Aia nā lāhui ponoi a pau i kēlā me kēia'āina, iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe i kahi i kūpono i kekahi wahi, akā keʻano likeʻole i kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai he "pipi" kaulana loa i kēiaʻano a he mau bipi ia, makemake wau e haʻi mua iā ia. Eʻike i ka mea i kaulana i nā bipi i Belarus, a he mea kupaianaha no ia.
ʻO kaʻaiʻana i nā bipi pipi a me nā bipi waiū ma Belarus
Aia ka piha o ka waiū kau ma kahi o 85% o ka hoʻopau holoʻokoʻa honua holoʻokoʻa, no laila,ʻaʻole ia he mea e kahaha ai no ka Belarusians e hoʻolako i ka hana. No laila, i loko o 7 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻoihana ma ka'āina: mai 6,500,000 tononi i ka 2011 a hiki i 7,500,000 tononi i 2017. Inā piʻi mākou mai kēia ulu ulu, hiki i ka hopena o 2018, e hoʻonuiʻia kēia helu e kekahi 1-2%, aʻo ka'āinaʻo Minsk,ʻo ia hoʻi ka Logoisk a me Volozhin, i kapaʻia he alakaʻi i ka hana lawaiʻa ma ka'āina.
E heluhelu e pili ana i nā pono o ka waiū bipi no ka kino kanaka.
ʻO ka mahele kūʻaiʻana o ka waiū a me nā mea laʻa e pili ana i 70%, no laila e hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo heʻuʻuku ma mua o ka hapahā o ka puka i pukaʻia no kaʻaiʻana o ka home, a, no ka mea, ua lawa kēia. No kaʻaiʻana o ka'āina, eia hoʻiʻo Belarus e hoʻonui nei i ka wikiwiki. No laila, i ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka pipi i 8% ma mua o nā makahikiʻehā i hala, a ma ka makahiki 2020 ua hoʻolālāʻia e hoʻokuʻu aku i 152 mau tononi o iaʻano iʻa ma waho. Wahi a nāʻike kuhihewa, i ka mean, hoʻokahi mea Pelarusian e hoʻopau i kahi 100 kilokiʻi o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, aʻo ka hapalua o kēia helu he pipi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka inoa o ka puaʻa ("beef") ka hua'ōlelo mai ka hua'ōlelo Russian kahiko loa "beef",ʻo ia hoʻi "bipi".
ʻO nāʻano bipi o nā bipi i kaulana i ka Repubalika
ʻO ka noʻonoʻo nui loa i ka pipi ma ka'āina, ua hānaiʻia nā bipi i nā makahiki a pau ma nā mahiʻai ma kahi kūʻokoʻa a me ka moku'āina, e koho ana i kaʻiʻo wale nō, akā, i nāʻano momona. ʻO nā mea i kaulana loa he mauʻelele no kaʻeleʻele-mīkini, a me ka pale-steppe a me nā pōhaku o Simmental, kahi iʻikeʻia e ka nui o ka huahana.
ʻO Black a me motley
ʻO ka lālā ka mea nāna i kuhikuhi i ka hānaiʻana o nā bipi a uaʻikeʻia ma Netherlands ma nā kenekulia XVIII-XIX. ʻO nā kūpuna o nā lālā o nā lālā hou o nā lāhui Dutch a me'Ostfriz, akā, no ko lākou mau maʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea paʻakikī, pono nā mea hoʻokae maikaʻi e hoʻonui i ka lāhui i ke kenekulia 20, aʻo ka hopena hoʻi ua hoʻonuiʻia kā lākouʻai. ʻO ka mahele nui o nā bipi pipiʻeleʻele i lilo i lāhuiʻano likeʻole i ka makahiki 1960. No ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona waho, he mea kūpono ke kuhikuhiʻana i kēia mau mea:
- ke poʻo - lōʻihi, me kahi pale elongated;
- nā pepeiaohao - hina, me nā hopena pouli;
- ka'ā'ī - ke kauleka i ka lōʻihi, me ka hanaʻole o nāʻiʻo i haʻiʻia, akā me nā pūʻali;
- ka umauma - ka laulā lautele, hohonu o 70-75 wm.
- ke kua - pālahalaha, me ke ala pololei i lalo a me kahi'āpana nui;
- nā wāwae - maikaʻi a ikaika, paʻapaʻa;
- ka'ōpū - maikaʻi loa, me ka mea like a me nā mea likeʻole.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā bipiʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo ma ka mea maloʻo he 130-132 knm (kahi lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi - 158-162 cm), me ke kaumaha o 550-650 kilokani i nā wāhine a me 900-1000 kilokani i nā kāne. Ma ka hānauʻana,ʻo ka kaumaha o nā keiki bipi he 37-42 kilokani.
