ʻAneʻAmelika: TOP 7

Aia i ka honua nei he 1000 mauʻano likeʻole o nā pipi (bipi). I mea e hiki ai i nā mahiʻai ke hālāwai i ko lākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka huahana holoholona a me ka hoʻololiʻana i kahi nohona, pono lākou eʻike i nāʻano o kēlā me kēiaʻano a me kona mauʻano pono. Ma kēiaʻano, he meaʻoluʻolu kaʻikeʻana i nāʻano o nā holoholona pipi a kaulana loa i ka'āina nui e like me nā USA.

ʻO kaʻaiʻana i ka pipi a me ka waiū hānai ma USA

ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o kaʻoihana pipi a me nā mea lawaiʻa ma ka honua,ʻo iaʻoʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. ʻO ka pūnaeweleʻoihana wai nui nui loa aia ma ke komohana o ka'āina. Hāʻawi lākou i kaʻoihana ma luna o 6.9% o nā hua laʻa mai ka hana honua a pau,ʻo ia hoʻi he 750 miliona tononi o ka waiū.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, uaʻike ka moku i ka emiʻana o ka waiū mai i ka 22% ma mua o ka heluʻana o ka makahiki 2014. Loaʻa ka noiʻana i nā huahana - ma ka nui o nā kumu no ka hoihoi o nā mea kūʻai i nā mea inu.

No laila, e like me nā mea hoʻonaʻauao, a hiki i ka 2020, hiki ke kūʻaiʻia ke kūʻaiʻana o nā huakiʻi meaʻai ma 11%,ʻo ia hoʻi he 15.9 bili kālā. I ka manawa like, aia he koi no ka mea i kapaia "ka waiu waiu" ma na Mokuaina. I kēia lā,ʻo ka kūʻai kūʻaiʻana o ia mea inu he $ 2 biliona.

ʻO ka pipi,ʻo ka hoʻouluʻana mai ka makahiki 2005 a hiki i ka makahiki 2014 ua emi iho ka 19%. Wahi a CattleFax, he hui kūʻokoʻa, i ka makahiki 2015, he 25 kilokani kaʻiʻo o ke kanaka kūʻai, akā i ka makahiki 2005, he 30 kg kēia. Ua'ōleloʻia ma ka hopena o ka 2018, e hoʻonuiʻia ka liloʻana o kaʻiʻo beef i 26 kg i kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ka hana ponoʻana o ka pipi no nā makahiki a pau, he mau mea paʻa. Loaʻa ka makemake o ka honua no ka meaʻai mai ka US, a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana.

E nānā i nā'ōlani o 7 nā bipi.

He aha ka hopena o nā bipi i kaulana i nāʻAmelika?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nāʻano likeʻole o nā pipi i loko oʻekolu mauʻano: ka lawaiʻa, kaʻiʻo a me kaʻiʻo a me ka waiu. Heʻokoʻa nā luna o kēlā me kēiaʻano i nā pākuʻina, waho, nā huahana huahana, a pēlā aku. MaʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, uaʻike nuiʻia nāʻano o nā pedigreeds.

ʻO Ayrshire

ʻO ka cow cow ka pili holoholona. Ua mālamaʻia kēiaʻano i ka XVIII, Scotland,'Ayār County. Ma keʻano he kumu kumu no nā holoholona Ishir, aia nā bipi a me nā bipi i hānauʻia ma kahi o ka'āina, a ma loko o nā maʻi i hoʻokahe ke koko o nāʻohana Dutch a me'Alderney. Ua loaʻa ka mana o ka pua i ka makahiki 1862. Kaʻike waho Loaʻa nāʻona bipi a Ayrshire:

• ke kumukānāwai kūʻokoʻa, kūʻokoʻa;
• nui loa;
• nā lālā lōʻihi ikaika;
• ʻO ke poʻo nui, kahi i hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia nā pepeiao.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i kaʻano o nā bipi.

