ʻO ke ala lōʻihi o ka hoʻolāʻau a me kaʻike loea-kelekema o ke kanaka ua hele pūʻia me kekahi hoaaloha pono a me ke kōkua - he lio. Ma nā māla liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻohana nā māla i nā holoholona maikaʻi. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio ana mākou no kahi iʻa kupaianaha o nā lio -ʻo ka mea lawe hua kiʻi Soviet.
ʻAno i ka moʻaukala
I ka wā kahiko, ma nā wahi Lūkia, kahi i hālāwai pinepine ai nā ululāʻau me ka steppe, he mau nīnau wale nō ka pili o ka ikaika o ka ikaika ma ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā ululāʻau a no ka mahiʻai i ka'āina mahiʻai. ʻO ka pilikia no nā kānaka o kēia mau wahi,ʻo ia he lio māmā māmā, ka mea e pono ai ka poʻe noho ma ka'ākau'ākau,ʻaʻole e hiki keʻaʻa i nā hana kūpono no ka nele o ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui. I ka piliʻana i kēlā mau manawa liʻiliʻi o kahi lio kua'āina a me ka makemake nui o nā kānaka o ia'āina, ua mahalo mauʻia kekahi lio nui a paʻakikī. 
Ma mua o nā makahiki he 50 o ka 1900,ʻo nā lio hana nui nā mea i kapaʻia he bityugs - nā lio māmā o Tambov i kapaʻia ma hope o ka muliwai o ka muliwai, a me nā kāpili o kēia lio a me nā lio o ka'āina. Akā ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻomaka nā mea kūʻai'āina a me nā kālepa, e hoʻoholo ana e lilo i lālā o ke ao komohana, i ka laweʻana mai i nā ukana kaumaha a Europa - Brabancons a ua lawa - i Mordovia a me ka'āinaʻo Nizhny Novgorod, a ma hope aku i lilo i mea kōkua no ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi loli kaumaha Soviet hou.
E aʻo pehea e hana ai i nā lio, nā hoa, a me nā pua.Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke holo i kahi lio maikaʻi o Braban lio i Rusia, akāʻaʻole lākou i maʻalahi i ka ea Lūkini, heʻano kūponoʻole ke kumukānāwai. No laila, ua hoʻoholoʻia e kaʻahele i nā kāne o Brabancons a me nā poʻe o ka'āina. ʻAʻole i like ka nui o nā keiki o kēia keʻaʻana e like me "nā mākua," akā, uaʻoi aʻe ka nani o ke kino.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka hapanui o nā poʻe pilikino o kēia'ōpiopio hiki ke hoʻokuʻu loa i kahi kaʻaahi he 15 mau tononi.I loko o ke Kaua Kivila,ʻaʻole i laweʻia mai nā lio Pepelualia, aʻo ka ulu nui o nāʻohana puaʻa aia ma nā pāmuʻo Pochinok a me Mordovian. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka hapalua o nā makahiki he kanalima i hānauʻia i loaʻa nā hōʻailona wahoʻole o kaʻohana hou. ʻO nāʻano likeʻole o nā hōʻailona waho i lilo i kumu no ka hanaʻana i nā koho a hoʻoholo i nā hiʻohiʻona i hanaʻia o nā holoholona.
Akā, no nā hanana o ka Kaua Honua II, ua hiki i nā mea hoʻokele ke hana i ka laina hou o nā lio kaumaha wale nō i ka makahiki 1952 a kapaʻia ia he loli kaumaha Soviet. I ka halaʻana o nā makahiki he kanahā o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ikaika ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana o ka pua, aʻo nā lio a me nā māresi i hōʻike iā lākou iho i nā hakakā a me nā hoʻokūkū o ka honua. Akā, ma hope o ka emiʻana o ka USSR, ua hoʻomaka nā mea kaumaha kaumaha o ka Soviet i nā manawa kūpono loa: ua emi iho ka nui o nā mō'ī ma Mordovian a me Nizhny Novgorod kauhale kokoke i 50%,ʻo ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā polokalamu hoʻolālā no nā'ōpiopio i kāpaeʻia, hiki i ka manaʻo o ka nalowaleʻana o ka hua.He mea hauʻoli nō hoʻi e heluhelu e pili ana i nā mea maikaʻi loa o nā lio.I ko mākou manawa, ua paʻa ke kūlana i kekahi mau mea, akāʻo ka hana hou i loaʻa wale nō no ka mea he waiwai nui ka lio kaumaha ma nā'āina'Elepa a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO nā mea kūʻai nui o ka loiloi loloa Soviet he poʻe mahiʻai mahiʻai e pili ana i ke aloha aloha a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka mea i hanaʻia. Ma muli o nā kumukūʻai pilikia a me nā kumukūʻai wahie, ua hoʻomanaʻo pū kēia mau meaʻai i kēia mau lio. A hiki i kēia lā, hoʻomauʻia ka uluʻana o nā mea lawe kaumaha Soviet ma nā pā kula kulaʻo Mordovian a me Nizhny Novgorod, akā hiki keʻikeʻia kēia mau mea nui ma nā moku Vologda a me Kostroma o ka Russian Federation.
