He māla nani loa ʻo Gardenia, ka puʻu paʻa a i ʻole kekahi kumu ʻāpana mai ka ʻohana Marenova. He mea maʻamau ma Kina, India, Iapana, Vietnam, a me ʻApelika Hema. I nā mau'āina'ē aʻe, ulu ke māla i ka hale kanu. Hoʻohālike ia me kona lei aliʻi umauma a he nani nā pua nani, e like me nā pua me ka loli. Hoʻohālikelike maoli ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka oriental nani, akā ʻaʻole hoʻokake kēia i nā connoisseurs maoli o ka nani.
Hōʻike Botanical
ʻO Gardenia kahi makahiki mau loa. Mālama ia i ke ʻano o kahi kahe peʻe a i ʻole ka nui o ka lāʻau. I ka manu hihiu, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu he 150-180 cm, akā ma ka home, ʻo ka māla hoʻi ma mua o ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 50 cm. ʻApala, ʻo nā hua ikaika i ka lignify. Ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka pulu palulu a me kekahi manawa pubescent. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau o ka nahelehele.
Ke ulu nui nā lau ʻōleʻeleʻeleʻele ma nā petioles. Hūnā ʻia ko lākou waihona ma lalo o nā stipules. I ka lāʻau, hoʻākoakoa ʻia nā lau ma nā ʻaoʻao a i ʻole 3. O ka lau o ke aila a maikaʻi paha, a i ʻole ka pulu lau ovo o ka papa i uhi ʻia i nā veins ua uluhua a ʻū nui ʻole.
I Iune-Okatoba, pua pua nā pua nui i ka nahele. Hoʻokomo lākou ia ma nā koi o nā lau ma luna, a i kekahi manawa ma luna o ka lālā. E ulu mele nā pua a i nā hui o 4-6 mau ʻōpio. ʻO ke anawaena o ka corolla he 5-7 cm ʻO ka maʻalahi, ka pālua a pālua paha pālua. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa like ka pua huiala a pili wale i ke keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele. I ka wā uluʻana, kū kū kahi ikaika ʻono a maikaʻi hoʻi. Hoʻohā like ia i ka ʻono o ka melina me nā nota citrus a me ka ʻoluʻolu. Ma ka kikowaena o ka pua he 5-9 stamens a me hoʻokahi ovary.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo, ua ʻala nā huaʻai kikokiko a i ʻole nā hua oval. I loko o lākou he nui nā hua liʻiliʻi. Ripening, huapū nā hua.
ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka māla
Aia ma kahi o 250 mau ʻano lāʻau i loko o ke ʻano kanu lāʻau, akā ʻoi aku nā ʻano hiʻona i mea kaulana i ka moʻomeheu a me ka ola puaʻa o loko.
ʻO jasekia like-like. Hoʻopili pololei ka mea kanu i ka mālama o ka hale. Mālama ia i ke ʻano o kahi pālahalaha pālahalaha 60-80 cm kiʻekiʻe.ʻOi, nā pua ʻōpala, ua uhi ʻia me nā lau petiolate a hiki i 8 cm lōʻihi. ʻO nā lau ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele i waiho wale i ka hau-keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo e like me nā pua pua. Aia lākou ma nā lau corymbose inflorescences o 3-5 kūloko. Ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, huli ke kūleʻa ʻōlau, no laila, i ka manawa like me he hau-keʻokeʻo, ʻomaʻoni a me ke aniani ʻoniʻoni "maʻa" ma ka lāʻau. Nā ʻano:
- Fortune - pua ka pua nani i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 10 cm;
- ʻO ke aloha mua - kaomi pua ʻala a hiki i 13 cm ke aniani ma luna o kahi lei pale umauma mālamalama i ka wā mua o ka puna;
- Nā variegata - nā lau ʻulaʻula i uhi ʻia me ka ulana keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele i kahi kumu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo, pālua pua pua.
ʻO Vietnamia ʻo Vietnamī. Kūkulu ʻia kahi lāʻau i kālai ʻia a i ole kahi pua kumulāʻau e uhi ʻia me nā lau ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi ʻulaʻula. Ke ulu nui nei nā lau ma 3 i nā petioles pōkole. ʻO nā pua hau-keʻokeʻo nui me ke anawaena a hiki i 8 cm ke keʻokeʻo ʻia. ʻO lākou nā 6 petals asymmetrical, e hoʻopuni ana i kahi wai lōʻihi.