He mea nui!ʻO nā bipiʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo ma Belarus he 99.8% o ka nui o nā hanauna hānai.Hiki i kēia mau bipi ke hoʻonani i nā hōʻailona maikaʻi o ka huahelu, akā naʻe, ua hilinaʻi nui lākou ma ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa. I ka maʻamau, ponoʻoe e nānā i nā kumuhana i lalo:
- ka wai o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki - 3500-6000 kg;
- ka momona momona - 3.4-3.6%, me ka waihona protein i 3.1-3.3%;
- ka pepehi kai - 55-60%;
- ke poʻo - ke kūpono, a no ka wikiwiki o ka hale nāwaliwali e pono ai ka meaʻai me ka hapa iki o nā mea hoʻopihapiha nui.
Pono eʻikeʻia i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana me nā bipi kauō,ʻo ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o nāʻelele o kēia lāhui e hiki ai iā lākou ke komo i kekahi o nā wahi alakaʻi i ka mākaʻikaʻi hou. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hānau me nā holoholona i ka'āina i kēia mau lā, no laila, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hua o ka huahana ma nāʻaoʻao a pau.
E nānā i nā mea hānai maikaʻi loa a me nā bipi pipi i ulu i Rusia.
ʻO Red Steppe
ʻO kekahi i pālahalahaʻia ma Belarus puaa no nā bipi pipi. ʻOiaiʻo ka nui o ka mea iʻoi aku ka nuiʻole o nā mea i hala ma mua o ka poʻe i hala ma mua o ka'āina,ʻaʻole lākou eʻike iki. ʻO ka moʻolelo o kaʻikeʻana o ka pua e hoʻi i ka XVIII mau makahiki, aʻo kona mau kūpuna he mau bipi ia no ka hānaiʻana o nā'ānela a me nā bipi kaulike. I ka halaʻana o nā makahiki heʻumi aʻe nei,ʻaʻole i hoʻomaha loa nā hana hoʻoikaika no ka hoʻonuiʻana i nāʻano o nā holoholona hou, a ua hou aku nei nā meaʻepekema e hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka mea lawaiʻa a me nā meaʻai ma o ka heleʻana i kahi hopena me nā lālā o ka lāhui Danish keleʻele. ʻO nāʻaoʻao o nā holoholona o kēia ao nāʻano o kēia mauʻano:
- ke poʻo - medium, me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeiao kani;
- ka'ā'ī - ka lahilahi, me ka nui o nā piʻi a me ke kuamoʻo;
- ka umauma - hohonu, akāʻaʻole nui ka laulā, hōʻano ikiʻia ka dewlap;
- ke kua - pālahalaha, he ākea kaʻaoʻao hope;
- nā wāwae - maikaʻi a ikaika;
- ka'ōpū - nui, akāʻaʻole nānā i ka pilule;
- pā - i ka nui i ka nui, i'ōwiliʻia (i kekahi manawa he mau bipi me ka lolo o keʻanoʻole);
- ke kumu -ʻulaʻula, me nā kahaʻokoʻa a me ke keʻokeʻo.
I ka poʻe maloʻo,ʻo ka kiʻekiʻe o nā bipi o kēiaʻanoʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 136-129 cm (ke kani lōʻihi - 155-160 cm), me ke kāne he kāne 800-900 kg a me nā wāhine i loko o 550-600 kg. Heʻokoʻa ke kaumaha o nā keiki hou i 30 kg, akā kokoke i ka pihaʻeono makahiki hiki iā lākou ke hiki i 185 kg.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka bipi hope loa i heluʻia ma ka Guinness Book of Records,ʻo ia ka bipi a Blos, noho i Illinois a make i ka makahiki 2015 ma hope o kaʻeha o ka wāwae. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe he 190 knm, aʻaʻole nō i loaʻa kaʻikepili aupuni i hakihaʻiʻia kēia moʻolelo.Ke kūkākūkāʻana i ka'opi'ōpiopioʻulaʻula,ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke kōkua akā e hoʻolohe pono i nā mea hōʻailona o ka huahelu, no ka mea,ʻo ia, heʻoiaʻiʻo, ua waiwaiʻia nā holoholona. ʻO nā'ilā maʻamau i kēia hihia e like me kēia:
- ka wai o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki - 3500-4500 kg;
- ka momona momona - 3.7-3.9%, me ka waihona protein i 3.2-3.5%;
- ka pepehi kai - 54-56% (hikiʻole i nā'ōpū ke hana maikaʻiʻia ma nā bipi a me nā bipi);
- ka waiwai waiwai - Ma ke kaulike, me ka momona momona, 900 g no ka lā.