ʻO keʻano o ka loiloi kaumaha Soviet
ʻO keʻano o kēia holoholona hanohano a ikaika hoʻi e kamaʻilio ana i kona ikaika a me kona hoʻomanawanuiʻana. ʻO nā lio o kēia'ōpiopio ka mea nui loa no nā mea hoʻokipa i ka'āina o ka Russian Federation. E aʻo i nā mea kiko'ī e pili ana i nāʻano o nā lio o kēia lāhui. 
Wahi
ʻO ka mea mua e hāʻawi ana i kēia lio i kāna hana hana,ʻo ia ka pahu nui, ka ikaika a me ka pale kaua ikaika. Ua pāpaleʻia ka'ā'ī o ka'āpanaʻeleʻele me kahi poʻo o ka nui, me nāʻano kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā pāpālina a me nā puka ihu nui loa, akā, me ka nui o ka nui, he nani a he hanohano keʻano o iaʻano. Aia he pepeiao kūpono ma ke poʻo, he liʻiliʻi lākou, akā,ʻaʻole'ē lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi,ʻoiai he mauʻelele o kahi loilo kaumaha a nui nā pepeiao pepeiao.
ʻO ka poʻe i make ma kahi mālie, hāʻule iki i hope. Akāʻo ka hope o kēia lio e pono e nānā pono, no ka mea, ma ia mea e hiki ai iāʻoe ke noʻonoʻo pono i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomauʻana o kēia holoholona, no ka mea, he ikaika, ākea a hoʻopau me kahi ākea, hoʻokuʻuʻia, e kuʻi iki i ka croup.
E nānā i kēia mau lio: Vladimiriasia, Arabian, Shire, Orlovsky trotter, Frieze, Tinker, Falabella, Akhal-Teke a me'Apaloosa.ʻO nā mea mahiʻai e hoʻohana ana i nā loiloi kaumaha no ko lākou kumu i manaʻoʻia ai, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka kua o ka lio, no ka mea, ua hoʻoholoʻia e kāna hana. ʻAʻole hiki ke kaumaha i ka hopohopo Soviet i kēiaʻano: ke lilo ka laulā nui i mau lālā hopena ikaika me nā pūhaka puʻupuʻu a me ke kupunawahine. Hoʻopuka nā wāwae me nā kapuaʻi wāwae a me nā māiʻuʻu nui o keʻano pololei. ʻO nā kumu nui o kēiaʻano puaʻa:ʻanoʻulaʻula, red-roan, brown, bay and bay-roan. I kekahi manawa, aia kekahi mauʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, akā he mea paʻakikī kēia.
Nui
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka nui, kūpono e noʻonoʻo i ka piliʻana o nā lio a me nā hale. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi lio'elemāne he 900 kg ia,ʻo ka wahine kāne male he 700 kg. ʻO ka uluʻana no kēia'ōpiopio he kumukānāwai liʻiliʻi,ʻo nā wāhine he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ko nā lio, akā ke piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe mai 1.5 a 1.7 m.
Nā pūʻuluʻano
Mai ko lākou mau kūpuna mai,ʻo ka Belgians - Brabancons - nā hoʻokele kaumaha Soviet i loaʻa i ka makani maikaʻi a me ka mālie. Hoʻolohe pono lākou i ka wā e hana ai, mai hōʻike i ka huhū no kekahi kumu kūponoʻole.
E heluhelu e pili ana i nā lio ikaika, nā lio a me nā lio.
ʻEhia ka nui o ka huahana Soviet
Inā loaʻa iāʻoe ka lio mākino, ponoʻoe e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi puke moʻo puke. ʻO ka uku o ka lio e like me ka maʻemaʻe o ke koko, kahi o ka mahiʻai, ka makahiki a me ka wahine, a me ka maikaʻi o kona olakino. 