ʻO ka lauoho pōkole a me ka lauoho o ka wahine wahine, he helehelena momona maikaʻi ia, kahi e kū ai nā kikola ulaʻula i waho i kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 125 knm,ʻo ke kaumaha o nā holoholona hiki i: wahine - 480 kg, bipi - 700-800 kg.

Nā huahana huahana ʻAʻole i nui wale ka nui o nā hua laʻau, akā, heʻano kiʻekiʻe loa nō hoʻi ma muli o ka heluna liʻiliʻi o nā pūpū nono, nā mea'enela kiʻekiʻe a me ka momona momona maikaʻi. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai e pono.

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki Hiki i nā'Asveshire ke hoʻonui i 5,000 kilokika o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
2. Milk Fat e like me ke 4% i ka 4.3%, e like me ka 3.3% i 3.5% ke kumu waiwai.
3. Ka Maturation o nā wahine wikiwiki. Ma hope o 1.5 mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia. Hānauʻia nā keiki bipi me kahi kaumaha o 25-30 kg, akā loaʻa lākou i ke kaumaha i ka wikiwiki a hiki ke hoʻonui i kā lākou mau'onikala kaumaha ma kahiʻoi aku o 10 ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki.
4. Holo i ka make kaʻiʻo - aneane 50%.

Holstein (Holstein-Friesian)

ʻO ka alakaʻi i kaulana i ka United Statesʻo ia ka pua Holstein, i hānaiʻia ma ka'ākau o ka'āina. He mauʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele kona mau kūpuna, iʻike muaʻia ma nā'āinaʻEulopa a ua laweʻia mai iʻAmelika i ka waena o ke kenekulia XIX.

E heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka momona Holstein.

Mahalo i nā makahiki he nui o ka hana a nā poʻe hoʻoheona i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka lāhui, aʻike lākou i nā hua maikaʻi loa, ua uluʻia kekahiʻano holoholona, ​​i kapaʻiaʻo Holstein a me Holstein Frisian.

Kaʻike waho He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka bipi wahine Holstein, no ka mea, uaʻikeʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho:

• keʻano o keʻano o ka pahu.
• kaʻeleʻele a me ka motley;
• he poʻohiwi a he ikaika;
• He nui ka'ilua akāʻaʻole i'ōwiliʻia, me nā māmā i hoʻomohalaʻia.

ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi wahine makua e hiki i 600-700 kg, male - 900-1000 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka mea maloʻo:ʻo nā wahine 145-150 cm, bipi - 160 knm. Nā huahana huahana

Loaʻa nā koʻikoʻi o Holstein ma luna o ka mālama, mālama, nā meaʻai a me nāʻano hoʻolālā:

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i ka wahine ke hana i nā makahiki āpau mai 6500 a 9000 kilokilo o ka waiū, akā, ma o ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka mālamaʻana, a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻana i ka kiʻekiʻe, kūpono i nā huaora a me nā mea'enela, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻokō i ka waiū o 10,000 kg.
2. Milk Fat He 3-3.6%ʻo Burenka, aʻo 3-3.2% ka waihona waiwai.
3. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo. ʻO Holstein nā bipi nui loa i waena o nā lālā o nā hanauna hānai. Hiki i nā kāne ke hiki ke kau i nā paona a hiki i ka 1250 kg, aʻo nā wāhine, ma nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki ke piʻi i kahi 1000 kg. I ka manawa like, he 52-56% ka hua kanu o ka pipi. He maikaʻi kaʻai.

Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka alakaʻi o ka honua i ka hana waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua liloʻo ia i ka bipi o ka pua holstein. I ka makahiki 1983, no 305 mau lā, hiki iā mākou ke hānai i 25,000 kg o ka waiū. Hāʻawiʻia ka nui o ka waiū, ua emi iho ka momona o kona momona ma mua o ka maʻamau, a he 2.8%.

