Kale: ʻo nā mea maikaʻi a me ka mālama mālama

I Lūkini, ʻaʻole kaulana nui ka kale me nā māla lāʻau. Akā i nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ke kūlana kū'ē. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻenehana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, akā ua hōʻano pū nā mea breed no nā mea ʻai. He wiwo ole ka moʻomeheu, pōmaikaʻi a hiki i ke aniani ka hoʻohiwahiwa.

Pehea e nānā ai ka kale a me ka mea e pono ai

"Kaʻu" kūlohelohe ke kūpuna o ka hapa o kona mau "ʻano" ʻano ʻona. Ua kamaʻilio ʻia ʻo ia e nā inoa nalo "" curly "," gruenkol "," braunkol ". Hoʻohālikelike ia i nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau o kēia moʻomeheu i ka mea ʻole ia e ka poʻo. He kumulāʻau manu ʻōwau lau. He ʻopala nui lākou, akā aniani.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Wild kale ma nā kānaka no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua kanu ʻia i loko o Helene kahiko a me nā ʻāina o Asia Minor

I "wild" kale, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, pāpaʻomaʻo a me kahi aniani kūpono. Akā ua hōʻilio pū ka poʻe mea kanu i nā ʻano like ʻole loa. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā kihi o nā lau a like paha me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO lākou iho lākou i waiho ʻia i ka ulaula, ʻulaʻula, ka poni, ka violet, ke keʻokeʻo-ʻoni, ke kala ʻulaʻū, hiki ke ʻehaʻī, wehe ʻia, e like me ka mea "haehae ʻia". Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēlā mau kalo i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka launa pū, ia i China a me Iapana, kahi i ulu ai nā ʻano hoʻonaninani. Akā ma ʻAsia, ua ʻānai pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e ʻai like, ʻaʻole like me nā moku ʻEulopa a me ka USA.

ʻO nā lau o kēia ʻano pāpaʻi ke nānā ʻokoʻa loa a me ka hoʻonaninani.

ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i nā ʻano lahilahi i hoʻoilina mai ka lehelehe wildetentiousness a me ke kū'ē i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe a kūlia. Hiki ke ulu i ka moʻomeheu i Lūkini ma kahi āpau, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā wahi me kahi kāʻai ʻo Arctic. ʻAʻohe mea poino nui iā ia iho e ʻeha i kahi piʻi ʻana a hiki i 30 ° C a me kona emi ʻana i -15 ° C. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā lau i pakele ai i ka hopena o ka lā anuanu ke lilo i ʻastier a me nā mea hou loa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Kale ʻaʻole ma luna o nā moena, akā ma ka moena pua hoʻi, nani ka mea kanu a hoʻohana nui ʻia.

Hoʻopuka ʻo Kale i nā koi kūikawā he mea wale nō i ka maikaʻi o ka substrate. I mea e loaʻa ai kahi māla maikaʻi, pono ka mākona e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā maikaʻi ka meaʻai. ʻO ka mana o ka nitrogen i ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole ma ka lohi.

Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papaʻu mai 30-40 cm a 80-90 cm, he 50-100 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai ma ke ʻano, i ka nui o nā kuʻuna haʻalulu, aia nā māla maoli i ulu a hiki i 1.5-2 m. Hoʻomanaʻo loa lākou i nā lāʻau pāma. Hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ko nā kumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hau, a loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Me ka ʻāʻī, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lau, kū a kokoke loa i luna, e "moe wale" a i ka hāʻule. ʻO kekahi ʻike maka ʻē aʻe e nā māla mahi ʻoi me nā mea kanu ākea, ua ʻoki mua nā hua mua i mua ma mua. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lau kākā o ke kua ʻokiʻoki ma Iune-ʻAukake.

Kōkua ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea e like me ka lāʻau pāma mai kahi kahe i waho

Kahi ʻia ka moʻomeheu no ka "hele a hiki ʻole," ʻaʻole "e komo i ka hakakā" no nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe o ka māla. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Kale ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e ʻeha ʻia ka māla a me nā mea lele lele. Hiki ke ulu ia wale ma ka māla, akā, i ka home. ʻO kēia hiʻona o ka hapa nui. I ka home, e pōmaikaʻi ai hoʻi ia ma ka hoʻomuʻu ʻana i ka lewa a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana mai ia me ke kaona a ʻo ke a me nā haumia ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka rosette o ka nui a me ka pālahalaha ʻana

Kūpī ʻia nā lau o kēia kāpeti. ʻOiai he olakino maikaʻi loa. I nā ʻōlelo o ka calcium calcium, e hoʻokūkū ka moʻomeheu i ka waiū, vitamina C - me ka lemon. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia calcium a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā huahana paʻakai. He waiwai nō hoʻi kēia i ka waʻa amino amino Omega-3, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana pilikino i kona kino. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia nā kumu lāʻau, palu maloʻo nō hoʻi. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā veins.

