ʻO Isabella kekahi o nā ʻano waina maʻamau i ka honua. Ma ke koho, he canteen, ʻo ia hoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻopau hou ia, hana i ka waina, kuke i ka hua iʻa, jam, ʻeli a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana nui kēia ʻano me nā māla lāʻau no ka mālama nui ʻole o ka mālama, mālama nui, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke kū i nā hapa o nā maʻi maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā kumu waina ʻo Isabella
'O Isabella (ka inoa inoa maoli ʻo isabella Banska) kahi ʻano hua waina i ulu like me ke koho kūlohelohe. Wahi a ka hapa nui o nā poʻe huaʻai, ʻo kēia ka hopena o ke koho ʻana i ka waina maikaʻi o ʻEulopa Vitis Vinifera me ka Vitis Lambrusca kūloko. ʻO nā ho'āʻo ʻana e ulu i nā huaʻelima elite maʻamau i ka konohiki hou ua hana pinepine ʻia.
Nā hua waina ʻo Isabella - kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko i makemake ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole i nalowale i ke kaulana
I ʻike ʻia ʻo Isabella i nā māla lāʻau mai ka kenekulia 19. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia hua waina ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e breeder William Prince i ka makahiki 1816 i loko o kekahi o nā māla o New York ma Long Island. Ma ke ala, ma hope aku ia i hoʻopuka ai iā Isabella Rozovaya, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo Lydia ma Russia a me nā ʻāina CIS. I ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka wahine o ka mea nona ka ʻāina, ʻo George Gibbs, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Isabella. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua kapa ʻia ʻo South Carolina kona ʻāina home (ʻoiai ʻo kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi wahi - ʻo Dorchester) akā, aia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me kēia ʻano o ua ō mai nei "hiki" i New York mai Virginia a Delaware paha.
Hele mai ʻo Isabella i Rūsia (a laila ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa) i kēia manawa wale nō, aia ma ka 50s o ke kenekulia hope. Akā ua mahalo koke ʻia kēia ʻano e nā winemakers. I kēia manawa ua māhele ʻia ma Georgia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, a me Ukraine. I Lūkia, hiki ke ulu maikaʻi wale ia ma nā wahi kauwela wela, akā, i ka māhele Moscow a me ka ʻāina Volga. ʻO ke aniani "kūlohelohe" no Isabella ke kūʻai, palena ma ka subtropical. No laila, ʻaeʻae i ke anuanu, he hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
No Isabella ka māhele o nā ʻōiwi ākea. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā māla no ka hana ʻana i ka waina, a no ka ʻai, me nā mea hua ʻia no nā ʻano ʻano palaka. Haumana ka ʻano, ʻo ka wā ulu e 5-6 mau mahina.
No Isabella ka māhele o nā ʻōiwi ākea o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā pala piha i ka wā i mālama ʻia ai ka momona i loko o nā hua waina hou
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻōpio Isabella liʻiliʻi i kekahi ulu ulu ʻana, akā hiki i nā mea kanu ma mua o ʻumi makahiki he hiki ke hoʻonui aku i ka 3.5-4 m ka lōʻihi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua kūkulu liʻiliʻi ʻo Stepson. Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā pua o nā mea kanu ʻōpiopio, me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻona hoʻi. A laila hoʻololi lākou i ka kala i ka brown-hina. ʻAʻole nui nā lau, e piha ana i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu a i ʻole ka pau. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua, ka hina hina.
ʻO nā lau o Isabella, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe he nui i kolohe ʻia
ʻO nā palaka o ka nui pākahi, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 180-250 g, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi. Akā ua kiʻekiʻe ka hua no ka mea e pili ana i ka brushes 2-3 i kēlā me kēia pua hua. I ke ʻano, hoʻohālikelike lākou i kahi cylinder a i ʻole cone e hoʻohuli ʻia. Inā hoʻohuli ke kūleʻa i ke kauwela i ke kauwela, me ka mālama pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā pala ma ke kaupaʻa ʻana he 2-2.5 kg. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papaha o kēlā me kēia. I ka awelika, ʻo 50-60 kg o kāhi waina i ʻoki ʻia mai kahi māla pākeke.
ʻAʻole nui loa nā hua waina Isabella, akā ʻaʻole mau ka hopena.
Ma aneane spherical ka huaʻala (1.7-2 cm ka ʻanilona), ʻeleʻele-violet me kahi pua ākea o ke kala hina-hina. Heʻiliʻili loa ka ʻili, kū paʻa. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻia ʻo Isabella no ka hoʻokele maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻike o ka Sugar ma ka pae o 16-18%. ʻO ka paona awelika o nā huahe he 2.5-3 g. ʻO ka ʻiʻo he ono a me ka ʻono, ke ʻōmole, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka hoʻokeo-melemele paha i ka kala, me kahi ʻano maʻalahi e like me ka lae o nā māla lau. Nui nā liʻiliʻi o nā hua.