Hawaiian

ʻO kēia mau bipi, me ko lākou inoa, ua hānaiʻia e nā USA mai U. Cheney ma mua aʻe oʻekolu haneli mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ko lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona keʻanoʻeleʻele a me ka momona me nāʻeha keʻokeʻo ma hope o nā poʻohiwi a ma mua o ka maka.

Kaʻike waho Loaʻa i ka bipi kauō:

• ke poʻo maloʻo maloʻo me nā pepeiao lōʻihi;
• kino nui;
• 'ōnaehana puʻupuʻu maikaʻi i hoʻomohalaʻia;
• nā kūʻonoʻona kino pololei;
• nā poʻohiwi lōʻihi a me kahi sacrum nui.

ʻO ke kaulike o ka bipi kau i 900 kg, nā bipi - 550 kg. Ua hānauʻia ka bipi me ka awelika o ke kaumaha o 35-40 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka mea maloʻo he 132.5 knm, ma ka sacrum - 132.4 knm.

He mea nui! Nānā nui nā bipi Polani e pili ana i nā mea a me kaʻai, no laila, ka nele o nā kūpono kūpono e hoʻopilikia i ka huahua o ka holoholona.

Hiki i nā Lunamaka'āinana o ka lāhui Dutch ke hoʻonani i ka maikaʻi o ka waiū makahiki maikaʻi a me nā meaʻai:

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki ʻO ka maʻamau - mai 4,000 a 5,500 kilokika o ka waiū.
2. Milk Fat a nā pūmua protein e like me 38-4.1% a me 3.3-3.5%.
3. ʻO ka Precocity i ke kakahiaka ʻO ka manawa mua o ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o nā wāhine ma ka makahiki 14-18.
4. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo - ma waena o 52-60%.

Kala

ʻO nā pipi wahie kaʻai i nā meaʻai. Ua ulu nui lākou ma ka'ākau a me ka hema oʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. ʻO ka wahi hānau o nā Gallowayers ka māheleʻo Scottish o Galloway, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka hanaʻana i ka hanana o kahi puaʻa hou.

Hiki iāʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i ka nui o ka bipi kauō a me ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha, a me pehea eʻike ai i ke kaumaha o ka holoholona me nā mea kaulikeʻole.

Ma kahi kokoke i ke kenekulia XIX, ua laweʻia nā holoholona i Kanada a me ka USA, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka hana hana e hoʻonui i ka lāhui a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā bipi Gallouvean.

Kaʻike waho

I kēia lā, hiki i nā 'elele o kēia' ano ke hōʻike 'ia e:

• ʻO ke kapaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me ka "ke kāʻei keʻokeʻo" keʻokeʻo;
• iwi ikaika;
• ke kukuna elongated;
• he poʻo liʻiliʻi āpau ma kahi'ā'ī liʻiliʻi;
• ka pukaʻole o nā pepeiaohao.

ʻO kaʻiʻo o ka bipi Gallowian he palupalu, heʻoluʻolu, heʻalaʻono a he nui nā meaʻai nui.

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki Hana maikaʻiʻia ka Milk i nā holoholona, ​​no ka makahiki,ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka bipi i ka nui aʻe o 1500 kg o ka waiū.
2. Milk Fat he kiʻekiʻe a he like 4%. ʻO ka hikiʻana o ka protein mai 3.6% a 4%.
3. Hoʻopili ka nui o nā wāhine a hoʻomaka i 33 mau mahina.
4. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kaumaha ola, e hilinaʻi ana i ka hānaiʻana a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻaʻana, ke kaʻawale ka 800 g a 1.1 kg. Ma ka manawa like, i ka 15 mau mahina, ua like ka nui o nā bipi i 400-430 kg,ʻo ka nui o nā huapalapala he nui - 58-62%.

Jersey

ʻO kekahi o nā lālā kaulana o nā bipi hānaiʻo Jersey, ka mea i koiʻia e nā kānaka i ka'ōlelo Pelekania. ʻO ka inoa o nā holoholona i loaʻa mai ka inoa o ka mokupuniʻo Jersey, i loko o ka English Channel.