Hoʻolilo wale ʻia ʻo Kale no ka poʻe e pili ana i kahi meaʻai hānai. ʻO kēia kahi hale mālama waiwai o nā huaora a me nā minela. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamina A, P, PP, K, U, ka huina holoʻokoʻa B. He haʻahaʻa loa ka helu calorie - wale nō 50 kcal i kēlā me kēia 100 g. mea ʻai lau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he 200 g nā lau i loaʻa i kahi laʻai o kēlā me kēia lā o nā protein a me nā waikela amino (thiamine, niacin, choline), ke kumu nui o ka ʻai.

He huehoa waiwai ʻo Kale kāwele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kekahi mau lāʻau ʻai hou a me nā mea kanu ʻia

Kāpiki, paʻi i loko o nā aniani a me nā ʻulaʻula, i waiwai i ka antioxidants. ʻO kēia mau mea e hoʻoneʻe i ke kaʻina hana kahiko, paipai i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i nā cell, hopena maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana. Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus, ka maʻi ʻomo, me ka hōʻino, nā maʻi hui, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kūlana o ka ʻili, nā kuku a me ka lauoho, a me ka kūlana o ka gastrointestinal tract normalizes. Inā pilikia ka pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine, pono e kūkākūkā i kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma mua o ke kau ʻana i nā lau i loko o kaʻai.

ʻO kēia kolamu kahi ʻāpana o nā kīʻaha lehulehu o ka pāʻina Pākehā a me ʻAsia. Hoʻokū ʻia ka Supa mai ia mea ma Turkey, i Iapana - kahi wai kīnā hoihoi i kapa ʻia ʻo "aojiru", i Netherlands - he stumppot (kālai ʻia kālai ʻia mai nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole me sausages). I nā ʻāina hikina, he mau kumu kūlehu lau hale iʻa o ka papaʻaina o ka papaʻaina Hou Hou.

He mea ʻoluʻolu nui a Aojiro ma Iapana, hoʻokahi o nā mea momona

Lā ka ʻōpū o nā lau, ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai ka pau i nā ʻōpala, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano pōpoki me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā lākou a i ʻole ka scalding me ka wai kaila. E hoʻohana i kēia kāpeti a hou. Hele maikaʻi nā lau pālehu me ka laiki. ʻO nā mea ʻala ʻono a me nā kekeila kāhea ʻia, cumin, ke kāleka, ʻōpala. ʻO ka mea wale nō ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana, ʻo ka pā ia i ka palaʻai a i ka momona holoholona paha. Loaʻa i nā lau ke ʻano ʻono ʻaihini makemake ʻole ʻia.

Video: kahi ho'ākāka o ka kale a me kona pono olakino

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau

ʻAʻole like me kahi ʻano like ole o ka kale i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā mea hoʻoulu. Kūlike lākou i ka hiʻohiʻona. ʻO nā ʻano āpau a me nā hybrids ʻaʻole capricious i ka mālama ʻana, ke kū anuʻu. Mālama wale ka manawa ulu ʻana o nā greens.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā kalo:

