Russula (lat. Russula) - ʻO kēia nā mea kanu maʻamau loa i nā ululāʻau: hiki lākou i 30-45% o ka nui o nā haloha a pau. Kapaʻia pēlā no ka mea hiki keʻaiʻia i kahi o kā lākou mauʻano. Aia nā huaʻai kūpono a me nā mea i hikiʻole. Pehea ka nānāʻana o ka rūkā a pehea e hoʻoholo ai inā he meaʻawaʻawa ka mīkini i mua ou aʻaʻoleʻole, hiki iāʻoe keʻike mai kā kā mākou mea i kākau ai.
Hōʻikeʻike o kaʻohana Russula
ʻO Russulae e pili ana i keʻano o nā halo o ka papa o kaʻohana o ka'āinaʻo Syerazhkov. ʻO ko lākou kino hua kino, nui. No ke aʻoʻana i ka rūsū ma ka nahele, hiki ke nānā aku i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, i nāʻano keʻokeʻo o nā piko me ke anawaena o 2-20 cm kele, hemispherical, bell-shaped me ke kino keʻokeʻo a me nā wāwae keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hiki iāʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i ke kala o ka russula ma ka mahele "Nāʻano o ka russules". Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā kīpala russula, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka waiwai waiwai o kēia mau haʻakai. I ko lākou oʻoʻana, ua hoʻololi lākou i keʻano, ākea, pālahalaha, a me ka hamole, i kekahi manawa i'ōwiliʻia. ʻAiʻia nā pūpū i lalo me nā'ōpala maikaʻi. ʻO keʻano o ka hihia ka mea keʻokeʻo i ka melemele.
Keʻike neiʻoe? No ka hoʻoholoʻana i kahiʻano o ka russula - i ke lameli a iʻole ka pulupulu, ponoʻoe e nānā ma lalo o ke pola. ʻO kona papa lalo he nui nā papa.
Ke ulu nei nā lālani i ka mahinaʻo Iulai, ua hoʻopaʻaʻia ko lākou nui iʻAukake a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka'ō'ō. ʻO ke kumu, he meaʻai lākou a pau,ʻo kahi hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou he mea kūponoʻole no kaʻai ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka meaʻino aiʻole ka meaʻawaʻawaʻole. He kūpono no ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano hou a me ke kope. Hoʻokomoʻia lākou i loko o ka māheleʻekolu o nā halaʻiʻai,ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūpū o kaʻaʻaiʻawa. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kekahi ma lalo nei no ka meaʻaʻole lākou i pili i ka waiwai waiwai.
Nui paha ka poʻe e pili ana i ka nīnau, ma lalo o ka lāʻau hea i ulu ai ka poʻe Russula. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo kēia mau halola nā mea kanu me ka hua o ka lāʻau mycorrhiza. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma lalo o nāʻanoʻono likeʻole: oak, birch, alder, a me lalo o nā manu a me nā pua. Loaʻa i nā'ōpalaʻo kahi mea maikaʻi,ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau huaʻona - i ka 1 kg o nā halo i 264 mau hua o ka mea hua B a me 6 mg o ka hua maloo PP.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa no kaʻaiʻana, uaʻikeʻia heʻulaʻula,ʻo ia ka mea iʻikeʻia i kaʻaʻahu o ka pele, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, he uliuli, he melemele a heʻulaʻula.
Nāʻano syroezhek (me nā kiʻi)
Ma keʻano o Eurasia,ʻO Australia,'Āsena Hikina a meʻAmelika, i loko o nā ululāʻau hauʻoli a me nā ululāʻau, aia he 275 mauʻano o ka momona, ke hāʻawi nei mākou i keʻano o nā mea maʻamau.
Keʻike neiʻoe? No ka paʻakikī o nāʻano likeʻole o nāʻano syrups, hiki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻopili koʻikoʻiʻana i kaʻano o ka haʻupu.
ʻO ka maʻamauʻo Russula
ʻO Podgodzdok keʻokeʻo (kahi maloʻo maloʻo). Hōʻikeʻia mai Iulai aʻOkakopa i loko o nā ululāʻau me nā ululāʻau ulu. Hiki keʻikeʻia e ka pāpale keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa me nā peʻa'ōmaʻa a me nāʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. ʻO keʻano o ka pāpale e hoʻololiʻia mai ka convex i ka hamo. ʻO ka pōkole, liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo aʻeleʻele paha. I ka mea kukeʻana, hoʻomapalapala nā mea i hoʻomapala i nā hulu, nā mea i'ūlaʻiʻia, paʻiʻia. ʻO kāna meaʻono he pungent.