Paipai mākou iāʻoe e aʻo hou aku e pili ana i nā pua bipi o Jersey.

I nā makahiki mua o ka nohoʻana o nā holoholona, ​​uaʻae nā luna o ka moku iā lākou no ka laweʻana aku i mea e pale aku ai i ka heleʻana me nā holoholona'ē aʻe a mālama i ko lākouʻano maʻemaʻe. Ma nāʻoihana mahiʻai,ʻo ka lālā wale nō i hōʻikeʻia i ka makahiki 1872 wale nō. Kaʻike waho

ʻO nāʻokoʻa kūlana o ka lāhui Jersey:

• he kino lōʻihi, me ke kino kūpono me ke kua i hukiʻia;
• poʻo poʻohana kaulike;
• ka'ā'ī lahilahi me nā'āpana nui;
• ka nui, ka huehe hue;
• Heʻulaʻula kaʻili a me kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, i ka manawa ma lalo o ke kino, hiki ke paniʻia e nā wahi keʻokeʻo.

ʻO ka uluʻana i ka maloʻo o ka artiodactual he 120 knm.ʻO ke kaumaha ola o nā bipi mai ke 600 a 750 kilokika, o nā wahine - 400-450 kg.

Paipai mākou i ka heluheluʻana inā he maikaʻi nā mīkiniʻeleʻele no nā bipi.

Nā huahana huahana

Me kona huahua, hiki i ka Jersey burenka ke hoʻonanea i nā mea mahi maʻalahi loa:

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki I loko o ka makahiki e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o ka 4,000 kilokika o ka waiū, akā me ka mālama maikaʻi e hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa he 11,000 kg.
2. Milk Fat he kiʻekiʻe aʻoi aku ka mea iʻoi aku ma lalo o 5%,'oiho 5.5-6%, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka 7%. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā huapalapa ka pakeneka nui o nā protein.
3. ʻO ka Precocity kiʻekiʻe, i loko o ka makahiki makahiki, hiki i ka bipi ke hānau i nā hua. I ka manawa like, ua hānauʻia he keiki bipi he 22-25 kg i ka wā o ka paʻi.
4. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo keʻano haʻahaʻa, e ho'ākākaʻia ana e ke kikowaena o ka waiū maʻemaʻe, a he 50-54%.

Pōʻokoʻa

Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka pipi no ka mea liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau kiwi -ʻo nā hua'ōlelo "pōkole pokole" i ka'ōlelo Pelekania e like me kēia. ʻO kahi hānau hānau o ka puaʻoʻEnelani, kahi i hānaiʻia ai i ka makahiki XVIII, ma muli o ka heleʻana o nā bipi kauō a me nā bipi o ka poʻe Dutch. Ma hope mai, ua noho nā holoholona ma United States a me Kanada.

E heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka pua Shorthorn o nā bipi.

Kaʻike waho

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa o nāʻaoʻao o nā pōkole Pōkei penei:

• keʻano o ka pahu, ka ikaika, ka laulā, a me ka puʻupuʻu maikaʻi i hoʻonuiʻia;
• ke poʻo maloʻo maloʻo;
• ka'ā'ī kala liʻiliʻi.
• nā lālā ikaika a pōkole;
• ka nui o ka nui;
• ʻO ka wuluʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, he pinepine ka'ōwili i nā kaula;
• ʻo ka hapa nui o nā holoholona he ulaʻula, a ulaʻula, a hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa nā kānaka keʻokeʻo a me ka ula.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā bipi i ka poʻe maloʻo he 128-130 cm.ʻO ke kaumaha ola o ka bipi e like me ke 700-950 kg, nā wāhine - 550-750 kg. Me ka mālama maikaʻi, hiki i ke kaumaha o nā holoholona ke piʻi i kahi 1300 kg a 800 kg.

