

Me ka hoʻōla pono ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻōla hou ʻia nā lau a me nā wana o ka pia i ka wā kauwela.

Powewy kalo kalo (hema) a rust (ʻākau) kau i nā wana a me nā lau

ʻO nā pīpī pila maʻamau ka ʻōpala, nā puʻu, nā aphids, nā pulu poliki pear. Hoʻopilikia kekahi kekahi i nā kumulāʻau a me nā ʻoki, ua hoʻopau nā poʻe i ka hua.

Kēia hua kai a me nā lau o ka lei e nā aphids (hema) a me kekahi moa kīnā ʻākau (ʻākau)

ʻOi eʻoi loa no ka mālama pest:

1. hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka manawa o ka lau o nā lau a maloʻo wale nō;
2. kanu i nā mea kanu me nā meaola paʻakikī (Decis) a hoʻopili aku i nā insecticides (Zolon, Karbofos, Spark)

Nui ka koho o ka mākeke Lūkini i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka mālama pōpoki a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kumu kumu nui o ka maʻi me nā maʻi pear.

Hoike Mai

Mai ka ulu o ke kauwela ulu: Lada, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka mai Michurinsk, Severyanka, Cathedral. Mai ka hopena o: Hōʻea Lūkini, Autumn Yakovleva. Hoʻolaha a kanu ʻole ʻaʻole hua, Sverdlovchanka, Nā kahu kanu. Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano o nā kauwela āpau. ʻO 2 mau manawa hoʻopau ke hoʻopau ʻia. Lelo ka Lada i ka wā e ulu ai, kanu i kahi ʻano lewa, mālama ʻia lākou. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e koho i ka ono. ʻO ke kūpono, pono ʻoe e hele a hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe iho, a e lawe i kahi kāula mai kēia lāʻau.

Pua

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Makemake wau i nā ʻano he grit. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kēia. Inā ʻaʻole lākou i moʻa, e like me Lukashevka (nā māla me nā huaʻai maikaʻi ʻo Far Eastern). A o kēlā mau ʻano, e ʻono i ka momona a me ka momona, e like me nā mea hema, aia i ke koho ʻana o ka huaʻa Ural. I kēia manawa o kēia mau ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻokolokolo. Ua ʻano nui nā ʻano he nui. E hoʻopaʻa wau i nā meaʻokoʻa a pau e kūpono iā mākou no ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, ka huahana, a me nā meaʻono. ʻAʻole ʻo Ural hoʻoulu. A ʻo kēlā mau mea mākou e ʻike ai, a makemake mākou iā lākou. Malia paha no ka nele o kahi maikaʻi? Loaʻa paha ia. ʻAkohu o ʻAukake, Birch Kunani, Valentine, Makahiki kahiko, Veles, Kaheʻe ʻana, Karataevskaya, Katedrila, Krasuly, Red-sided, Kupava, Lada, Larinskaya, Lel, Puka Leningrad, Lyubava, Mīwī, ʻālana, Otradnenskaya, I mea hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Zhegalov, Perun, Permyachka, Sverl Severyanka, Severyanka Chelyabinsk, Severyanka red-sided, Fairytale, Somova. Siberian, Taiga, Talitsa, Chizhovskaya.

ʻO Alexander Kuznetsov

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ʻAʻole wale ʻo Lada. ʻO kahi ʻano momona, hoʻonāukiuki loa iā ia. Nā pilikia: 1. ʻO ka pinepine o ka hua (makahiki / makahiki) 2. ʻO nā mea āpau āpau iaʻu - nā kekahē hoʻoheheʻe nui loa. 3. Kele iki nā hua, koho a ʻai wikiwiki. He mau lā wale nō wau ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa - ua hiki loa ia - ke ʻano like lākou me ka huluhulu kapa tasteless. 4. Ke ʻono o ka hua - no laila, no ka ʻona. ʻAʻohe MAU KAHI! Loaʻa iaʻu iā Chizhovsky a me ka hoʻomanaʻo o Yakovlev - ma nā mea āpau i kahi kauoha o ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Billi boi

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Aloha - Bergamot ʻano kauwela. Ma kahi he ʻumi makahiki ʻaʻole i hua pinepine i ka hua, a ʻo ka nui ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole mākou i pā. Akā naʻe, hāʻawi mua ʻo Bergamot i kahi liʻiliʻi, ua ʻike maoli ʻole ʻia nā ʻars ʻōpio mua ma mua o kou nānā ʻole ʻana i kēia lāʻau! ʻO kēlā ʻano ʻono, nā momona a me ka ʻalala o kahi ʻala aʻu i hoʻāʻo ʻole ai ma kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻāina Voronezh, Ertil chernozem.

ehpebitor

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No ke ola holoʻokoʻa o kā mākou pūnaewele, a ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o 25 mau makahiki, hoʻāʻo mākou e ulu i nā pears. Pūhū kona ʻāina, 200 km mai Pokukū a hiki i ke komohana hema. ʻO ka pīi kūleʻa nui i kuhi ʻia i hiki iā Summer Lada, nā mea i mālama ʻole ʻia. E ʻōpala ʻia ʻo ʻAukake. ʻO nā hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, uhi ʻia nā uhi poli. Hoʻoweliweli mākou, kuke i kaʻai mai ka kīʻaha piha, compote.

tak1956

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Nui wau iā Lada lāua ʻo Chizhovskaya i hala loa. Hoʻopuka maikaʻi lākou, aia nā hua ma Chizhovskaya. Akā e moe ʻoe ... ʻO ka poʻe maʻamau ʻole ka ʻūhā i loko o ka friji e moe ʻino ana, ʻōpena nā waena, hele a maloʻo ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea. Akā he mea wīwī kekahi. Makemake kekahi. Inā lākou e noho mau ma ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole i ana ʻia ... A he aha ka hoʻoilo? ʻAʻole maopopo paha ke kumu e hoʻokuʻu wale ai lākou i kahi, a ma hea ʻole.

ʻĀhai

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Hāpai nā mea kanu hoʻomanawanui a mālama i nā mea kanu pōpoki ʻole i ka maʻamau o ka pā, akā, nā ʻano o ke kauwela. Mākaukau kā lākou mau hua no ke hoʻohana ʻana ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela, a kanu koke nā mea kanu a hōʻehaʻeha ʻole. ʻO ka peʻa kahi papa hoʻonaninani maikaʻi ʻole a i ka manawa like nā huahana meaʻai. Pono ka hua pā a me nā mea kanu hoʻomehana no nā pēpē, a kūpono nā ka pulp i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hua maloʻo, mālama a me nā kaʻa. Hoʻopili nā lua pōkole ma mua i Siberia a ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana-komohana a mālama i ka hua a hiki i ka huaʻuwā mua. I ka hana ʻana i ke koho kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i kēia hua momona loa i loko o kou māla me ka ʻole hana nui.