E hālāwai me "Malbec"! ʻO kaʻina waina mai France mai

Malbec e pili ana i nāʻano kumu waina.

ʻO kāna kumu waina me kahi kūpono kūpono e hoʻolako ai i nā mea kūpono no ka hanaʻana i nā meaʻona, nā kīnā, nā waina nui o nā kīnā i hiki ke paio me Cabernet nui a me Merlot.

ʻO Malbecʻano likeʻole

No ka uluʻana o nā mea ulu o kēia kumu waina heʻano maikaʻi ka awelika o ka ikaika a ʻo ke kūpiopio maikaʻi.

Leaves:

• keʻano o keʻano, ka liʻiliʻi (16x18 cm);
• i keʻano o ka haukapili;
• elima a me ekolu-lobed;
• kūpikipiki -'okihune;
• nāʻano likeʻole o ka hoʻokipa.

ʻO ka lepa leʻaleʻa he liʻiliʻi, heʻano liʻiliʻi, me kaʻaoʻao i hoʻopiliʻia. Kuhi pinepineʻia ka top o ka pepa, akā i kahaka a paniʻia me ka lalo.

Ke wehe mauʻia nāʻoki i lalo loa o ka lalo o ka pepa. Hoʻopauʻia ka pā ma ke kuhi a ma keʻano o kahi mele, ākea ākea.

Hoʻopiliʻia ka pepa me nā niho liʻiliʻiʻekolu. ʻO kaʻaoʻao lalo o ka lālā lau e loaʻa i kahi pāpale haʻahaʻa. He lahilahi ka'ōpala o ka lau,ʻokoʻa, keʻokeʻo i kaʻula.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ke kanaka,ʻoiai he pua bisexual nā pua.

ʻO Moldova, ka helu o Monte Cristo a me Galben Nou eʻikeʻia e keʻano pālua.

Nā Bunches conical, loose aiʻole sredneplotnye me ka awelika o ke kaha he 8x12 cm.

Berries a puni,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kokoke iʻeleʻele i keʻano, e like me ka nui mai 14 a 18 mm. ʻO ka peel heʻano ikaika a maʻalahi kona kino, i uhiʻia me ka hoʻopili inoa waxy. ʻO ka pulp o nā huaʻona he kino, heʻoluʻolu, heʻili.

Malbec - nā hua waina. ʻO ka manawa mai ka'ōpuʻu o nā'ōpiopio e hoʻonele ai i ke kaumaha he 140 - 145 mau lā. Hoʻomaka ka'ōpuʻu i ka makahiki lua oʻApelila.

ʻO ka hānau muaʻana,ʻo ia ka hoʻololi, hoʻohihi, a me ka nani.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike

E hoʻopaʻa i nā hua waina Malbec ma ka kiʻi ma lalo nei:

Hoʻomāʻau hanauna

ʻO kahi hānau o Malbec - hema hema o France, ka mokuʻo Cahors. E hōʻikeʻia ana kēiaʻano waina i lalo o nā inoa Auxerrois, Noir de Presac, ʻO Black Medir, Quercy, Cat, Cahors. ʻO Malbec ka hualoaʻa o nāʻano kāwili Montpellier a ʻO Hayak.

E like me kekahiʻano'ē aʻe, ua laweʻia mai ka waina i Farani mai Hungary e ka mea kanu waina Malbec.

Ma mua i hoʻokomoʻia i nā lāinaʻelima Bordeaux, akā,ʻaʻole i hiki iā Malbec ke paio me lākou no muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, koiʻana i ka mauna, nā hua kūponoʻole no ka loli o nā pua, a me ka hemahema i ka maʻi.

I ka wā wela o nā'āina oʻAmelika Hema, kahi i mahiʻia aiʻo Malbec mai ka makahiki 19, uaʻikeʻia kaʻano o nāʻano likeʻole he mau hōʻailona maikaʻi:

• hua 4-6 mau heni ma hoʻokahi hekita;
• huaʻai hua 1.5-1.6 (kiʻekiʻe);
• kaʻawaʻawa i ka ratio ratio 0,7% / 28%;

I kēia manawa ua uluʻo Malbec i Argentina, USA, Chile, France,'Awelika, New Zealand. Ma Russia, ua hoʻokomoʻia kēiaʻano likeʻole i ka papahana kūlike o nā'āpana'āpana'āpana IB a me IIA Crimea (Alushta, Saki, Evpatoria).

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā meaʻeha

ʻO ka waina maikaʻi loa nā maʻi anthracnose, ka maʻi lūlū a me ke kāhili hina.
ʻO ka luna kono anthracnoseaiʻole ka maʻi liʻiliʻi, he haroki maʻamauʻole,ʻaʻole he chlorophyll, hikiʻole ke kiʻi aku a me ka hānaiʻana i nā pūʻona pūpili i hōʻuluʻuluʻia e nā hua waina.

Hoʻomaka ka maʻiʻoi loa i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka wā ulu a hoʻopili i nā māhele'ōmaʻomaʻo o ke kumu waina.