Hoʻopiliʻia nā hua pua Isabella i kahi papa hoʻomau o ka pāpaʻi bluish
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ka ʻili ʻana i ka makahiki mua o ʻOkakopa. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei ua maʻalahi ka ʻala o nā huaʻai e ka ʻala "nutmeg" i hoʻohele ʻia e lākou. Hiki ke kuhi ʻia nā hua mua ma loko o nā makahiki he 3-4 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua o ke ʻano hua waina i ka lepo.
Hoʻokomo ʻoluʻolu ʻo Isabella huaʻai i ka māla me ka huahana kiʻekiʻe
No hoʻokahi haneli, ua noho mau ʻo Isabella i kahi o nā mea ʻāpono kaulana loa i ulu wale nō i ka ʻāina nui, ma ʻAmelika wale nō, akā ʻo ʻEulopa hoʻi. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau māla no ka mea hana waina i manaʻo ʻia he mea hoʻohanohano i ka moʻomeheu a me kahi hōʻailona o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i ka waenakonu o ka kenekulia 20, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ka wā o ka fermentation o nā mea ʻona huipuia, e komo pū me ka methyl alkohol (80-120 mg / l hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano o 30-40 mg / l), formic acid, formaldehyde. ʻO kēia no ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā pectins i loko o ka ʻili. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i ka olakino, a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka cirrhosis ate, ka nui o ka sclerosis, nā maʻi o ke aʻalolo, nā pilikia me ka nerve optic. ʻAʻole pili kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā wai wai a me nā hōʻiliʻili ʻē aʻe mai nā hua waina. No laila, ua pāpā ʻia ʻole e ke kānāwai e hoʻohana iā Isabella no ka ʻohi ʻana, a he mea ia e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka wahi i hāʻawi ʻia no ia.
Hiki i ka ʻenehana Isabella ke loaʻa i ka hoʻohana ma ka māla
Ma ke kaulike, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma hope nei ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia kēia ʻikepili. Akā ʻo ka wahine a Isabella i haʻi ʻia he "relic o ka wā i hala." Eia kekahi, ma nā mea inu ʻokoʻa (cognac, vodka, brandy, whoul), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻike o ka methanol. Aka aole nae i hoopau ke kanawai. No laila, hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i ka kuhi e like me nā manawa a ka hype i hāpai aʻe ma muli o ka pale a me ka makemake ʻole e hana i ka hoʻokūkū no nā ʻina kuʻina i ka ʻano o nā huahana mai ʻAmelika, Australia, no ka mea, ua lawelawe nā ʻano o nā wahi i nā mea ʻona no ia.
Loaʻa nā pono olakino ʻo Isabella i ka ʻepekema. Hoʻohālikelike kona hua, ma nā hoʻohālikelike me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ʻia e ka mea kiʻekiʻe o ka phytoncides, no laila, ka wai i loaʻa mai iā lākou ua haʻi ʻia nā ʻano antibacterial. Nui nā mau antioxidants i loko o lākou e hoʻolohi ana i ka heleʻelemakule. Akā ma muli o ke kumuwaiwai o nā aihue huaʻai, ʻaʻole ʻia ka wai undiluted no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maʻi o ka pēpē o ka gastrointestinal. Nui ka pālua o Isabella, kahi e pale ai i ka hoʻopauʻana o ke kahe mai ke kino. ʻAi ʻia ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia i nā pilikia o ke akepū a me ka hopena me ka edema.
Loaʻa i ke olakino ʻula ʻo Isabella i ʻepekema
Wikiō: Ua like nā hua waina ʻo Isabella
Nā pono a me nā hemahema o nā ʻano ʻāpana
ʻO nā pono maikaʻiʻole o Isabella huaʻona i loaʻa:
- laulaha ʻole. ʻO ka ʻano ʻili o Isabella ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, he mea palekana maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi māla mea hou e hoʻokō i kāna kūlohelohe;
- kū mālie kiʻekiʻe kahi hau no nā hua waina. ʻO Isabella me ka pohō nui ʻole iā ia iho ua ʻeha i ke -32-35º5 i mua o kahi e hoʻōla ai. Ma waho ʻole - a i -25-28ºº. Hiki i kēia ke ulu i nā hua waina ʻaʻole wale i Moldova, Ukraine, ke kauwela Lūkia, akā, i nā wahi kūpono i kūpono no kēia moʻomeheu, no ka laʻana, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, a no ka mālama ʻole i ka hoʻoilo. Inā hāʻule ʻo Isabella ma lalo o ka pōkō wai piliona, e hana hou nā wana hou ma kahi o nā mea e hōʻeha nei ma 2-3 mau hebedoma a loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e hoʻokō piha ai i kēia kau;
- ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale mau ʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu. Lele loa ke ʻano o Isabella e nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole e like me ka ʻōpala, oidium, pauku ʻeleʻele, hina hina, aneane ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka phylloxera. ʻAʻole hoʻonui ka maʻi i kona mau kumu waina, ʻoiai inā e pili ana i nā ʻano ulu kokoke;
- hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai me ka wai. Nui nā ʻano lāʻau waina i ʻoki a ma muli o ka pinepine a me / ka nui o ka wai momona;
- hōʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻohuli. He mea maʻalahi loa ka ʻoki ʻili, ke mālama pono iā lākou;
- ka honua kaiaulu. ʻO ka ʻono i manaʻo ʻia e ka winemaker ʻEulopa, ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻae ʻia loa ʻo Rūsia, USA, ʻAralia, ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻAe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke inoa i ka waina maikaʻi loa mai Isabella, akā ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i maopopo ʻole i ke ʻano o ka punawai o kēia inu. Nui nā poʻe e makemake iā ia. Akā ʻo ka wai wai, hua ʻai, a me nā mea hoʻomākaukau i hana ʻia no ka "nutmeg" ʻala ʻoluʻolu e uku mai i ka piquancy;
- haʻahaʻa kaloli haʻahaʻa (wale nō 65 kcal no 100 g). No ka huawaina, eia kēia, ma ke kumu pono loa. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Isabella i ka ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ka momona o ka ʻili, ʻo kēia ʻano ʻaneʻane e hoʻokau i nā maʻi kūlohelohe;
- hiʻona hiʻona. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ka ʻae iā ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi huawaina, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Isabella i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka māla. He nani loa kona ʻano, e komo pū ana i kahi awa, ke veranda, he pā. I ka wā lulu, loaʻa i nā lau ke kumu gula melemele maikaʻi loa.