Pōʻalima Russian. Ke ulu neiʻo ia i ka nahele birch a me ka nahele birch-pine. ʻO ka manawa eʻikeʻia aiʻo Iulai -ʻOkakopa. I ka hoʻomaka muaʻana o ka pōleʻele melemele hemispherical. Ma ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻololi ia i kahi pālahalaha a me ke kuhi. E piʻi ana i ke anawaena he 5-10 knm.ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka hiliʻana o ka ili ma ka lihi o ka pāpale. He keʻokeʻo nā wāwae. Ua keʻokeʻo nā papa, a ua lilo ka manawa i pale pale a hina. Hāʻawiʻiaʻo Yellow Russula e like me keʻanoʻekolu o nā pūʻakai kai. He meaʻono,ʻaʻohe kapi. Pau ia i ka hou a me ka paʻakai.
ʻO Russula. ʻO ka'ōpala, i loaʻa i loko o nā ululaau coniferous. ʻO ke kaula me ke anawaena o 3-10 cm ke paʻiʻulaʻula. ʻO kaʻahu ka lane: hiki ke lilo iʻeleʻele-poni i waenakonu,'ākau i ka maka. He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae, 3-5 cm ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO Russula. ʻO ka mea noho i nā coniferous a me nā ululāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia e kekahi'ōpili'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo i ka 10 knm. Ma muli o kona hiʻohiʻona nani a nani, heʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ke mushroom. Ua kukeʻia, paʻi a me ka paʻi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ināʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka meaʻona hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i kahi Russula'ōmaʻomaʻo me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻo ia he pale pale pale. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole hiki ke syroezhek i ka wāwae a me ka lahilahi ma ke kumu.
Kūʻai Russula. He nani ka nani o ka pāpale o kēia russula - heʻulaʻula me nā wahiʻeleʻele. ʻO kona wāwae he maʻemaʻe, keʻokeʻo. E hele mai i ka mahinaʻo Iulai - Kepakemapa. Kūleʻa nui ia ma nā ululāʻau lau nahele a me nā coniferous.
Ua makeʻo Russula. Hōʻikeʻia i ka hopena o ke kauwela - nā lālā o ke kauwela ma nā ululāʻau. Hiki i ka'ōleʻele ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ke kala e pili kokoke ana i ke kikowaena. He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka kumu.
Marsh Russula. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai keʻano o ka loaʻa pinepineʻana i nā wahi'āpana momona, nā ulu lāʻau pine. Ma kahi o ka uluʻana o ka'ōhū rushula, he mea ma'ū a pa'ū. Hoʻonui ia mai Iune a Sepatemaba. Ma kona wā'ōpiopio he pāpale puʻupuʻu, ma ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo i niho. Ua penaʻia i kaʻulaʻula, kokoke i ke kikowaena -ʻeleʻele. He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae, hele mai me ka pale anuanu. He meaʻono ka mushroom, kūpono i ka hoʻolapalapa, kaʻaila, ke kope a me ka salting.
ʻO Green Russula. Ke ulu nei ia ma waena o ke kauwela a hiki iʻOkakopa. Noho ia i loko o nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau ulu, i ka manawa ma lalo o nā lāʻau birch. He poʻo nui kona - a hiki i 15 knm ke anawaena. I nā'ōpiopio fungi syroezhek he hemispherical ia, a komo ka manawa i kahi eʻae aiʻole e moe hoʻomana. Ua penaʻia i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo-kalaʻula a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo. I ka kukeʻana, hoʻohanaʻia ia no ke kukeʻana, kaʻaila a me ka leʻaleʻa ma hope o ka waihoʻana.
ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo Green a me kaʻulaʻula. Hoʻomaka e ulu i waenakonu o ke kauwela. ʻIkeʻia e kahi pilikino nui e moe ai i ka 20 cm o nā lauʻulaʻula: ulaʻula, melelena, a ulaʻula. He kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wāwae he 3-12 cm aʻo ke anawaena o 4 knm, keʻokeʻo,ʻo kekahi manawa me kahi oho uhie.
Blueula āuluʻo Russula. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻiliʻia nā pūpū o kēiaʻano mai Iulai aʻOkakopa. ʻO nā lā'ī o kēiaʻano i kahiʻano kūpilikiʻi e'ōlohelohe ana i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka poni. He lahilahi ka wāwae, he nui keʻokeʻo, akā heʻulaʻula a he poni. Hoʻopono ka meaʻono i ka maikaʻi. E pili ana i ke kākikaʻekolu.
I kēia manawa uaʻikeʻoe i nā mea likeʻole e like me kā lākou. Aia kekahi mahele o nā haʻakai kūpono i hiki ke loaʻa, kahi hikiʻole keʻai i ka meaʻono,ʻaʻole kūpono no ka kukeʻana, akā, no ka hukiʻana. Hiki keʻaiʻia ma loko o keʻano:ʻo ka polu brown, ke kaikamahine, ka ocher, ka'ōmaʻomaʻo gula, nani, keʻokeʻo podgruzkakh, podgruzdok keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo podgruzdok, walui, kekenekeʻeleʻele a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
A laila, eʻike mākou i nā lālā o kaʻohana.
Inedible kukuna
Pono koke ka mea e pono ai e hana i kahi hoʻomaha no ka loaʻaʻole o ka syroezek paʻake ma keʻano pololei o ka hua'ōlelo. ʻO ka māhele o ka inedible pūʻia nā haʻuki i loaʻa ka'ōpala, ka meaʻono, i waena paha o lākou paha he mea'awaʻaha a iʻole ka hopena, hoʻonāukiuki i ka mucosa waha, nā maʻi o ka'iliko i ka wā e hoʻokomoʻia ai. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he mau hōʻailona waho e like me nā kaikunāne maikaʻi, no ka mea, ua kapaʻia lākouʻo Russula wahaheʻe. ʻO nā'ōpūʻoʻoleʻaʻole i loko o kēia mau mea: ʻo ia hoʻiʻo Rushula birch, keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo, Kele, nāwaliwali, nā mea hoʻonani, nā kānaka'ē aʻe a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻO Birch Russula. Aia nāʻaʻahu o kēia russula i nāʻano'olā a me nā keo; heʻulaʻula, heʻulaʻula, heʻulaʻula, he hina. 'Okole me ka mycosis me nā pakiaka birch. Ke hana ia mai Iune a Nowemapa.
ʻO Russianula e kala. Ke ulu neiʻo ia ma nā ulu lāʻau pine i ka hopena o ke kauwela - i ka mahina mua o Setema. ʻO ke poʻo o kēia mushroom heʻano liʻiliʻi ia - a hiki i ka 6 knm, ke kaulike keʻokeʻo, heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kaʻoni. Hoʻokani maikaʻi kēia rukula a heʻaiʻono kona.
Pink Russula. E like me nā mea i hala mua, aia i ka nahele pine iʻAukake-Kepakemapa. ʻO ka pāpale o ia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hoʻomohalaʻana, heʻano hoʻohālike konaʻano, a laila,ʻano haʻahaʻa. Paʻiʻia i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO Lūsū ke kīʻaha nui.
Kele Russula. He pāʻuku liʻiliʻi kona 3-8 cm ke anawaena. Ma nā kūlanaʻokoʻa o ka uluʻana, hoʻololiʻia keʻano: hele aku ia mai ka'āpana'āpana -poe e kūlou me nāʻaoʻao i kāwiliʻia. ʻO ka momona o kona mau'aleʻele uliuli - ulaʻula, poni,'opena. 'Aleʻele-ulaʻula. ʻO kaʻono o kēia russula he pungent, heʻono ke ala.
ʻO Russula. Kūleʻa pinepine ia i nā hui ma nāʻano nahele likeʻole. ʻO kona kīʻaha he 3-5 cm, e pālahalaha me kaʻulaʻula. ʻO nāʻaoʻao o kaʻili he māmā māmā, ke koko i waenakonu, heʻulaʻula me kaʻaila olive. ʻO keʻiʻo he mea kūpaʻa, a me ka paʻakai.
ʻO nā meaʻawaʻawa nā meaʻawaʻawa ka hopena o Mayr a me ke kukui o ke ahi.
ʻO Russulaʻo Mayra. He nui nāʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka Lūkini,ʻo kahi pane pōkole e kōkua iāʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā e hālāwai aiʻoe a hele. ʻO ka mea mua, he kīʻaha ulaʻula nui. I ka papa mua hemispherical, laila pālahalaha, pīhoihoi iki. He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae, a he'ōmaʻomaʻo paha, a he kāmaʻa paha ma ke kumu. Ke ulu neiʻo ia i loko o nā uluna ulu. Ke hoʻohanaʻia e ho'āla i ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa.
Ke puhiʻia neiʻo Russula. Nohoʻo ia i nā ulu lāʻau pine. Hoʻohālikeʻia e kahi kalaʻulaʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula -poe me ke anawaena he 10 knm, ke kīlapala pālahalaha, a ma hope aku keʻano hoʻohālike. He ahi a me ka meaʻala maikaʻiʻole.
Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka mea kūʻai mai nā'āpana momona
E hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka mushroom Russula i mua o kou - hiki i kaʻaʻai aʻaʻole paha, hiki i nā kumu he nui. No laila, no ka mea hikiʻole ke hele, kaʻiʻoʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele i ka hopena o ka wāwae,ʻaʻohe meaʻino e nā ilo, nā pāpaleʻeleʻele, kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni aʻaʻahu paha i ka wāwae. ʻO nāʻanoʻole o ka syrozhek,ʻo ia ke kānāwai (akāʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau), he līhina'ālohilohi a me kahiʻala maikaʻiʻole. Ke paʻi a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o kaʻiʻo e hoʻololi i ka pena.
He mea nui! ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e waiho nei ma kekahi mauʻano momona.
Ponoʻoe e makaʻala i ka hoʻopiliʻoleʻana i ka mīmū a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo me ka lāʻau make. Eia nāʻokoʻa i keʻano a me ke kala o nā wāwae a me nā piko eʻike aiʻoe he pono.
Kaʻao. Ma ka russula pololei, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo, keʻokeʻo. I loko o ka toadstool, uaʻeleʻeleʻia ma ke kumu i keʻano o ka tuber, he'ōmaʻomaʻa a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo paha a heʻulaʻula'ōmaʻomaʻo a me nāʻulaʻula.
ʻOi. Aia kahi paʻi kiʻi pale i lalo o ka pāpale.
He mea nui! Hikiʻole i nā pale kahiko ke nānā aku i nā hiʻohiʻonaʻano o nā haʻaluluʻona - nā apo ma ka wāwae.
ʻO kahi kōkua mua no ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa
ʻOiai, e like me ka mea i kākau muaʻia e mākou,ʻaʻole hiki i ka russulae ke kūpilikia nui i ke ola kanaka, akā naʻe, me ka māʻona maikaʻi o ka mea make, eʻai ana i kahi pāloʻona paʻona e koi aku i ke kōkua ikaika. I keʻano o ka holoʻokoʻa, pono ka holoiʻana o ka waha, hiki paha i ka pīpī a me ka holoiʻana. I ke kumu o ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa i nā'ōpūʻona, hoʻopōʻino i ka'āpana o nā meaʻokoʻa, ka'ōpū o ka naʻau, CNS, ate, a me nā puʻupaʻa. He mea nui e kōkua me nā hōʻailona mua o ka make. No ka mea,ʻo ka lapaʻauʻana i nāʻeha i hanaʻia e ka toadstool, i hanaʻia i ka lua o ka lā, e halaʻole.
Hiki i nā haʻakeʻa lāʻauʻino ke kumu i nā hopena kūikawā i ka wā i laweʻia i loko, akā e loaʻa ka maʻiʻana, ka luaʻi, a me kaʻeha o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hōʻailonaʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka waiʻona i nā manawa likeʻole, e like me kaʻai iʻaiʻia. No laila, e like me ka hopena me ka pale pale ka pale i loko o 8-18 mau hola, me nā laina - ma hope o 6 mau hola, me nā lele lele - ma hope o 30 mau minuke 2-6 mau hola, me nā haha haha - ma hope o nā hola heʻeono. No ka laweʻana i ka waiʻona mai ke kino, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka luaʻi. ʻO kāna kumu, e inu ana i ke aniani o ka wai mahana me 1 punetena o ka paʻakai a iʻole 1 teaspoon o ka sinapi. Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻonāuki i ka luaʻi ma ka inuʻana i ka nui o ka wai mālie, a laila kaomi i nā manamana lima ma ke kumu o ke alelo.
E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka'ōpū. Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, pono i kahi kanaka ke hoʻohana i ka kalo i hanaʻia (1-2 mau papa ma 1 kg o ke kaumaha). E like me kāu eʻike ai, he nui nāʻano kukuna. ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi keʻike i waena o nā kīhāpai maikaʻi a me nā hua'ōlelo. I kekahi manawa,ʻaʻole e hiki ke kōkua i nāʻano likeʻole i kaʻoni, kaʻala a me ka meaʻai. E hoʻomanaʻo: i ka liʻiliʻi loa inā he maikaʻi ka mīpona a iʻole ka mea make i mua ou, e aho e hoʻolei aku.