Gardenia citriodora. Kūkulu ʻia kahi mānoʻo pōkole o nā kūleʻa e uhi ʻia me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā ʻano ovoid a i ʻole ka hika. Hoʻokuʻu ia i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (1-2 cm ka lōʻihi), ʻelua mau pua me nā petals keʻokeʻo. Hoʻōla ka mea kanu i kahi ʻala nui.
Kōmaʻomaʻo ʻo Gardenia. ʻO kahi kumulāʻau lāʻau me ke koʻala maikaʻi, e ʻoki i nā kumu i uhi ʻia i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ulaula. Hoʻopau nā pua i ka axils o nā lau i nā wāwae lōʻihi. He hale maʻalahi kā lākou me nā petals shiny oval. ʻO nā pua pua e maemae-keʻokeʻo e huli i ka melemele. ʻO ka mua, loaʻa iā lākou ke kala lemon, a ma ka hopena ke huli lākou i ke kala ʻulaʻula.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka māla lāʻau e nā ʻoki a me nā ʻokiʻoki. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ulu maikaʻi nā mea kanu mai nā hua like i nā kūlana o ka lumi. Hōʻalo koke nā hua i kā lākou mea kanu, no laila ʻaʻole pono kūpono ke kali me ka kanu ʻana. I ka pūnāwai, e hoʻomākaukau i nā ipu me ka lepo mahina ʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Noho nā wīwī a kokoke i ka hohonu o 5 mm, uhi me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a loaʻa ma + 18 ... + 20 ° C. He mea nui ia e hoʻoili pinepine i ka wai a hoʻopaʻa i ka lepo e hoʻomau i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻIke ʻia nā pana pua ma hope o 3-5 pule ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu loa. I ka mua, ulu ulu nā hua lohi. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka pā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma mua o ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana lua. Kūkulu nā mea kanu i nā kō i hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole nā kīʻaha hoʻihoʻi. E mālama ʻia lākou i loko o kahi pāina i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, akā, me ka ʻole o ka lā maka.
He mea maʻalahi loa ke loaʻa i ka mea kanu hou mai nā ʻalani maloʻo. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ma nā pūnāwai ʻokiʻoki 10 cm lōʻihi me ka 2-3 mau ʻaina lau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoki lalo ma Kornevin, a laila kanu ʻia nā ʻokiʻō ma ke one a me ka lepo peat. Mai luna mai, ua uhi ʻia lākou me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a iʻa paha paha e mālama i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Pono pono ka pā hale e loaʻa i ka nui o nā mea kanu. Ke lōʻihi ka hana a ka rooting (1-1.5 mau mahina). I ka wā e puka mai ai ko lākou mau aʻa, hoʻomaka nā wana hou e ulu. I ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 15 cm, ua ʻinihiki ʻia no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana aku i ka maikaʻi.
Kūʻai a mālama mālama
I ka home, he mea nui loa ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi māla hōʻoluʻolu o kahi māla.
Mālamalama Pono e kukui ka lumi no nā hola 12-14 i kēlā me kēia lā. I kēia hihia, ʻike pono ka lā o ka māla no ka mahina ʻai, hana lākou i nā ʻōpala. I ke kauwela, he mea pono e kau i ka pua i ka pūnāwai hou, akā e pale pono iā ia mai nā kuhihewa. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia nā māla ma ka puka aniani a i hoʻohana ʻia nā phytolamp. I ka wā o kēia manawa, hele nā uila hele wale nō i kona waiwai.
Kūleʻa ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka thermophilic o nā wahi i ʻona ʻaʻole i ʻae i ke anu anu i lalo o ka + + 16 ° C. I ke kauwela, hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ma + 20 ... + 24 ° C. Maikaʻi kēlā inā i ka pō e hāʻule ai ka wela ma ka 2-4 ° C. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā mea kanu ma + 17 ... + 18 ° C, akā ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa. Pono pono ke ʻano o nā koi ʻana.
Hoomaka. ʻO kahi pono no ka mālamaʻana he haʻahaʻa ʻoi loa. Hoʻipaʻipaʻi pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu me ka wai mahana, maikaʻi ka wai. He mea nui ia e hāʻule i ka pua. He mea pono e waiho i nā pallets me ka lepo palapula i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka moss paha i ka ʻaoʻao iā lākou. I kahi ʻāina maloʻo loa, e maloʻo nā kihi o nā lau, a e pau ka ʻōpala i ka ulu ʻana a hāʻule i lalo. I kekahi mau manawa i ka manawa ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻauʻau i nā nāhelehele ma lalo o ka pā anu (+ 45 ° C).
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kīlaʻi kauwela, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana no laila e maloʻo maoli ka lepo. I kēia hihia, pono ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kahe nui mai ka pāla i ʻole e ulu ka ʻōpū. I ka mālama haʻahaʻa, hoʻemi ʻia ka irrigation. Pono e hoʻomehana ʻia ka wai ma mua o ka mahana o ka lumi. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe a holoi ʻia paha, pono ia e hoʻohana i ka wai. Hiki i ke kāʻili ʻana i ka lepo ke alakaʻi i ka loaʻa kālā o kahi o nā hua a me ka hoʻohemo i ka pua.
Kuilima. I ka lā Malaki-ʻAukake, ua hānai mau ʻia ka māla ke kīlei ʻelua me ka malama me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka loea mineral, ka mea i ninini ʻia i ka lepo. Inā ulu ka pua i ka maʻamau, ʻoi paha ka hapalua o ka nui o ka hōʻila.
Kāikela E hoʻohonihue ʻia nā kīkēmi makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pākeke i hoʻokahi hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki. Maʻalahi loa ka rhizome. No laila, he mea nui e akahele a hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka transshipment. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka lepo wai wai ʻole me ka lime, me kahi pālahalaha pālua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi ʻano i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka māla a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻōpala a i ʻole iā ʻoe iho mai:
- lepo coniferous;
- palapala kalapona;
- sheet sheet;
- ʻōpala;
- oneone a vermiculite
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi papana palupalu o ka pānaehala palaki a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lepo lepo ma lalo.
Kākau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Gardenia i ka kanu ʻana Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana iā ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke ʻano e pono ai i ka mea kanu, inā he palaʻū paha, a i ʻole ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau me kahi ʻāpana. Hoʻokomo nā mea hana i nā pua he nui i loko o kahi ʻōpala hoʻokahi a hana hou i hoʻokahi bonsai. ʻO nā maʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e nānā ʻē a nani loa. Hoʻopau ʻia ka kanu hua i ka puna, e hoʻoneʻe i ka 50-60% o nā pua. Nā'ōpiopio ʻōpiopio.
Nā pilikia paʻakikī
Hiki i kahi hoʻopela ma kahi maʻi fungal a me ka chlorosis. I nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, mālama ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hao a me nā fungicides, a hoʻoponopono ʻia hoʻi nā mea lāʻau.
Hōʻike pinepine, aphids, spider mites a me nā inikini kikoʻī e kū mai i ka pua. Ua mālama iā lākou ʻo nā inisio. Pono ka hana ʻōnaehana me ka ʻōnaehana.
I ka manawa pinepine i ka nānā capricious i ke kīleʻaleʻa he maopopo ʻaʻole ia i kūpono iā ia. ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau:
- ua hāʻule nā ʻōpala nui - he wai maloʻo loa a he lepo;
- ka melemele o nā lau - ʻike ʻia i ke kuhi ʻana a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela;
- ʻaʻole hāmama nā ʻōpio no kahi manawa lōʻihi - ʻaʻole lawa nā kukui, lōʻihi ke ao polū;
- ua huli i nā lau - ʻā paʻakikī loa i ka wai no ka hoʻoinu;
- ʻeleʻele ka lau a me ke opal - nāʻeleʻele, nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pua.
He waiwai waiwai
ʻAʻole hoʻonui ʻo Gardenia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ʻano me kona nani a me ka hanohano kupaianaha. Mālama pū kekahi ia i kekahi maʻi. Hoʻouluulu nā pua, nā rhizome a me nā hua. Lawe ʻia lākou i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau no ka maʻi o ka gastrointestinal, ka hanu, ka ʻeha a me nā maʻi ʻeha. ʻO nā decocases he choleretic, anti-inflammatory, disinfecting hana. Hoʻohana pū ʻia lākou e holoi i ka waha me ka stomatitis a me ka gingivitis. Hoʻohana ʻia ka compressia kīlea no ka mastitis a me ka mumū ma ka ʻili.