ʻAʻole mahalo ʻia ʻo Isabella no kona hiki ʻole me ka hiki ke hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana i nā hua i loko o nā kūlana mākela maikaʻi a me nā kūlana.
Aia kekahi mau mea like ʻole:
- Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻo Isabella a hiki i nā wīwī pōkole. ʻAʻole hopena maikaʻi kēia ma ka hopena. No laila, pono e hoʻolilo i nā hua waina i ka nānā pono. A i ʻole, hiki i ka vine ke ʻoki a haʻalele paha i nā lau a me nā pala. ʻO nā hua ono i kō ai i koʻi, he mea liʻiliʻi a loaʻa ka tarta.
- Hoʻohana ka meaʻokoʻa i ka ʻike nui o ka lime i ka lepo. Hoʻomaka ikaika ka lime hydrated no ka deoxidation o ka lepo. ʻO ka palaoa ʻo Dolomite, ka lehu pīkī manu, a me nā kinikela hua i hina ʻia i loko o ka pauka hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka moena. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Isabella i ka lepo waikawa, no laila e aʻo ʻia e ʻike i ka hoʻāla mua o ka acid-base.
- Keʻano nei e nalowale i kahi anthracnose. Pono e pale ʻia i kona mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
- ʻO ka heleʻana i kahi mea hoʻonaninani, nā winemaker limahana i kapa ʻia he fox (foxy), ka mea e hāʻawi i nā hua i ka ʻaila manuahi a me ka acetophenone i loko o ka ʻili. Hoʻohālike nui ia i nā kīhāpai māla, akā ʻaʻole maoli, akā no ka mea kūlohelohe. No ka winemaking, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi (he mea maʻamau no nā ʻano like ʻole o ʻAmelika a me nā ʻano hakahaka), ke kumu o ke ʻano o kahi ʻoni putrefactive maikaʻi ʻole i loko o kahi pua ʻaina, ʻike ʻia a hiki i ka waiho ʻana i nā kānaka, ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka mālama.
Kālepa nui ʻo nā loea i ka waina mai Isabella ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa, akā he nui ka mea e hana like me nā mea aloha loina like.
Pehea e kanu ai i nā hua waina
ʻO ka manawa kanu no ka kanu ʻana iā Isabella i ka lepo ma muli o ke aniani. I nā wahi kauwela wela, e hoʻolālā pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomaka a i waena paha o Kepakemapa. I loko o kahi aniau subtropika, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 2.5 mau mahina ma mua o ka hau. I kēia manawa, loaʻa ka manawa seedling i ka acclimatize ma kahi hou.
ʻO ka palena ma ka pūnāwai ke koho wale nō no nā wahi wela. I laila, hele pinepine mai ka hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole pono e like me ka kalena. A i loko o ke kauwela, hoʻohua ʻia nā hua waina i ka hopena o ka hopena o Mei a e hoʻōla mai ka kaumaha a pili i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana.
ʻAʻole koi nui ʻo Isabella i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, e hoʻōla maikaʻi me nā papa lepo a me ka pālolo pālua. Akā he koho kūpono loa nona no ka ʻāina momona. Ke koho nei i kahi, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e pono ke hōʻuluʻulu maikaʻi ke kumu lāʻau (akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻike maʻamau i nā ʻano o ka makani anuanu. No laila, mai kanu i nā hua waina ma kahi pā o ka pā paʻa, he pā. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā trellis i nānā i nā waina "nānā" i ka hema a i ke komohana paha. ʻO kahi maikaʻi loa no ka puʻu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi paʻu haʻahaʻa.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka Isabella kokoke i ka 5-6 m mai nā lāʻau hua. Hiki i ke kumu waina ke "kahikina" i nā aʻa, hoʻoiho iā lākou i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole makemake nui nā hua waina no kekahi kumu i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau.
