He lāʻau lāʻau maikaʻi a ʻo Aronia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila ʻo ka ʻohana Rosaceae a he mea maʻamau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ko mākou ʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano me ka "chokeberry". ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā hua pua ma nā lehu o ke kuahiwi, ʻaʻohe mea like o ka chokeberry i kēia ʻano mea kanu, ʻaʻole ia i pale iā ia i kaulana loa i waena o ka poʻe māla. ʻO kahi kumulāʻau ulu a i nā nahele paha e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka teritori, a i ka hāʻule ʻana e leʻaleʻa ia me nā pupu ʻulaʻula ulaula. I ka manawa like, e mālama ka lāʻau i ka olakino o ka mea nona ka mea e hoʻopaʻa i nā huaʻai ʻono.
ʻO ka wehewehe lāʻau
ʻO Aronia kahi pā kanu deciduous perennial me kahi rhizome superficial. Loaʻa ia i ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau a i nāho paha me kahi lei ākea. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi lāʻau pākeke e hele i 3 m a ʻo ka laulā o ka m 2. ʻO ka ʻōpala a me nā lālā i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili maʻa. I nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, he wahi ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula, a me ia wā ua lilo ia i hina hina.
Ua uhi ʻia nā lālā i nā lau petiolate maʻamau o ke ʻano oval me nā kihi o ke kūlanakauhale a me kahi welau i kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lau o ka lau he 4-8 cm a ʻo ka laulā he 3-5 cm.ʻO ke kūaloko waena me nā lālā lateral e ʻike ʻia ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papakū papaha. Ma ke kua aia kahi pāpale kala pālolo. Hoʻolaha ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau i nā lau, a ma ka hapalua o Kepakemapa, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā, huli nā lau i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi kēia i ka māla i kahi hoihoi nani.
Hoʻomaka ka chokeberry pua i Mei, ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā lau. ʻO nā corollas liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aia ma kahi ākea corymbose inflorescence a hiki i 6 cm diameter. ʻO kēlā me kēia pua bisexual me 5 mau petala manuahi he nui o kahi nui o nā stamens me nā anthers palalona a aia ma lalo o ka stigma o ka ovary. Noho ka pua pua 1.5-2 mau pule, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake, e hoʻomaka nā hua - hua spherical a oblate paha i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ke anawaena o nā huaʻili he 6-8 cm.ʻO kahi ʻalaʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha i loaʻa i ko lākou ʻaoʻao.
Hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma ʻOkakopa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka hau. Kono lākou a loaʻa i ka mōʻī liʻiliʻi, nā mea ʻala a me ka hāʻono.
Nā ʻano punahele a me nā ʻano like ʻole
I ka hoʻomaka, ua loaʻa nā mea kanu 2 wale nō i loko o huaʻano o ka chokeberry, ma luna o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka 2 o nā mea hou aku i hoʻohui ʻia iā lākou.
Chokeberry Aronia. A kaulana kaulana kahi mea kanu mai nā ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. He pōkole pōkole, pinepine ka nui ma waena, i uhi ʻia i nā lau oval ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma nā pua hoʻoulu, ʻo ka maʻi thyroid inflorescences me kahi pua momona maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana, ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, e ʻāpala nā ʻiʻo ʻalani ʻeke, ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 1 g Ua loaʻa iā lākou nā mea he nui he hopena maikaʻi i ke kino o ke kanaka. Nā ʻano:
- Viking - nā wana pololei e kapala ana i nā kihi, uhi ʻia nā lau jagged o nā lau ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā poni-ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i hua ʻia;
- ʻO Nero kahi mea kanu pua aloha-pale me nā lau ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā hua nui he nui i nā huaora a me nā mea ikaika;
- Khugin - kahi pāhi a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe ua uhi ʻia i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli, kahi e huli ai i ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ka wā laula, ʻike ʻia nā hua ʻalani ʻulaʻula ma waena o nā lau.
ʻUlaʻula ka chokeberry. Hiki i kahi pua i nā pua pīhoihoi ke hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-4 m.ʻO ka lau oval me ka lōʻihi o ke aniani e ulu ana ma luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lau lau he 5-8 cm.ʻI Mei, ua ʻike ʻia nā inflorescences corymbose me nā kukui ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā pua keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka 1 cm ka lōʻihi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa, hua ʻuma a ʻulaʻula me kahi ākea o ka ʻāpala 0.4-1 cm, ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule i ka hoʻoilo.