• ʻO Kale (loaʻa kekahi i kekahi manawa ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo "cale"). Aia kekahi ʻano ʻelua o ia mau, me ka ulaula a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ma ka mua, ʻo ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula hue ka ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole ma hope o nā huaʻai mua. Ma mua o kēia, ua paʻi ʻia nā lau i ka ʻōmaʻala-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki ke hōʻoki ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o 70-75 mau lā ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau ʻano lāʻau e ke kāohi nui loa i nā kiko o nā huaora (ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi o ka C a me K), nā huika amino. ʻO nā lau me nā kihi kuʻi ʻia e like me ka lole i ulana ʻia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puka waho he 60-80 cm.
• ʻŪleka F1. Hūnū nui ka huaʻai i loko o Dutch, i komo pū ʻia ma ka papa inoa o ke Aupuni Lūkini. He lōʻihi ka lāʻau, mai kahi mamao aku me ke kanu lāʻau ma kahi lāʻau pāma. Aia kona kiʻekiʻe a 80 cm. Ua kanu ʻia ka mua o ka kāpeti, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka "palm" i kahi mau makahiki heʻumi o Malaki. ʻO ke kūloko he semi-kū. ʻO ka kala o nā lau "curly" hiki ke lilo i ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele, a me ka violet ink. - pili pono i ka nui o ka lā i loaʻa ai nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke hybrid i ka hau, hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka pipi hou a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, ʻeli ka lau o waho o ka hau. E lilo lākou i mau ʻalahala a me ka juicier. Mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Cibe no kona ʻono; Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia me he ʻāpana ʻaoʻao me nā lau a me nā kīʻaha iʻa, pono e hoʻomoʻa iā ia i loko o kahi kinikini liʻiliʻi. Huaʻaina - 0.3-0.7 kg o ka pua opala ma kēlā me kēia mea kanu.
• Hulu F1. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Midid hope i loko o ka papa inoa o nā Mokuaina o Rūkini. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae mai semi-vertical e pili ana i 80 cm.Wa ʻole i ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana iā ia iho, he lō ka lōʻihi o ka mahana i loko o ka1818 C. Ke kanu i ka mea kanu, pono nui e hahai i ke kumu hoʻohālike, e waiho ma kahi o 60 cm ma waena o nā mea kanu.ʻO nā lau he corrugated, hina-green-green. He mea kūpono ia e uha wale i nā mea kiʻekiʻe wale nō, e waiho ana i nā mea haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka hopena o ka ulu e ulu ai, inā ʻaʻole make ka mea kanu. ʻO ka hybrid kekahi o nā mea i kaulana loa i waena o nā chef. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena maikaʻi - mai kahi mea kanu i ka manawa loaʻa i ka 0.3-1.4 kg o ka lahilahi pua.
• ʻEleʻele Tuscany. Ua haʻahaʻa ka pahu, e pālahalaha ana. ʻO nā lau nui nui, matte, uliuli uliuli i ke kala me kahi kiʻi sizol-violet. Puka ka papahele, me he mea lā me "nā pulu" ma lalo. Ua like lākou me he Kāleki savoy. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka wā hōʻoki i nā greens mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune a hiki i ka hopena o Nowemapa.
• Hoʻolaha. Waiho i ka "keripi", lace. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka laulā. He maikaʻi loa ka hopena - 0.5-1 kg o ka māmala ma kēlā me kēia mea kanu. ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻaheo i ka ulu maikaʻi. E hōʻiliʻili nā hōʻiliʻili i nā lā 100-110.
• ʻOlua Siberian. ʻOiai ka inoa o kāna inoa, ʻokoʻa ka noi i nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻĀkau o ʻEulopa ma muli o ka pale kū maikaʻi o ka hau. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo ʻia kēia kāpeti no kona keʻaola "kūlohelohe" kiʻekiʻe loa i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu. ʻO ka wā ʻōpala o nā greens i nā Urals a me Siberia e pili ana i 80 lā i ka wā e ulu ai nā mea kanu. Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia nā lau a hiki i Dekemapa-Ianuali, ma lalo o ke kumu o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a lilo lākou i ʻalupalu a me ka ʻono hoʻi.
• Hope. Nā ʻano ʻ -lelo Ultra-kakahiaka. Hoʻohana ʻia no kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana o nā wahi hakahaka - sodium, zinc, selenium, keleawe. Loaʻa iā ia kahi momona maikaʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea momona. He kukui uliuli nā lau, me kahi palena o ka lime, ikaika paʻa i ke kaʻe.
• Kuuwaai. ʻO nā lau nui, nui nā wai, he lei ʻōmaʻomaʻo-uliuli nani. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hoʻololi ia i ka violet ink. ʻO Rosette e pili ana iā 50 cm kiʻekiʻe. He momona ka nui o nā huaora A a me C.
• Kukulu. ʻO nā lau ka "ʻōlima", lahilahi a maemae loa, akā i ka manawa like nā crispy. Ke kala ʻulaʻula. Ua haʻahaʻa ka pahu, e pālahalaha ana. Ua hōʻoia ʻo ʻepekema i nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano like ʻole o ka kale ma ke ʻano he antiseptic.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: nā mea momona nui i waena o nā mea māla

Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu

ʻO ka pinepine, ua ulu nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu. Mākaukau ke kanu ʻana i ka lepo 35-45 mau lā ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai, e kō ana ka hua ma loko o nā lā he 5-7. He ʻili a me nā pilala ʻē aʻe no kahi moʻomeheu pono ʻole. He palaʻa nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. He mea kūpono ke lūlū i nā hua kanu i ka manawa hoʻokahi i nā ʻāpana ʻōpala o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.