ʻO ka pōʻino o ka maʻi liʻiliʻiʻaʻoleʻo ia wale nō e hiki ke hoʻopau i kekahi o ka mea kanu a hoʻoweliweli i ka ulu o ke kumu waina.

Hiki i nā'ōmaʻa hana hoʻohālike, i ka hopena o ka anthracnose, e ho'ōki i ka loaʻaʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka wai i nā lau. Hoʻonui kēia i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o ka wai ma o nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia o ke kumu waina.

Pau kēia mau mea i ka emiʻana o ka hau a me ke kūpikipiki maloʻo, a laila e hoʻoemi i ka hua o ka waina.

No ka paleʻana i ka hua waina mai ka anthracnose e hana nā papahanaʻoihana'onihana.

1. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā lālā i ka hāʻule aiʻole i ka punawai, ma mua o ka haʻiʻana o ka pua, e'ānaiʻia nā hua waina me ka prophylaxis no nā kumu hana. DNOC aiʻole nitrofen. I ka wā e ulu ana ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka momona:
2. 1% Bordeaux wai;
3. 0.4% mau hanana o homein, polycarbocin, polychomy, mical.
4. No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i nā meaʻeha o ka maʻi, ua hoʻopauʻia nā kumu waina i ka wā eʻokiʻana a puhiʻia.
5. Ke hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā māla no nā mea kanu, ua hoʻokuʻu maikaʻiʻia nā'āpala i hoʻopiliʻia a puhiʻia.
6. Ma mua o ka waihoʻana, holoiʻia nāʻoki i kahi hanana chinosola.
7. Pono e waihoʻia nā māla waina hou ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, e pale i nā wahi me kahi wai papauʻeleʻele: ma ke anuanu kiʻekiʻe,ʻo ka paepae o ka halo mai ka moku hoʻomaha a hiki i ka launa nui a me ka hihia o nā lāʻau.

ʻO ka maʻiʻaina maikaʻi loa makaiaiʻole ka lepo lalo. Hāʻawiʻia ia e kahi mīkini e hoʻolālā wale i kahi waina.

I loko o nā makahiki me ka nui o ke kahawai,ʻo ka lilo o ka lukuʻiaʻana o ka māla waina e ka lūlū ma ka neleʻana o nā mea pale eʻoi aku paha ma mua o 50%.

ʻO ka Mildew e hoʻopili i nā'ōpūʻoliʻoli. ʻO ka'ōpilikia i keʻano o ka koʻiʻole i loko o kahi mea kanu e alakaʻi aku i

• ka momona o ka mauu;
• e hoʻonāwaliwali ana i ke kumu waina;
• e hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i nā mahana haʻahaʻa;
• e ho'ēmi i ka meaʻono a me ka hoʻonui i ka waiʻona o ka wai.

ʻO nā mea hana pale e kaua ai i ka milipi e mālamaʻia i loko o ka pahu:

• maikaʻi ka loaʻaʻana o kahi māla waina ma kaʻaoʻao hema me kahi hauʻoli maikaʻi, e kau ana i ka kuhikuhiʻana o nā makani prevailing;
• i ka wā e hana ai i nā hana a pau e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili i nā hua waina - ka pīpī, ka'ūpī, ka hanaʻole, ka mikomoʻana, ka weheʻana i ka lepo, ka'ailawai, ka lūlū;
• e hoʻohana i ka meaʻai nūnē me ka microelements i 0.01 - 0.02% concentration, e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻohālike;
• i ke kauwela e hoʻolimalima i ka 5 - 7 mau hōʻailona me nā momona (1% Bordeaux wai, mical, arceride, polihom, Rydomil), me nā'āpana hana o ka moana;
• me ka lōʻihi o nā wānana 25-30 cm;
• mamua o ka pua;
• i ka hopena o ka pua;
• ma hope - ma muli o nā kūina o ke aniau.

I ka wā o ka uluʻana,ʻaʻole pono e mālamaʻia nā hua waina me nā lāʻau'ōpiopio, no ka mea heʻawaʻawa nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pollen a hoʻopilikia i nā kīhāpai.

ʻO ke kumu 'ākala hina ʻO ka haʻuki-parasa maikaʻiʻole. I nā kūlana o kaʻoi aku o ke kūlana o ke kuʻiʻana,ʻo keʻano o ke kīhāpai a me nā huaʻala, he mea nui loa ia, a ma muli o kaʻokiʻana o nā pūpū.

No ka hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka lilo o ka'ōpala mai ka'ōpala, ponoʻoe:

• ka lawelawe kūpono i ka hale kiaʻi a me ka hahaiʻana;
• e hoʻonele i nā wili lepo;
• e hoʻohana i ka hoʻouluʻana i ka fungicides.

I ka maʻi oidiumi hanaʻia e nā marsupia, ua kūpaʻa mauʻo Malbec.

ʻAʻole hoʻi mākou e pale i nā hana palekana e pili ana i ka bacteria bacteria, chlorosis, ka maʻi paakiki a me ke kino.