Nā huahana huahana No ka mea, no kaʻiʻo o kaʻiʻo, hikiʻole keʻoluʻolu me kāna mau huahana kiʻekiʻe loa ma nāʻano o ka waiū.

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki ʻO kaʻawelike o nā kau makahiki he 2500-3000 kilokika.
2. Milk Fat he 3.8% ka 3.9%.
3. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo i waena o nā lālā pōkole,ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nāʻano'ē aʻe, a ua kokoke i 75-80%. I kēia hihia, ua hānauʻia ka bipi me ka kaumaha o 25-35 kg, akā i kēia mau mahina i hala he 18 mahina, ua lilo kona kaumaha i 600 kg. ʻO ka loaʻaʻana i kēlā lā i kēia lā he 1-1.2 mau kilo.

He mea nui! ʻO ka hemahema nui o kēiaʻano he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, a ua lilo i ka nui maoli o ka nui o nā holoholona i hōʻole i kēia lā.

ʻO Schwycka

ʻO nā bipi o kaʻohana Swiss, kaʻiʻo a me ka waiū, uaʻikeʻia e ko lākou nani a me ka hanohano. ʻO ko lākou'āina'āinaʻo nā Alps ma Suedina, a he mau bipi pōkole no ka pōkole e noho ana i ka'āina no nā makahiki he nui. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kala a hoʻonui i ka huahana, kohoʻia ka poʻe koho i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa iʻikeʻia e nā waiū kiʻekiʻe a me nā hōʻailona o kaʻiʻo. Ua hele nā ​​holoholona iʻAmelika i ka pauʻana o ke kenekulia.

Keʻike neiʻoe? He wahaheʻe naʻaupōʻo Schowszkie. I ka nui o nā kumuʻaʻole lākou eʻae e hoʻohana no ka mīkini milia milikili, akā makemake i nā lima kanaka. Makemake lākou i ke aloha a me ka maʻi liʻiliʻi o ka nū ma mua o ka kānua.

ʻO nā bipi aʻo Shvitskie, heʻanoʻano haʻahaʻa, a he nui keʻano. Ua maikaʻi a kaulike lākou. Loaʻa iā lākou:

• ka lōʻihi lōʻihi lōʻihi;
• maikaʻi i hoʻomohalaʻia;
• nā poʻohiwi paʻa;
• ka'ā'ī ikaika;
• kumu maloʻo maloʻo;
• he kanaka nui me nā papahana maikaʻiʻehā.

Aia i nā holoholona nā lālā kūpono a kū paʻa i ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻO ka wahine wahine makua e pāʻani ana i kahi 500-800 kg,ʻo ka bipi - 1100 kg.

Nā huahana huahana

ʻO nā'ōmole o kaʻiʻo a me ka waiū, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe:

1. ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki No ka makahiki mai ka wahine mai ka 4,500 a 10,000 kg o ka waiū.
2. Milk Fat ma ke kaulike, hiki i ka 4%, aʻo kaʻenehana waiwai kahi 3.2-3.6%.
3. ʻO ka precocity o nā wāhine nui loa.
4. Hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo - ma kahi o 50-60% a kau i ka pilina, ke kaumaha a me ka makahiki. ʻOiai, he 35-40 mau mākona ma hope o ka hānauʻana. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka meaʻai nui,ʻo kona kaumaha he 250 kg. I ka 18 mau mahina, hiki ke kaumaha o ka holoholona i kahi 350-370 kg. Ke hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā lā a pau e like me 800-1000 g.

He hana maikaʻi nā puaa hānau, ma ka home a ma kahiʻoihanaʻoihana, no laila, e pono i nā mahiʻai'āina ke hoʻolohe aku i nāʻano i kaulana i ko lākou mau haole.

ʻO kēia ma muli o keʻano o ka hoʻololi maikaʻiʻana o kēia mau holoholona i nāʻano likeʻole, e ulu nui a ulu koke. A e hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou mai ka waiū lawaiʻa wale nō, akā, nā meaʻono, nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai.