Kaumakaiwa svinushka kaulana loa a kaulana hoʻi no nā meaʻokoʻa mushroomʻikeʻia. Hōʻikeʻia ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hopenaʻana o kekahi mau halo a me ka momona nui a hiki i ka halaʻana o kaʻohana.
Keʻike neiʻoe? E like me keʻano o waho, nāʻano halola svinushka e like me ka pepeiao o ka puaʻa. Uaʻikeʻia kēiaʻano likeʻole i loko o nā puʻupuʻu nui o ka hakina. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka wāwae, ka mea i piliʻole i waenakonu o ke poʻa o ka hakina, akā ua haʻalele.
E noʻonoʻo i nāʻano likeʻole puaʻa puaʻa aʻike inā e hiki keʻaiʻia.
Ka nui o Svinushka (lat. Paxillus integrautus)
ʻO ka minaminaʻo Svinushka ka mea kanu o kaʻohana Svushushkovye Boletovye. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohanaʻia ka hakina i ka lāʻau make, a hiki i ka makahiki 1981 ua mālamaʻiaʻo ia e like me ka meaʻai. Noho ka puaʻa momona i nā ululaau o nāʻano likeʻole a he like konaʻano i kaʻikeʻana i nāʻano likeʻole o kēia haʻiki. Ke ulu nei ka pāpale o ka pūʻali i ke anawaena o 12-15 cm, heʻanoʻoliva-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mea mua, heʻano liʻiliʻi konaʻano me ka pepa i'ōwiliʻia, a laila he pālahalaha me kahi hanuʻano pūniho ma waenakonu. Ua emi ka maka, malia paha. ʻO ka pāpale he kikokiko, aʻeleʻele i ka haʻi. ʻO kaʻili o kona leo-lele, a ma hope iki aku, i ka wa malie - kūkā. ʻO ka pulp o ka pūʻali he palupalu, palupalu i ka manawa mua, a ma ka'alulu haʻalulu keʻokeʻo, he'ōmaʻomaʻu. ʻAʻole ia i keʻanoʻokoʻa a me kaʻono a hiki i ka wormy.
Ma kaʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka pāpale he pseudoplates o ka'ōmaʻomaʻu-kalaʻula, a maʻalahi ka exfoliate mai ka popo pōpō. ʻO ka pūʻulu kaʻina -ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o 9 knm a he 2 knm ke anawaena. ʻO kona'alaʻolu he laumā,ʻulaʻula, he'ōmaʻomaʻa lepo, he māmā i ke kala ma mua o ka pāpale. ʻO ka pauʻana o ka lepo lulushki. Hoʻopiʻi nā'ōpena'anakahi e pili ana i nā mea make o kahi svushka kikokikona. Ua'ōlelo lākou ua hoʻohana lākou i kēia meaʻai no kaʻai mau a me ka maikaʻi. E nānā kāua,ʻo Svinushka me ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO kaʻai mua loa o ka puaʻa i ka makahiki 1944, uaʻikeʻia. Uaʻikeʻoleʻo Kelepaʻo Julius Schaeffer i ka maʻiʻole, i lilo i ka luaʻiʻana, i ka maʻi wela a me ke kuni. Ma hope o 17 mau lā, ua makeʻo ia. ʻO ke kumu he kīnā nuiʻole.
ʻO ka mea nui,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa aʻaʻole koke koke. Aia ka puaʻa i nā lipine meaʻino,ʻaʻole i hoʻopauʻia e ka lāʻau wela. I ka makahiki 80 o ke kenekulia iwakalua Uaʻikeʻo Swiss Firmm F Flammmer e hiki i ka antigine puaʻa ke kau pono i ka membrane erythrocyte a hoʻonāukiuki i ka pūnaewele immune e hana i nā pūʻokoʻa a me ka hakakāʻana i kona mau pūpū kokoʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hopena, ke kūkulu nei kekahi kanaka i ka anemia hemolytic a me ka hāʻuleʻole. No ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hana ai i nā meaʻeha,ʻaʻole hiki keʻike kokeʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka make. Eia kekahi,ʻo kaʻono o kēlā me kēiaʻano i nā toxins mushroomʻano'ē loa. No laila, i ka makahiki 1984, ma ke kauoha a ke kāʻei kapu o ka USSR, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia ka puaʻa puaʻa ma ka papa inoa o nā pūpū.
He mea nui! ʻAʻohe mea hōʻolo no ka hoʻopunipuni puaʻa. Ināʻoe, ma hope o kaʻaiʻana i nā halapala,ʻikeʻoe i kaʻino, ponoʻoe e kelepona i kahi keʻena olakino e nānā i keʻano o nā koko, ka hana pīkī, ke koko, ka wai a me ka pale kaulike a me nā meaʻino.
Pig alder (lat. Paxillus filamentosus)
ʻO ka Alpine a me ka pua o aspen ka mea liʻiliʻi loa. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai kahi kūpono o ka uluʻana ma lalo o ka mana a me nā mea'ē aʻe paha. He nui nāʻano likeʻole e like me ka puaʻa lahilahi, akā, he likeʻole ia i loko o ka pāpale e loaʻa kaʻala me ka pale i kaʻulaʻula. ʻO nā'alelani Alpine, a me nā'iliʻoki lahilahi, he mea make,ʻoiai ua manaʻo kekahi mau meaʻona i nā mea momona.
Pua pua momona (lat. Tapinella atrotomentosa)
ʻO nā puaʻa maʻamau ka nui o nā puaʻa a me ka puaʻa momona. He mea lohi kēia o kaʻohana Tapinella o ka papaʻo Boletov. He pāpale ka mushroom me ke anawaena o 5-15 cm, ke kaʻina mua, ka hemispherical i keʻano, a ma hope iho e noho ana me ka hoʻouka ulu i ke kikowaena. ʻO ke poʻo o ka pāpale he meaʻoluʻolu a leʻaleʻa paha i kahi'ōmaʻomaʻoʻulaʻula. Ua pau nāʻaoʻao. Mai kaʻaoʻao lalo he mau momona i kēlā me kēiaʻano pālūlū keʻanoʻano i nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio a me nā meaʻeleʻele i nā mea oʻo. ʻO ka wāwae heʻehiku paha ka lōʻihi a ma ke anawaena a hiki i ka 3.5 knm o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano, e hiki ke hoʻonohoʻia ma ke kikowaena aiʻole ma kahi o ka neʻeʻana.
ʻO ka'ōpū konaʻano, keʻanoʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. Hoʻohui pinepineʻia i loko o ke pani. ʻO kaʻiʻo o ka hakina he keʻokeʻo-melemele i kaʻoni me kaʻalaʻole me kaʻawaʻawa nui. Hiki iā ia ke pehu ma ke alo o ke kai aʻeleʻele i ka kink. Pālaʻiʻia ka paukū o nā haʻaliki i kaʻulaʻula-kalaʻula. UaʻaʻahuʻoʻAmona i kaʻiʻo o puaʻa i loko o ka lilac liʻiliʻi, a me ka potassium hydroxide (KOH) - i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a me kaʻeleʻele. ʻO ka momona Svushka e pili ana i nā hauhi kūpono. Ua manaʻoʻia nā'āina'ē i ka hikiʻole ke hoʻohanaʻia me ka'ōleloʻole o nā meaʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka pulp o kēia mau haʻalulu i loaʻa i ka lolo (ka puaʻaʻeleʻele), ka mea hana i he lāʻauʻae a me ka hopena antitumor, acidic telephoreic (blue pigment), i hoʻohanaʻia e lole i kaʻulu uliuli.
Tapinella panusoidal, aiʻole ka puaʻa like (Latin Tapinella panuoides)
ʻO ka puaʻa pepeiao he mea lele. Hiki i ke kino o ka haʻuki ke loaʻa i ka pilina laulā ma keʻano o nā pāpale i hoʻolālāʻia me ke anawaena o 16 cm, i hoʻonohonohoʻia i ka mele a me ka hoʻokomoʻia i kahi mycelium lahilahi ma keʻano o ka wāwae pōkole. Uaʻikeʻia ka mahele o ka pāpale, a ma hope aku ka laumālie, mai ka'ōmaʻomaʻo-cream i brownish-purple. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka puaʻa he lahilahi, ua paʻa, hiki ke hanaʻia. Mai lalo mai o ka pāpale he mau'āpana liʻiliʻi mai kaʻulu melemele a kaʻalani.
ʻO ka base o ka haʻiki he nani, velvety, brown. Heʻiʻo kaʻiʻo, he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo i kaʻula, a lilo i mea hoʻonā i ka wā maloʻo. Hoʻopilikia ka pūʻano mai ka hopena o ke kauwela a hiki i ka hopena o kaʻohi ma kahi papa aiʻole i nā hui ma nā pūpū a me nā lāʻau coniferous. Hiki i ka haʻuki ke noho ma luna o ka hale o nā hale kahiko, me ka luku. ʻO ka puaʻa o ka pepeiao e pili ana i nā'ōpūʻonaʻino ma mua o ka hikiʻana o nā lectins. ʻO kēia toxins ke kumu o ke kauʻana i nā pūpū koko keʻokeʻo.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka inoa o ka mushroom tapinella panusovnaya i unuhiʻia e like me ke kuʻi.