Uaʻikeʻia ma mua o ka 800 mauʻano i ka waina. pōʻai holoholona,ʻo ka hapanui o ia mau mea he mau'īnaʻi.

Phylloxera (he lāʻauʻawa mai ka'āpana aphids) -ʻo ka'ōpū hoʻonā maikaʻi loa, he aʻa,'ēheu, heʻano holoholona a me ka lau.

Loaʻa nāʻano aphids a pau ma nāʻano rootstock a me kekahiʻanoʻano o nāʻano hua waina.

Nā hana hanaʻimi kūikawā e manaʻoʻia ke kuhi o ka pest penetration in non-contaminated areas:

• ka mea kanu waina ua mālamaʻia ka'ōpala (disinfection me Hulina a hoʻokuʻu paha i ka HCHs)i alakaʻiʻia fumigation me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka methyl bromide.
• nāʻano mahiʻai o nā hua waina ma nā lepo one a hoʻonuiʻia i nāʻano lepo'ē aʻe hiki ke pale i nā vines phylloxera.

ʻO ke kaua me ka'ōpala lau hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapalapa maikaʻi wale nō no nā mō'īwahine'ōnaehana pakiaka. I ka manawa like e hanaʻia ai nā kinona iʻelua mau hanana:

• i loko o ka manawa o ka hoʻopiʻi pua (kū'ē i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i nā kānaka);
• ʻikeʻia ka puka 9-12 (e pili ana i nā'ōmole o ka hanauna mua).

Me ka pānaʻi maʻamau ke kū'ēʻiaʻo Malbec ʻo ka lauoho waina pono e hoʻomeameaʻia a hoʻounaʻia ma kahi o ka'āina mālama ana mai kēia pest.

Ka mālaʻiʻana i ka māla waina me nā'ōnaehana (decis, cymbush, sumicidin) a hoʻohana i nā lāʻauʻokoʻa (lepidotsid, dendrobatsillin, actofit) hāʻawi i kahi maikaʻi ma ka hoʻolālāʻana i hoʻolālāʻia:

• i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka puka mua o nā anuhe Lypertis;
• 10 mau lā ma hope o ka hana muaʻana;
• me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka pukaʻelua o nā anuhe.

Of ka palekana mechanical nā huawaina mai ka moth i manaʻoʻia ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka lukuʻiaʻana o nā pūpū i'ōʻinoʻia.

ʻO nāʻano hana e pili ana me nāʻanoʻano o ka lau, ka hua waina a me kaʻahaʻaina, uaʻano like me nā hua waina.

'Ohiʻi nā hua Malbec me ko lākouʻiliʻeleʻele hep.

ʻO nā pupuhi pūnū, nā huapalapala a me nā hōʻailona i mea e pono ai ka lukuʻiaʻana o kēia mau mea hōʻailona ma nā pūnana. No ka meaʻaʻole e hoʻonui i kaʻohi o ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohana mahele, nā pahu me nā puka a me ka paʻi i loko.

Me nāʻupena hana i hanaʻia e kaʻoihana (e like me ka WT 202,ʻApa Arā Garden trap), hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana ma keʻano he mea kūʻai aku a me ke kumukūʻai i kahiʻeleʻele leka maʻamau me kaʻokiʻana i luna.

Hoʻokomoʻia ka hamololoa hopena i loko o ke kino, ma mua i kau mua i kahi paunu ma lalo - nā huahana i loko o ka protein a me nā'ōpona (nā'āpana o kaʻiʻo aiʻole ka sugapona).

Me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o kahi māla waina, hiki iāʻoe ke pale aku i nā wepa ma ka uhiʻana iā lākou "uhi" o nā meaʻona (tulle,ʻeleʻele āpau-hoʻokahi) me ka paʻa i lalo.

Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā "uhi" like he ala e paio ai i ka'iliaʻana o nā huawaina e nā manu. E like me keʻano o ka hōʻike, hōʻike maʻalahi nā manu i nā mea likeʻole - nā aniani, nā mea momona, nā kolo - a oki i ka paneʻana iā lākou.

ʻO kahi hopena maikaʻi no ka mālamaʻana i nā huawaina mai ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā manu e hiki nō hoʻi ke hāʻawi:

• ua kauʻia i 2-3 mau lālani ma waena o ka lepa, a ua hoʻopaʻaʻia nā hua waina, ke aho lawaiʻa, aiʻole ke aho paʻakikī;
• ʻO ka uhiʻana i nā lāʻau me kaʻupena lawaiʻa maʻamau a me ka lole hulu.

Ma muli o nā manaʻo no ka mahiʻana i kēiaʻano waina, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Malbec, me kona mau meaʻona honua, no ka i ka loaʻaʻana o ka waina ola, me kaʻono nui o nāʻala o ka hua a me ka meaʻala maikaʻi.

Ma waena o nāʻano waina he mau mea kaulanaʻo Rkatsiteli, Krasny, Montepulciano a me Red Delward.