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lepo alkaline, kahi lepo paʻakai ka mea pono ʻole no Isabella. Hoʻopili pili ʻia kekahi mea kokoke (1.5 m mai ka papa lepo a emi mai hoʻi) kahi wai. No ke kumu like, ʻaʻole kūpono nā haʻahaʻa - ma laila no ka manawa lōʻihi e piʻi ka wai a me ka ea anu.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua nānā pono ʻia nā aʻa o ka hua waina, ua ʻoki ʻia nā wahi make a maloʻo, oki ke koena i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me nā huaʻai maikaʻi
Hoʻopili maikaʻi loa nā hua makahiki ʻo Isabella. Kūpono ka nui o ka mea kanu i ka liʻiliʻi o 20 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe a he 3-4 mau lōnihi 10-15 cm. Pono ke ʻano o ka hua o ka hua i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me ka lole, ʻaʻole me nā ʻona a me nā ʻūhā, like me nā ʻāpana i waiho ʻia e ka popo a me ka pala. Ke keʻokeʻo nā aʻa ma ka ʻāpana o nā hua ola olakino, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻōpala. Pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā mea kanu i loko o kahi hānai lāʻau a i ʻole ka mahiʻai pilikino hilinaʻi. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻoia e kūʻai pololei ʻoe i ka mea āu e pono ai.
ʻO nā mea kanu kūpono kiʻekiʻe ka mea nui i ka hōʻiliʻili nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana
Pono e lawa ka lua paʻapū - e pili ana i ka 80 cm ka hohonu a me ka pālahalaha. Hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana o nā hua waina, i nā aʻa i hele i ka lepo ma 4-5 m. Hoʻomau mau ʻia ia ma mua - i ka wā e hāʻule ai, inā ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kanu no ka pūnāwai, a ma kahi o 2-3 mau pule, inā i ka hāʻule. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, e koi ana kahi papahele wai me ka mānoanoa o ke kauka ʻihiʻo 5-7 cm .. ʻO ka pōhaku i kālai ʻia, nā ʻōpū, ka pālahalaha pālahalaha, nā pākia a me nā mea kūpono kūpono. ʻO ka turf pīpī i hui ʻia me ka humus (15-20 l), ka lehu lāʻau sifted (2.5-3 l) i ninini ʻia ma luna. ʻO ka mānoanoa o kēia waihona e pili ana i 10 cm.ʻO ke kūloe kūlohelohe hiki ke hoʻololi pū me ka potassium sulfate (50-70 g) a me ka superphosphate maʻalahi (120-150 g). E kāpīpī i ka pāhau me ka honua (e pili ana i 5 cm), a hana hou. I ka hopena, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi "pie" i ʻalima mau papaha: kaheʻe, lepo lepo, nā ʻāina maʻamau (ka lua - ʻelua i kēlā me kēia). Hoʻopiliʻia ia, hoʻopau i ka 80-100 lita wai o ka wai.
Pono ka hohonu o ka puhoi no ka Isabella, pono ke kapu wai kahe ma lalo
He ʻano kūlike ka hana mana pae:
- I kahi lā ma mua o ke kaʻina hana, ʻokiʻoki i nā aʻa o ka seedling e 3-5 cm a waiwai i ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā crystals potassium permanganate iā ia i kahi kala pinkish (no ka disinfection) a i ʻole kekahi biostimulant (e hoʻonui i ka pale ʻia). He kūpono a me nā huahana kūʻai (Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin), a me nā kūlohelohe (aloe wai, succinic acid).
- Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e kanu i nā aʻa i loko o kahi kāwīwī o ka pāpaʻi a me ka manure pipi hou, he hoʻomanaʻo i ka momona mānoanoa ma ka hana mau. Pono e ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka maloʻo. Lawe pinepine ʻia he mau hola 2-3.
- E hoʻokū i kahi pōkole i waenakonu o ka pū landing - kahi kākoʻo no ka hua kanu e pili ana i 20-25 cm kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi mea kanu. Kokoke iā ia, kūkulu i kahi ʻuʻuku kahiʻu mai ka koena ma hope o ka pīhoihoi o ka lua, ka honua. E ninini nui (20-25 L) a kali a paʻa i kahi wai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke eli i loko o ka lua i kahi ʻāpana liilii pihi liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, akā ʻo Isabella, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano he nui o ka huawaina, hiki ke hoʻoinu ʻia ma ke ala maʻamau.
- E kau i ka seedling ma ke kui, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā aʻa. E hoʻopiha i ka lua me ka lepo, ka hana pinepine ʻana i ia mea, no laila, i hana ʻia kahi papa hana o 5-7 cm. E mālama pono ʻole e hoʻomoe i kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomāʻō ʻana o nā pua. Pono e kū i ka 3-4 cm ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka lepo.ʻO nā keiki he 25-30 cm ke kanu mau ʻia, ʻo ke koena - ma kahi kihi o 45º.
- E kāwili i nā ʻupena i laila, e hōʻoki iā lākou ma ka 15-20 cm (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 5-6). Hana paʻa i kā seedling ma ke kao ʻana i ia mea i kākoʻo.
- Eia hou, ninini i ka nui o nā hua waina (40-50 l).A hoʻopili ʻia ka ea, hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpala i ka ʻōpala maʻa, ka humus, ʻokiʻoki i ka mauʻu.
- E uhi i ka seedling me kahi hue ʻoki palaki ʻokiʻoki no 2-3 mau pule. No ka pale ʻana mai ka lā maka, e uhi ʻia me ka canopy o kekahi mau uhi uhi keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka Landing Isabella i ka lepo kahi hana maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea hoʻomaka e hana pū me ia
Ke kanu nei i kekahi mau pua, ua liʻiliʻi ka 1,5 m ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani he 2.5-3 m.ʻO ke kāwili ʻana ke kanu, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā māla no ka meaʻai, ʻemi loa ka hopena. Pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i kahi no ka trellis. ʻO ke koho maʻalahi ka nui o nā lālani o nā kaula ikaika i hohola ʻia ma waena o ke kākoʻo ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 80, 120, 170 cm. Inā e kau ʻia kahi kahua āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke eli i kahi pā maloʻo ma kahi o nā lua pilikino.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana o nā hua waina, no laila pono i kēlā me kēia mea kanu ka nui o ka pono no ka meaʻai
Video: kaʻina hana kanu waina
Nā Kauoha Manaʻo Hoʻopaʻi
ʻO kekahi o nā pono nui o nā hua pua Isabella ko kā lākou moʻomeheu laulā. Akā, hikiʻole ke hoʻokō pinepine me ka mālama ʻole.
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai
ʻO nā hua waina he mea kanu lāʻau aloha, akā pili wale kēia ma nā ʻano ʻōpio ma lalo o nā makahiki he ʻelua. Koi nui nā lāʻau ʻelemakule i ka wai e emi loa ai ka wai; Inā he lepo ka lepo, a ʻike pinepine ka Isabella, akā nui ka wai. Ma kahi'ē aʻe, pono nā kīwī e ulu ana ma ka ʻāina palū ke koi pinepine, akā hoʻonaninani mau. I hoʻokahi malama, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai e hoʻololi i ka wai maʻamau me ka infusion o ka manure pipi hou i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai ma kahi hapa o 1:10.
Pono nā hua waina ʻōpio ʻole ke kanu nui
E hoʻoheheʻeʻia nā mea kanu'ōpiopio i kēlā me kēia pule, e hoʻopau i ka 15-20 lita o ka wai. Pono ka pākeke i ka helu like ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2-2.5 mau pule. Pono lākou e palolo i ka ʻāina i ka wā e ʻāwīwī ʻia ana nā lau lau a ma hope o ka pua ʻana. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ke kaʻina ʻo ke ahiahi ma hope o ka lā.
Hoʻomaka mai ka hopena o ʻAukake, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka hua o ka hua e loaʻa i kahi pale i kahi ʻano o ka ʻano, ua pau maoli ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻū ke ʻano maʻamau. I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, inā maloʻo a mālama hoʻi, he mau pule ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ke lawe ʻia nei ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka huhuhina.
ʻO ka kanu ʻana i nā huaʻai e like me nā lula e pono ai ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī, akā i ka wā e ulu ana ʻo Isabella, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me nā ʻōpū maʻamau ma waena o nā lālani o nā mea kanu
I ka wai inu, mea koʻikoʻi nui nā hāʻule wai e hāʻule ʻole ma luna o nā lau. Hoʻopili kēia i ka ua, no laila e haʻi ʻia e kūkulu i kahi canopy ma luna o ka trellis. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e hoʻomākeo i ka ʻāina me nā paila a i ʻole ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. I ka nele ʻana o ka lawa loea ʻona, ninini ʻia ka wai i loko o nā ʻeli i ʻeli ʻia ma waena o nā lālani o nā kumuwaina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻenehana e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou.
Ma hope o kēlā me kēia kau, pono ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka lepo. Kōkua ʻo Mulch i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma loko, ʻaʻole ia e ʻānai i ka lepo. No Isabella, ʻoluʻolu kēia, ʻaʻole makemake kēia ʻano ʻāpala i ka ua. Ma ka hapalua hola ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, wehe ʻia ka lepo e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i nā aʻa.
Ke noi ʻana
ʻIke nui nā hua waina ʻo Isabella i ʻekolu mauʻai ʻo ka makahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia, kēlā me kēia mau makahiki 2-3, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka lepo, i ka pūnāwai mea kanu kūlohelohe (humus, rotted compost) hoʻohui ʻia i ka lepo i ka pā o 15-20 lita o kēlā me kēia mea kanu.
Hoʻopau kahi ʻōnaehana maikaʻi o nā hua waina i kahi nui o nā pono o ka lepo, no laila, pono ka mālama pono ʻana i ka ʻāina momona
ʻO ka lole luna mua e lawe ʻia i loko o ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa i hala aku ai ka lepo. He mea nui ia i nā wahi me kahi kākoi mahana. Hoʻomainuʻo Isabella i kahi hoʻonā o nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka nitrogen - urea, amonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate (1.5-2 g / l). Eia kekahi, he mau lā 10-12 ma mua o ka pua ʻana, e pono ai i ka Isabella e ninini i ka infusion o nā manu ʻōpala, nā lau nettle a i ʻole dandelion.
ʻO Urea, e like me nā pauku e pili ana i ka nitrogen, e hoʻoulu ana i ka hua waina i ka ulu ʻana i ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Hoʻohui ʻia ka lua o ka wā kanu i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia nā hua. I kēia manawa, pono ka mea kanu me ka potassium. ʻO ka superphosphate maʻalahi (35-40 g), pālea potate a kalimagnesia (20-25 g) i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma 10 l o ka wai. Kahi ʻano, ʻo ka hoʻopihue ʻana i ka lehu lāʻau (1 pāpaʻi wai o 3 lita o ka wai anuanu).
ʻO ke kapa hope loa he pupuk paʻakikī no nā hua waina. ʻO nā lāʻau kaulana loa he Ecoplant, Mortar, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Florovit, Master. Hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻonā e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana hana.
Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu paʻakikī i ka hāʻule i ka mea kanu e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo pono
E like me nā māla maikaʻi, hiki i ka Isabella ke hōʻemi i ka nele o ka magnesium. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i nā manawa 2-3 i kēlā me kēia manawa me ka hopena o ka magnesium sulfate (20-25 g / l).
Video: nā hemahema maʻamau o ka māla nāna i hoʻomaka i ka hua waina
Kākau
He kiʻekiʻe loa nā pālule o Isabella, no laila he pono ke kanu ʻana no kēia ʻano pāpaʻu. ʻO kāna pahuhopu nui ʻo ia ka mea e ulu i ka ulu lāʻau ākea, ʻaʻole i ka kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopau ʻia ka mea kanu nui i ka hāʻule. I ka pūnāwai, ʻo "ke kanaka" hōʻino ʻia "hōʻino" kāhea, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi wai ʻona e hoʻopiha i nā "mau maka". Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole pua lākou a hiki ke pala.
Hana ʻia nā hana kanu palaoa me nā mea i hoʻomālamalama ʻia a paʻa ʻia.
I ka pūnāwai, a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ke kolamu, ua ʻoki ʻia, ʻoki ʻia nā lau a pau. I ka hāʻule, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ʻo Isabella i ka lua o ka makahiki o ʻOkakopa, ma hope o ka hua ʻana. E noʻonoʻo e hōʻoki i nā pae i nā palupalu a nāwaliwali a pau. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ulu o kēia manawa ma kahi o kahi hapakolu, piha lōkihi piha - e ka lua o ka lua. Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau i nā hua liʻiliʻi he 12.
I loko o ke kauwela, hoʻohemo ʻia nā lau palulu maikaʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana o nā māla kūpono, nā mea ʻoki e ulu ana a hohonu i ka lāʻau. Ua palupalu nā nāu a pēlā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao a puni. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, ʻo ka mea nui ka lūlū a me ka huaila ma luna. Kūpono no ka lāʻau pākeke ʻoi aku ma mua o 35 mau pua.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā māla i ka trellis i ʻole e hōʻeha ai i ka lāʻau
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā kumuwaina i ka lua o ka manawa o ka hana ma ka ʻāina ākea. Ma kahi kumu lāʻau hou e waiho ʻole ma mua o 7-8 mau wana. Ua nakinaki ʻia lākou ma nā trellis, e kuhikuhi pololei ana. Pono e kūpono i ka liko no ka ʻō ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana. I ka hiki koke ʻana i ka wana i ka ua hope e pili ana i ka loea, ua kau ʻia ma luna ona. E kāʻei i ka māla me ka lole palūalili a urine paha e palu ʻole.
Kūkulu ʻia nā hua waina i mea e palena pono ai ka ulu ʻana o ke kumulāʻau a hoʻoulu hou i kāna lālā
Nā wikiō: nā ʻōlelo loiloi hua waina
Noho hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo
I nā wahi hema me ke anuanu subtropical, ʻaʻole pono ʻo Isabella i wahi e pono ai, ʻaʻole e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia no luna o Rūsia. Ma laila ka ʻike ʻole ʻole o ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ke hoʻoilo ke huli i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ke anu.
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, pili ʻo Isabella i nā ʻano waina ʻole e uhi ana, akā ma ka waena o Rūsia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pāʻani ʻana a palekana iā ia mai nā lā
Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, huki nā vine mai ke kākoʻo ʻana a waiho i ka papa. Inā hiki, wahi e ʻoka nā ʻōpala i kahi kokoke. A laila e uhi ʻia lākou me ka maʻa, humus a ʻū ʻia paha me nā lālā coniferous, lau o nā lau. Mai luna mai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papakihi o kekahi mau uhi uhi hau. Ke hāʻule ka hau, kau ʻia nā kumu waina iā lākou, e hana ana i ka heʻe ma kahi he 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke hoʻohiki, a laila e hoʻoponopono hou ʻoe i kekahi mau manawa.
ʻO nā hua waina o Isabella, e pale mai i ka malulu, hiki ke kau i loko o nā kuʻekuʻe e ʻeli i ka lepo
I ka pūnāwai, ua neʻe ʻia ka malu ma mua o ka lewa a hiki i ka 5ºС. Inā he hoʻoweliweli maoli kēia o nā puna i hope o ka puna, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi nui o ka hoʻowalī wai ma ka uhi uhi. I kahi lā a ʻelua paha ma mua o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o nā waina hiki i ka hoʻouluulu ʻia me ka hopena o Epin. Hoʻonui ka hopena palekana i kahi o 10 mau lā.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Epin i ka wai anuanu e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā māla mai nā pūnāwai i hoʻohilahila ʻia
ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā popo
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua ʻili Isabella e ka pāoʻi nui loa, ʻaʻole ʻeha ʻia i nā fungi pathogen, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea i kuʻū ʻia no kahi maʻi maʻi maʻamau, e like me ka phylloxera. ʻO ka wehe wale ʻana i ka lula he anthracnose.
Hōʻike kēia maʻi iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o nā pua o ka peʻa kūpaʻa me kahi palena ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele ma nā lau ʻōpio (ma lalo o ke 25 mau lā) a i nā pua lignified. Mālama lākou, ulu, hoʻohui a huli i ke "ulia", hoʻomaka nā papa i ko lākou hoʻomaka. Pau nā make o kēia mau wahi. Inā ʻaʻohe mea, ʻōleʻa ka lau, maloʻo, ʻoliʻele nā ʻōpala a lilo i pala, a make ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o ka mea kanu.
ʻO Anthracnose wale nō ka maʻi fungal e hoʻopilikia koʻikoʻi i ka hua waina Isabella.
No ka pale aku, ke kuʻi nei i nā hua ʻōpio o ke kumu waina, a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 cm, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me kahi 1% hopena o ka mola o Bordeaux wai a keleawe keleawe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā ulu me ka maʻamau o 12-15 mau lā, e hoʻohana ana i nā fungicides hou - Topaz, Abiga-Peak, Skor, Horus, Ordan, Previkur, Ridomil Gold a pēlā aku. Manaʻo ʻia i nā huahana hou e hoʻomohala ʻole ka hoʻohui.
ʻO ka wai pīpī ʻO Bordeaux kekahi o nā fungicides kaulana loa, maʻalahi ke kūʻai a hana paha iā ʻoe iho
ʻAʻole luhi ʻo Isabella i kahi hōʻeha nui o nā pōpoki. Aneane aneane weluwelu ʻia e ka poʻe me nā aila ʻala i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻili. No ka paleʻana i ka pūnāwai, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā lau ulu i ka momona o Nitrofen, a i ka wā e ulu ai i ka wā lau, hoʻōla ʻia me ka hoʻonā o ka paʻakai a me ka lehu ahi i nā wiki he 3-4 (5-7 g / l).
Akā ʻaʻole kēia mea paʻakikī i kahi manu. No laila, e pale i ka hua, ua uhi ʻia nā māla me ka upena mesh maikaʻi piha. ʻO kēia wale ke ala maikaʻi o ka pale. ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe (nā ʻōpala, nā makaʻu, nā ʻulaʻula a me nā līlī a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a pēlā aku) loaʻa i ka hopena i makemake ʻia ma nā manu no kekahi mau lā mau lā. Hoʻomaopopo maoli nā manu i nā mea makaʻu a nānā a nānā ʻole paha e hanaʻino iā lākou a no laila, ʻaʻole e mālama pono iā lākou.
ʻEshlelo ka polū - ʻo ia wale nō ka pale manu e pono ai
Wikiō: nā mālama kālā a me nā ʻōlelo noʻonoʻo
Hōʻike nā māla
E kanu ʻo Isabella i kahi kanu unambiguously! ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale, ʻaʻole maʻi, maʻi ʻole i ka lepo, he hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi. A nani ka compote.
Nā Waile//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
I kēlā me kēia pono o ka māla maʻalahi, hoʻokahi, akā ʻo ke kaʻina minus momona - i ke kaʻina o ka fermentation ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o nā methyl alkohol ma muli o ka "mucous" pulp. Mai kēia, ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Isabella a me Labrusca (e like me Lydia) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻona lāʻau i loko o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
Hoʻopau//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻohana Isabella i mea ʻole e hakakā nei a kūpaʻa ʻia i nā maʻi ʻoi (fehu a me ka oidium), a me phylloxera. ʻAe ʻia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, akā, ʻaʻole kaohi i ke ahonui. Hoʻ ulu ulu ʻo ia ma ka Black Earth Region, Moscow Region a me Siberia, kahi ʻano uhi ʻole ʻole. ʻO ka'āina, ua ulu ʻo Lydia a me Isabella i koʻu'āina, hana i ka waina, a hiki paha ke hoʻokaʻawale. Akā maikaʻi ʻole nā ʻohana. Hoʻokuʻu wau iā lākou, kanu i nā mea moʻomeheu, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole wau e loaʻa, ʻai kā lākou mea, a nalo wau no ka hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa wau i turnip? pono paha e kanu hou aku, akā, ʻaʻole nui ka nui, a i ʻole e hoʻi ai ʻo Isabella a me Lydia.
ʻO Zeman//forum.homedistiller.ru/index.php?topic=100329.0
He ʻaina waina o Isabella no ʻehiku mau makahiki ʻaʻole wau hauʻoli nui. ʻO ia e kū i nā frost a i -35ºº me ka ʻole o ka malu, ʻaʻole pono e mālama pono. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi kīʻaha o ʻokiʻoki i kahi hoaaloha, ulu e like me ke ʻano o ka pā, a i ʻole mea maʻalahi i waiho ʻia ma ka pā. Ua ʻike wau i ka pīpī mua i ka ʻehā o ka ulu o kēia manawa a ke hōʻiliʻili nei au i ka 50 kg mai ka lāʻau. Pono nā hua waina maikaʻi, nā waina maikaʻi maikaʻi i home. Hoko kēia makahiki e hoʻāʻo ana e mālama i kekahi mau pua o nā hua waina a hiki i ka makahiki Hou e like me ke ʻano o nā kaila heʻe mau, a kū maikaʻi ia.
Valentin Shatov//farmer35.ru/forum/thread425.html
Ua hana wau i ka waina mai Isabella no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻAno maikaʻi loa, a hoʻohuihui pū. ʻO nā ʻano Elite (ma mua o ke kanaha) ʻaʻole wahi e kanu ai, akā, ʻaʻole ka wahine kauoha e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā Isabella.
Vladimir Kuznetsov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4301
Loaʻa iaʻu ma kahi o 60 mau papa lāʻau pākaukau; Isabella kaʻu punahele. Eia kahi lāʻau kulu o kēia lāʻau o ka māla e ulu ana ma lalo o ke kumu o ke pākeke, he aha ke ʻano o nā hua waina e ulu i lalo o ia mau kūlana a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole i hoʻonani wale ʻia i ka pā, akā e hāʻawi pū i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi? Hana wau i nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka ʻuʻuku i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano palaoa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Isabella kēia ʻano. No kekahi manawa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i ka marshmallows iā ia iho (raspberry, strawberry, currant, banana, apple, cherry, grape, cranberry); e kuhi he aha ʻoi loa ka momona a me ka mea ʻono, me ka puʻuwai hoʻopoina a me ka aftertaste? ʻo ka hua waina hope loa, a ʻo ka mea like ʻo Isabella. No kēia kumu, ua waiho ʻia ko mākou ʻohana me ka paʻu ʻole o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka hoʻoilo, ua hele ka Isabella a puni i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā moena laupaʻa no ka marshmallows. ʻAʻole mākou hoʻohana ʻē aʻe iā Isabella i ka nui loa, ua momona loa kona ʻiʻo. I ʻOkakopa, ʻai ihola mākou i nā ʻano papa papaʻaina. Ke hoʻomaka nei wau e pana i ka Isabella i ka hopena o Nowemapa a i ka hoʻomaka mua o Dekemaba (e pili ana i ka la).
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502&page=24
I nā 90s o ka hala o nā makahiki i hala ma nā puke kumu i ʻike ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana o Isabella i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau. Hoʻoulu ʻo Isabella i ʻekolu mau antennae, a laila he hale paʻa, a laila hou hou ʻekolu antennae a me kahi internode, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā koena o ke kumu ʻelua he mau antennae, a laila he manawa hana ʻole wale nō. No laila, hikiʻole ke hoʻokauwā iā Isabella me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Vladimir 63//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502&page=25
ʻAʻole i ulu i koʻu Isabella kūlohelohe - ʻoiai i ka wā nui 2007. ʻAʻole kūpono mākou no ka hoʻohui ʻana. Mālama ʻia ʻo Taiga i kēlā - ke hoʻonani maikaʻi loa a me nā pā waina i hoʻokahi makahiki o ka pale ʻana ma lalo o 4 m.
Alexander Zelenograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502
Hoʻopau ʻia kaʻu Isabella i nā lā mua o Kepakemapa i ka maʻamau, ma mua o ka hanana ʻana ma hope, akā, ʻaʻole i hala ma mua o ʻOkakopa 5th. Ke ulu nui nei nā waina ma kahi o 8-10 m mau makahiki. ʻAʻole lākou i hiki loa i ka maʻi āpau (pono wale ka mea punahele wale nō). ʻOiai ke keʻokeʻo a pau nā mea a puni a me ka pala ʻaʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ʻia ia i nā ala like ʻole. He pili paha ko kahi hoalauna no kahi 20 mau makahiki - i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻelua mau lāʻau ʻaleka a ʻelua mau pā o ka hale (ʻaʻole hua) - nui nā hua waina i ʻike ʻole ʻia he mania, manaʻo wau ʻaʻole i emi iho ma 100 kg.
Nikolay-Moscow//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2502
ʻO Isabella kahi hua waina e kūpono no ka māla lawaiʻa. ʻO ka ʻono o nā hua ono, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i aloha ʻia e nā kānaka a pau, akā o ka moʻomeheu ke ʻano o nā pono ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pono ka mālama ʻana iā Isabella i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika, ʻoiai inā kūpono nā mākeke. Akā, i loko o nā kūlana i hiki ʻole ke kapa ʻia ke kūpono, ua hua ka nui o kēia ʻano i me ka hua, ke kū mai nei e nā huaʻala kiʻekiʻe.