Hōʻike pinepine nā keiki o ka nui o ka nui - he hebedoma ma hope o ke kanu a hiki ʻole i mua

No ka ulu ulu, kūpono hoʻi ka ʻāina maʻamau no nā mea kanu, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i kekahi hale kūʻai, akā makemake ʻo nā māla mākaukau e hoʻomākaukau i ka hui ʻāina ma kā lākou. Pono e hānai, akā, i ka manawa like ka wai a me ka hau ma o. No laila, kāwili ʻia ka humus me nā māka lau a me kekahi mau "palaoa wulu" (kahawai kahawai, perlite, vermiculite) ma kahi o nā hoʻohālike like. I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi, ua hoʻohui i kahi papa o ka ʻōpala lau a i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka carbon no kēlā me kēia 3 lita. Pono nā palapala hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻO nā hana maʻamau ka kaʻaila ʻana, ka ʻai ʻia i ka umu, ka manuahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka honua me kahi ʻōuli ʻulaʻula uliuli o ka potassium permanganate.

ʻOluʻolu ʻo Kale me ka lepo maʻamau i kūʻai ʻia no nā mea kanu

Pono ka lūlū i ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau no ka disinfection a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka kūhai. ʻO ka wikiwiki, ʻo ka pipi ʻana iā lākou no nā minuke 20 i ka wai wela (40-45 ° C), a laila no 2-3 mau minuke - i loko o ka hau. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu i loko o kahi hopena o kekahi biofungicide, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana i hana, no ka hapaha o ka hola. Mākaukau nā hua kanu no ke kanu ʻana, pono wale nō lākou e holoi ʻia i ka wai kahe a maloʻo ma kahi kūlana o ka kaila.

Pono ke kanu a kanu ma ka māla preplant

ʻO kekahi koho ʻē aʻe ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa. Ua hui ʻia nā wīwī me ka maʻa a i ʻole ke one, hoʻomāwili ʻia i ka substrate. No nā lā 7-8, e mālama ʻia lākou ma ka pā wela a i kahi wahi mahana i ka lā, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o ka friji no ka pō. I kēia manawa pono ʻo lākou e hatch.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hopena maikaʻi ma ka hoʻolalepale ʻana i kahi hopena o kahi biostimulant no 14-16 mau hola. Pili ka pili i nā huahana huahana (Epin, Emistim-M, potassium humate, Zircon), a me nā kānaka remedies (succinic acid, aloe waie, meli diluted me ka wai). A laila e hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ka manuahi like ʻole o ke kumu kūlohelohe a i ʻole i kahi aniani ʻeleʻele o ka potassium permanganate. I ka wā hope, hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa hana mai ka 15 mau minuke a 6-8 mau hola.

Hoʻomoe i ka hopena o kekahi biostimulant, no ka laʻana, ʻo Epin, hoʻonui i ka pālua o ka huina o ka hua a e hoʻopono maikaʻi ʻia i ka pale ʻana o nā pua

Ke ulu pololei nei i nā hua kanu a me ka mālama ʻana he mea paʻakikī ʻole:

1. E hoʻopiha i nā ipu i ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka substrate.
2. E lulu i nā hua he 2-4 i loko o kēlā me kēia pahu, hoʻoulu iā lākou ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 1 cm. I kēlā me kēia lā, wehe i ka "ʻōmaʻomaʻo" no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, e pale i ka ʻūʻū ʻana mai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
3. Ke wehe nei nā wana e nānā a hoʻolālā hou i nā ipu i ka mālamalama. ʻO ka hola māmā o ke ao no ka laila he maʻa iki o 12-14 mau hola. I ka hapa nui o Rūsia i ka pūnāwai ʻaʻole maopopo kēia, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana no kēia mau maʻamau (luminescent, LED), a me nā phytolamps kūikawā. I ka hebedoma mua loa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana o nā manaʻo o nā hua i ka 10-12 ° C, no ke koena o ka manawa e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka 16 ° C. Hoʻomoʻume i ka substrate me ka pau ʻana o ka lepo kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka lepo i kahi ʻano. Aʻole i kēia, hoʻomohala koke ka "wāwae ʻeleʻele". No ka pale hou aku i nā mea kanu mai kēia mai maʻi, ua hoʻolāleʻa ʻia nā hua lāʻau me ka lehu lāʻau hina ʻia, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke one maikaʻi ma ke kumu o ka laka.
4. Pono ʻoe e hānai i nā mea kanu ʻelua, i ka manawa o ka lua o ka lau maoli a ma hope o kahi lā 7-10 mau lā. ʻO ka manawa mua loa lākou e hoʻohana ai i nā minerinika waiwai mineral (ʻrea, amonium sulfate), hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 2-3 g o ka lāʻau i ka lita o ka wai, ka lua o ka manawa - ʻo ke ʻano kuʻuna kūikawā no nā pua (Rostock, Uniflor). Ma mua o ke kapa no ka lua, ua hana ʻia ka hōʻole ʻana, waiho wale nō i hoʻokahi huaiki i kēlā me kēia pā.Pono ke ʻoki a ʻoki ʻia ke koena ma luna o ka lepo ponoʻī iā ia iho.
5. I mea e maʻalahi ai nā mea kanu e hoʻopili i nā kūlana ola hou, paakiki nā hua. Hana ka hana i kahi hebedoma a me ka hapa. I nā lā mua, ua haʻalele lākou iā ia i loko o ka hāmama no kekahi mau hola, ʻaʻohe mau, ke kokoke ke kokoke o ia manawa, ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia "hiamoe" ma ke alanui.

Mākaukau no ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo, ua loaʻa nā hua o ke kalo i ka lā 12-14 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa iā 4-5 ka lau maoli. ʻO ka mamao loa ma waena o nā mea kanu he 50-60 cm, ʻo ka lālani o ka lālani he 40-50 cm. E mālama i kahi ākea, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu iā lākou i ka laʻana hōʻoia. Ka hoʻopili nui ʻana i nā mea kanu (e like me ke aniani pale) i ka ʻohi ʻana o nā nitrates ʻino i nā lau.

ʻAʻole kūpono ia e lohi i nā kanu kanu ʻana o ke kalo no kahi paʻa mau - ʻo nā Spimens "ua pālahalaha ʻia" ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ka ulu ʻana i nā kūlana hou, e ulu lohi

ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua e hilinaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka substrate. I loko o kahi maloʻo māmā he 14-16 cm ka nui, ma ka pā maloʻo - 8-10 cm.ʻO kahi humus liʻiliʻi, kahi kīʻaha o ka lehu lāʻau a me ka ʻula ʻulaʻa (e hoʻonāukiuki i nā pōpoki) i kau ma lalo.

ʻAʻole ʻae mai ka mea ʻala o ka ʻala ʻala i ka nui o nā pōpilikia no ka popo

Ma mua o ka lele ʻana, hoʻopiha ʻia nā luawai me ka wai, kanu kanu ʻia i ka "lepo" ma ka lalo me ke kumu wai. E lawe mai i nā hua ma nā ʻaoʻao mua o nā lau. A laila hoʻōla maikaʻi ka lepo. Ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka wai, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu.

ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā hua kanu i ka ʻāina ʻo ia ka hapa mua o Mei. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu i ka kale ma ke ao anu anuanu. Inā pīhoihoi ka lā, e uhi ʻia nā mea kanu me nā ʻāpana pepa, nā lālā pihi, a i ʻole ka canopy ma luna o kahi moena o ka māla i ʻike ʻia i nā mea uhi uhi keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopili i ka maluhia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā mea kanu ulu.

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā mea kanu i ka kanu ʻana i ka māla i ka hana like no kekahi, pono ʻole i ka māla ʻana, nā ʻano o ka mea kāpeti

Wikiō: nā mea kanu kolu

Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu ma ka lepo

Ma ke kānāwai, hiki i nā hua momona ke kūleʻa a hiki i 5 ° C, ʻoiai ʻoi aku kēia mamao ma mua o ka maikaʻi. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke kanu i ka kanu liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻāina mai ka makahiki mua o ʻApelila.