He mea nui! Ma mua o ka kūʻaiʻana i kēia holoholona, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea kūʻai aku i mea kūpono, e noi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā lapaʻau holoholona, a me nā palapala lāʻau e pili ana i ke olakino o ka lio.ʻO ke kumukūʻai no ka'ōpiopio hoʻokahi kahi kokoke i 1250 US kālā, i ka wā e ulu ana ka pēpē a hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi paha a me ka hapa makahiki,ʻo ke kumukuai he 1875 US kālā. Hiki i kekahi kanaka makua ke uku iāʻoe $ 2500-3125.
Ka mālama a mālama i nā lio
I mea e manaʻo ai ka holoholona i ka maikaʻi, pono e hana i nā kūpono kūpono no kēia.
Nā kūlana no kaʻike
ʻAʻole ka lio makamae Soviet he lio makamae nui, akā he mea nui ka hale noho ākea, kahi'āina no ka hele a me ka holoʻole, ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hānai hānai. No ke mālama ponoʻana i ke olakino a me ka noho maikaʻiʻana o ka holoholona, pono ka mea nona ka meaʻai eʻai pono i ka meaʻai pono'ī no ka mālamaʻana i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ka lio. Pono pono hoʻi e mālama i nā nānāʻana o kahi loilo kaumaha ma hope o ka lā hana no ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka loaʻa o nāʻeha a me nā maʻi. 
He mea nui! He Pono e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai ke ola o ka mea hōʻailona lio - pono ke kauka i nā hana hana kūlohelohe, a me nā hōʻikeʻana o nā holoholona e pono ai iʻelua manawa i ka makahiki.Pono pono ke nānā pono i ka maʻemaʻe o ka lio. Mai poina i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā puka ihu o ka lio ma hope o ka hana a iʻole kekahi hana'ē aʻe, a holoi pū nō hoʻi i nā māiʻu o ka lio me ke kui iʻole e luhi i ka luhi. E mālama pono a koi aku i ka lauoho lauoho: mane a me ka huelo e holoi iʻelua manawa i ka hebedoma e hoʻohana ana i ka ea. Ma hope o ka maloʻoʻana o ka lauoho, ponoʻoe e kāwili iā ia me kahi'ōpala mai nā mea kūlohelohe.
Nā Mea Mana
He pono nā hānai e hānai pinepine, e like me ka mauʻu maloʻo a me ka hou, a me nā mea kanu o ka huapalapala. I kēlā lā i kēia lā ponoʻoe e hāʻawi i ka nahele lio, nā mea kanu, mai poinaʻole i ka wai. No ka ulu maoliʻana, pono ka hānai liʻiliʻi i ka'ōpiopio liʻiliʻi me nā māla. Ma keʻano he mea hoʻoikaika a me ka momona, hiki iāʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā meaʻono me nā meaʻono, ka paʻakai, nā kāloti a me nā uala. 
Ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana
He 75% nā hōʻailona kūpili o kēia'ōpiopio. No ka hānauʻana o nā momona he kūpono ia a hiki i ke 16-17 makahiki, akā naʻe,ʻo nā lio o kēiaʻohana i hānau i nā keiki i ka 20 o nā makahiki. ʻO nā lio nui loa o Soviet he mau lio māla mua ia, i loko o ka manawa hānai, e loaʻa i nā'ōpiopio 2 kg i kēlā me kēia lā, a ma nā mahinaʻeono i hiki ke kaumaha i ka hapalua o ka ton. No kaʻoihana, ua hoʻokipaʻia nā poʻe'ōpio mai ka makahiki 2.5, a no ka hānauʻana, ua hoʻohanaʻia lākou noʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēiaʻano he nui nā waiū waiū.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka moʻolelo no ka hanaʻana i ka waiū lio he 6137 liters.ʻO ka'awaʻuwaʻu'ekeʻeha he 3000 lita no kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka hua o ka loiloi Soviet kaumaha hiki ke manaʻoʻia he waiwai waiwai nuiʻo Rusia. ʻO ka uluʻana o kaʻoihana mahiʻai e hiki ai ke mālama i ka hānauʻana o kēia mau holoholona, e like me ka hanaʻana o nāʻoihana lio. ʻO ke kūlana o kēia mau lio i ko mākou manawa, no ka mea, makemake kekahi mauʻoihana mahiʻai i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka ikaika o nā lio.