Aronia Michurin. ʻO ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka ʻepekema kaulana ʻo E.V. ʻO Michurin, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIX. ma ke kumu o chokeberry, kau ʻo ia i ka pua me ka nui o ka pua a me nā hua. Loaʻa nā pua i ka nui o ka nectar a lilo i ʻano like me ka lāʻau meli. Nui nā huaʻai i nā mea kanu (nā huaora a me nā minela). Hoʻomaka ka pua ʻana i kekahi mau pule ma hope aku. Hoʻomaka ka ʻono ʻana i ka lā ʻo Kepakemapa a hoʻomaka i ka hau. Mai ka mea kanu hoʻokahi e hōʻiliʻili a hiki i 10 kg o keʻano o ka momona momona a me nā hua waiʻai. E aloha ka mea kanu i nā wahi māla a lūlū.
Nā mea huna
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻike ʻia kūpono ia no ka laha ʻana o ka chokeberry, akā ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā līlū hua a i ʻole koʻi ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua Chokeberry mai nā hua maikaʻi i maʻemaʻe. Ua ʻeli ʻia lākou ma kahi sieve a holoi maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hopena i hala. Ua hui ʻia nā wīwī me nā pākuʻi wai kalala, hoʻomāhu ʻia a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻeke. Hāʻawi ʻia ia no 3 mau mahina i kahi pahu no nā lau i loko o ka friji. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomoʻo ai ka lepo, kanu koke ʻia nā huaʻala ma kahi ākea ākea. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻomākaukau i nā lua me ka hohonu o 7-8 cm. Ua waiho ʻia nā mea kanu i kā ʻia i loko o lākou.
Ke ulu ka mea kanu i ka lau 2 maoli maoli, ua ʻeluʻoki ʻia lākou a no laila ka mamao o 3 cm.ʻO ka hoʻoliʻili hou ʻia ʻana i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā mea kanu 4-5. Hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao i 6 cm. A hiki i ka pūnāwai hope, ulu nā mea kanu ma ka wahi hoʻokahi. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia lākou a hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā moena. Hoʻopili ʻia ka thinning hope loa i ka lā o ʻApelila-Mei o ka makahiki aʻe, no laila ʻo ka mamao ka 10 cm.
No ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā lau ʻeleʻele 10-15 cm ka lōʻihi o ka lau o lalo ma luna o lākou, a waiho ʻia ka hapakolu o ka pā lau i ka ʻaoʻao ma luna. Ma luna o ka ʻili o luna o kēlā me kēia pēpē a me kekahi i ka mahele haʻahaʻa o nā ʻokiʻoki, hana ʻia incisions. Ua kāhea ʻia kahi sprig i mau hola i loko o ka hoʻonā Kornevin, a laila kanu i loko o kahi hale lāʻau i kahi kihi. Kahi ʻia ka lepo i ka ʻāina māla, kahi e hoʻokahe ʻia kahi ʻōpala mānoanoa e hoʻokahe ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, lawe lākou i ke aʻa ma ke mahana o + 20 ... + 25 ° C no 3-4 mau pule. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka pale malu e hoʻopau no nā hola he nui i ka lā, a ma hope o 7-12 mau lā ka neʻe loa ʻia.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka chokeberry ma o ka waiho ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lāʻau, ka hui a me nā ʻalāʻau basal. ʻO ka wā kūpono loa e kahalau ai.
Kūʻai a mālama mālama
Ke hoʻolālā nei i ka kanu ʻana i ka chokeberry, ai nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe hoʻi no ka ʻohi. Hana ia ma kahi lā a me ke ahiahi. Wehe ʻole kēia mea kanu. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ia i ka pale ʻāina a i ka lā, i ka loam one, loam a i ka ʻihi lepo. Kūpono ʻo Aronias no nā ʻāina palupalu a me ka momona me kahi nalo humuhu a hina ʻole paha. ʻAʻole e pilikia ka hopena kokoke i ka ʻāina wai i ka rhizome superficial. ʻAʻole wale ka lepo paʻakai e kūpono i ka mea kanu.
Ke kanu nei i kahi mea kanu, pono ke eli i kahi punawai e pili ana i ka 0.5 m hohonu.ʻO kahi wai hoʻihoʻi e ninini ʻia i loko o ka lalo, a ua hoʻopiha ka wahi ma waena o nā aʻa me ka lepo i hui pū ʻia me humus, superphosphate a me ka lehu lāʻau. Inā maloʻo loa nā aʻa i ka wā o ka hele ʻana, e kāwailele ʻia ka mea kanu i kekahi mau hola i loko o kahi ʻauʻau me ka wai. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka rhizome me ka lepo mash.