Ma muli o nā haʻawina liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai i waho, ua koi nuiʻia ka bipi pipiʻeleʻele ma Belarus, akā ma Rusia hoʻi e pili kokoke ana,ʻo ia ka nui o kona hiki a me ka makaukau e hoʻololi ai i kahi kūpono.
E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hānaiʻana i nāʻano momona o ka bipi.
Hoʻomākaukau
ʻO ka mea mua loa o nāʻano a pau. ʻAʻole nō i loaʻa i ka poʻe noiʻi kekahi manaʻo kuʻuna e pili ana i ka hopena o kēia mau meaʻai a me nā mea hānai manu, aʻo ka mea wale nō i'āponoʻia e ka'āina hānau - Switzerland. Wahi a kekahi o nā manaʻo, aia i waena o nā kūpuna o nā manawa o Simmental (ʻo ka inoaʻeluaʻo Bern), aia nā huakaʻi'āhiu me nā bipi hānai, a ma muli o ka lua, nā bipi kau Scandinav i laweʻia i nā'āina Swiss ma kaʻelima kenekulia nā kūpuna o ka pua. Ma waho, he mau bipi iʻikeʻia a nani nā mea, kahi e kū ana mai ke koena me ko lākou mau waho:
- ke poʻo - lahilahi, nui, me ka lae nui a me ka uila māmā a me nā puʻu.
- nā kukui mālamalama - ka liʻiliʻi, ka hapanui e hoʻokau i kaʻaoʻao;
- ka'ā'ī - ka pōkole a me ka muscular, e hele pololei i ka umauma;
- ka umauma - hohonu,ʻo nā bipi he meaʻike maopopo loaʻia;
- ke kua - ka palahalaha, ke lihi i ke ala lōʻihi a me ka sacrum (he whānui ka croup);
- nā wāwae - Hiki kūpono, hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia, me nā mākoki mākoanoa ma lalo;
- ka'ōpū - keʻokeʻo, he mau pīkole, akā, kū ma waho o nāʻaoʻao, ua puni ka nalu;
- ke kumu - kaomi aiʻole ka'ōmole-mīkini,ʻoiai he mauʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a heʻulaʻula-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
He mea nui! Ma waena o nā lālā o kaʻohana i kekahi manawa he mau kānaka me nā wāwae o ka hind, hoʻonohonohoʻia e like me nā elepani. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona ka mea iʻikeʻoleʻia he kinoʻole a me ka pāpāʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana o nā holoholona no ka hoʻohāpaiʻana.ʻO ke kaumaha o ka bipi kāne male mai 550 a 900 kg,ʻoiai ua hōʻea nā bipi i nā koina o 850-1300 kg. Ma ka manawa like,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bipi keiki hou i 45 kg,ʻo ia ke kumu i hana pinepineʻia ai ka hānau mua me nā pilikia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma kaʻokiʻana o ka bipi kāne'ōpio ma waena o 145-155 cm me kahi lōʻihi o 160 cm.

- ka wai o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki - 3500-5000 kg a oi aku;
- ka momona momona - 3.8-4.0%, me kahi o nā protein i hiki i ka 4-5%;
- ka pepehi kai - 55-65%;
- ka meaʻai maikaʻi - kiʻekiʻe,ʻike 'ia e konaʻoni kaloloa kiʻekiʻe;
- ke poʻo - ke kūʻai maikaʻi i nā mea kūʻai'ōpiopio 850-1100 g no ka lā;
- ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hānauʻana o nā keiki bipi māhoe.
E aʻo pehea e mālama ai a pehea e hānai ai i kaʻohana bipi Simmental.
He mau ikaika nā bipi a me nā manu lōʻihi, akā,ʻaʻole ia he mea hiki ke mālama iā lākou iʻoi aʻe kaʻino ma mua o nā mea i haʻiʻia. Eʻikeʻia kekahi o lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea i loaʻa i keʻano o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me kaʻai maoli maikaʻi, a inā mākou e noʻonoʻo pono i nā helu kūʻai o nā pipi Belarusian a me ka waiū, maopopo loa i ka poʻe mahiʻai o ka'āina.