Paxillus ammoniavirescens puaʻa
Ua loaʻa kēia mushroom ma nā pā kauhale a ma nā wao nahele o Italia, Kelemānia, Sepania, Suède, Pokukala, Farani,ʻEnelani a ma nā'āina o ka'ākau o'Aferika. Kuhiʻo ia i ka mea make. ʻO ka pāpale o ka haʻalulu heʻano kikokiko,ʻeleʻele, he'ōmaʻomaʻu-ʻeleʻele i kaʻula, a hiki i ka 12 knm ke anawaena. Ke ulu nei ke kino o ka haʻalulu i lalo, a hiki i ka 10 knm ke kiʻekiʻe. Ke ulu nui nei ka nui i ka hāʻule. ʻO nā'āpana o ka haʻakai nui,ʻeleʻele i keʻano.
Paxillus obscurisporus
ʻO nā hauhū o ka puaʻa Paxillus obscurisporus i kapaʻia heʻona make loa a keʻano like me keʻano o ka chaboris (Clitocybe genus). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa, heʻeleʻele, ma mua o nā papa keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka pāpale a me kaʻeleʻele,ʻaʻole nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e like me nā mea govorushek. Hiki ke ulu pinepine ka hamo i lalo o nā lindens a iʻole nā lāʻau laulā a ma nā wahi ākea paha. Loaʻa kona pā nui ma mua o nā puaʻa'ē aʻe. Pulp me ka meaʻalaʻole, kaʻono - kaʻona. ʻO ke kālepa he'ōniʻula gula ia, me ke anawaena he 4-13 cm, me kahi kuapoʻi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka'ūhā o ka haʻuki a hiki i 8 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, pālahalaha iki mai ka lepo aku i ka pāpale a heʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻouluʻana - Iulai - Kepakemapa.
Paxillus rubicundulus
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau puaʻa he puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu like me ke anawaena o 15 cm o keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻu-ʻeleʻele me kahiʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kino he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo-ʻano kalamele a hoʻololi i ka wā i haki ai i keʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mahele o ka pāpale he maʻemaʻe a heʻoluʻolu. He lahilahi ka wāwae, he 8 knm kiʻekiʻe, he kōmaʻomaʻo mua, a laila e loaʻa i ka lanuʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele. Ua hoʻolaha nuiʻia kēiaʻano haroki i Europa. Hāpai kēia puaʻa puaʻa i ka ulu ma nā kahawai, i nā māla ulu me ka lepoʻala a hoʻokumu i nā symbiosis me alder.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Kapaʻia nā hauha i ka inoa o ka mea ulu. Aia i loko o lākou ka nui o ka protein, nā amino acids pono no ka hana o ka lolo maʻamau, nā hua B a mea e pale ai i ka pūnaewele'ōpiopio, nā mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kāpiliʻana i ka toto, beta-glucans e hoʻonui i kaʻilima, a me nā mea pono'ē aʻe.
Paxillus vernalis mushroom
Loaʻaʻia ka hakina ma nā ululāʻau mauna o North America, Estonia, Great Britain, Denmark. Kūkulu i kahi hōʻailona me aspen a me birch. ʻO ka manawa o kaʻaiʻanaʻoʻAukake -ʻOkakopa. Hiki ke heleleʻa ka pāpale, heʻanoʻokoʻa keʻano o ka'ōlena kalaʻula-kala. Hikileʻa paha konaʻili a hina paha. Ma lalo o ka pāpale i hoʻonohoʻia nā papa melemele. ʻO ka'ōpī o ka pūʻali he meaʻiʻo,ʻeleʻele, me kaʻaʻohe pua. ʻO kona'ōmele uliuli i ka hoʻololi e hoʻololi i kaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka'ūwae he 9 knm ke kiʻekiʻe, 2-2.5ʻelima ke anawaena,ʻo ke kala e pili ana me ke kala o ka pāpale.
He mea nui! ʻO Svinushka nui synthesizes muscarin. He mea make loa ia, kahi e like me ka meaʻawaʻawa o ka mushroom ula. ʻAʻole i'ānaiʻia i ka wā e puhiʻia nā pūlaʻi.
ʻO kaʻaiʻana i nā puaʻa he mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hopena o ka makani ma kahi hopena. No laila, ma mua o kaʻaiʻana i hoʻokahiʻano puaʻa, ponoʻoe e koho i kou kohoʻana - i mea e pōʻino ai kou ola aʻaʻole paha. He aha nā meaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi noʻoe -ʻo ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā puaʻa a me ke ola paha, e hoʻoholo noʻoe iho.