I ka wā mua, ua kau ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka aʻa 1.5-2 cm ma luna o ka lepo, a no ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lepo, ʻo ia pū me ka ihu. A laila hoʻohālike ʻia nā mea kanu a kanu i ka lepo. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao me ka mauʻu, pitonu a humus paha i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5-10 cm.ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu ke liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi o 2 m. Ma hope koke o ke kanu ʻana, ua hōʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala e nā kenimika a laila wale nō ka 4-5 mau pua ma ka lālā.
Ke mālama pono nei ka mālama ʻana i ka chokeberry. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka wai a me ka kanu ʻana he mea nui loa iā ia. He mea koʻikoʻi lākou i ka wā o ka pua a me ka hua. I ka nele o ka ua, e ninini ʻia nā pākia wai ma lalo o kēlā me kēia mea kanu. ʻAʻole pono ka wai e hoʻokuʻi wale i nā pua, akā hoʻohana pū kekahi i ka lei.
Inā ulu ka chokeberry ma ka lepo momona, hoʻokahi mākēkē wai punahele i kēlā me kēia makahiki ua lawa ia. E hoʻohana i ka pauka ammonium nitrate, ka mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ka hoʻoinu ʻana. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka manu manuahi manuʻai, superphosphate, ʻōpala manu, lehu a i haku paha. I kekahi mau manawa i ke kau, e wehe i ka lepo a wehe i nā lau ma ke kaʻo aʻa.
I ka wā kakahiaka mua, lawe ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino a wehe ʻia nā pua maloʻo, ke hana pū nei nō hoʻi lākou i ka hana lei aliʻi. Ke ulu nei lākou, luku ʻia nā wana basal i ʻole ākea ʻole ka lei. I ka wā hāʻule, ke hoʻokō nei ka anti-kahiko. No ka mea ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nā lālā i ʻokiʻoki ma mua o 8 mau makahiki e ʻohi a hōʻiliʻili ai, ua ʻoki ʻia lākou i ka ʻona, e waiho ana i kahi pana kīʻaha basal. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kēlā mau lālā like i loko o ka makahiki.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāwili me kahi papa o ka lime. Pono ʻoe e kiaʻi pono i ke kūlana o ka mea kanu a hoʻopaʻa i ka wā pono o ke ʻano o nā mea hihiu. Hana ʻia ka pale pale mua i ka mua ma mua o ke ʻano o nā lau. E hoʻohana i ka wai o Bordeaux. Hoʻomāʻali hou ʻia ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau. Inā i ke kauwela ua neʻe nā mea kanu mai kekahi mea kanu i hele mai i kahi chokeberry, pono e hoʻoulu ʻia nā lāʻau me kahi mea make manu. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, nā aphids, nā puʻu lehu o ka mauna, nā mites ʻeleʻele mauna, a me ka hawthorn noho i ka chokeberry.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā maʻi i nā mea kanu me nā kanu kanu. Hiki iā ia ke lau i ka lau, nā bacterac necrosis, viral spotting. I ka wā e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua, mālama ʻia lākou me "Haupsin", "Gamair" a i ʻole, nā mea hou aku o nā lāʻau hou.
He waiwai waiwai
Momona Aronia nā momona i nā mea ikaika. I waena o lākou:
- nā huaora;
- tannins;
- sucrose;
- Hoʻolaha;
- catechins;
- mau wahi hele;
- nā pectins.
Kohi ʻia nā hua o ka chokeberry, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lālā a me nā lau, a laila maloʻo, paʻa ka jam, ʻaila, hoʻomoʻa i ka wai inu. Mai lākou mai hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke i kahi decoction, loaʻa ka wai a ʻona hoʻi i ka waina. Kahi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau huahana no ka pale ʻana a me ka kāohi ʻana i nā maʻi mai lalo iho:
- atherosclerosis;
- haʻi maʻi
- hoʻālaʻi ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko;
- kiaʻi;
- ʻohiʻulaʻula;
- eczema
- ʻawaʻawa
- diabetes mellitus;
- maʻi ʻoe.
He huaʻai maikaʻi ʻo Berries i ka diuretic, choleretic, tonic. Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei lākou i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e hāʻawi i ka wehe ʻana o nā toxins, nā metala kaumaha a me nā microorganisms pathogenic. Kōkua ka wai hou i ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻeha a hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻā ʻana ma ka ʻili.
ʻOiai ia huahana huahana kī he contraindications. ʻAʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Chokeberry i nā poʻe e hōʻeha ʻia mai i ke hypertension, angina pectoris, thrombosis, gastritis, a me kahi ulua duodenal.