Ke koho nei i kahi, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kēlā moʻomeheu, e like me kahi kāpala, aloha nui i ka wela a me ka lā. ʻOi pū kekahi pale ʻula e alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nā lau e lilo i liʻiliʻi, coarser, e ʻele nā ​​kala ʻōwili. E ola ka lāʻau i loko o ia mau kūlana, akā e emi iki ka hua.

No ka mahiʻai o ka kale, ua koho ʻia kahi wahi ākea i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā a pale ʻia mai nā makani northerly.

He māmā maoli ka substrate no ka moʻomeheu, akā i ka manawa like i ka ʻāina hānai me ka hoʻoliʻi kūlike o ka acid-base. Ke ʻeli nei, eli e hoʻohui mau i ka lime lace, palaoa dolomite a ʻūhā ʻīwī paha i hōʻea i kahi kāwele (200-300 g no 1 p.m.). No ke kumu like, pono ʻole e hoʻohana pono i ka peat a me ka koniferous sawdust e like me ka mulch, ʻoi loa nā mea hou loa - ua ikaika lākou i ka lepo.

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka eli ʻana i nā moena ma lalo o ka honu e hoʻopau i nā lepo āpau

Pono e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka moena mai ka wā i hāʻule. Kahu ʻia ka wahi i wae ʻia, ʻoiai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i nā lepo lepo. Hoʻomelima ka lepo ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka humus a i ʻole nā ​​lau i hoʻopili ʻia (5-7 l ma 1 maup.m.), superphosphate maʻalahi (20-25 g no 1 p.m.) a me ka pāpaona pālima a i ʻole kalimagnesia (10-15 g no 1 p.m.) .). Kahi ʻano kūlohelohe i nā minela wai, ua ʻoki ʻia ka lehu lāʻau. Hiki i ka hapalua lita ka lawa no 1 p.m. Ma kahi hebedoma ma mua o ke kanuʻana, i ka pūnāwai, ua hoʻomoe ʻia nā moena a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me ka nitrogen (8-10 g no 1 p.m.).

Humus - kahi hopena kūlohelohe e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻouluʻana i ka lepo

ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke kanu i kahi hua kahi i "kona mau hoahānau" mai ka ʻohana Cruciferous a i ʻole nā ​​aʻa kanu (beets, kāloti) i ulu i ka makahiki i hala. I nā pae i nā mea āpau o ka kāpeti, ua loaʻa kēia mau lobakomo, rutabaga, ka ʻōpala, ka daikon. Nā pono kūpono - kekahi o Solanaceae, Pahuola, Paukuma, nā mea momona a me nā cereals.

ʻO nā mea ʻeha, me nā mea kanu Cruciferous ʻē aʻe, he mea makemake nui ʻole no ka kale

Kulu nā hua i ka lepo i ka hoʻomaka a i ka waena o ʻApelila. Pono ʻia ka mākaukau mākaukau e ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe. Ma kahi moena me kahi anawaena o 50 cm, ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea kani me kahi hohonu o 3-4 cm, pono e hoʻoulu ʻia maikaʻi. ʻO nā līlū hua pīpī ʻia me kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o humus. Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu, ua ʻoki ʻia nā mea kanu. ʻO ka wā mua ma ka hapa o ka lau maoli maoli, a laila ma ka hā o ka lima. ʻO ke kumu, he 40 mika a liʻiliʻi paha e pono ke kūkulu ʻia ma waena o nā mea kanu kokoke.

Kūkulu ʻia nā hua Kale ma kahi ākea e like me ka hiki, a laila pono e ʻokiʻoki i nā hua liʻiliʻi

Ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā mea kanu, ua uhi ʻia ka moena o ka māla me nā ʻāpana aila. Ma hope o kēlā, i mea e hoʻomohala hou ai nā mea kanu, pono e hoʻonoho i nā ʻanuʻu a huki nā uhi uhi iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, i ka wā e ulu ai nā mea kanu i nā wēlau o kahi hua pākeke pākeke.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi mau mea kanu i ka kanu ʻana i ka kale ma Kepakemapa, ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻokō mua i ka hua mua o nā greens ke kiʻi ma mua o nā huaʻai. ʻO kahi mea pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ala a ua hōʻemi nā mea kanu i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. No ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻoki ʻia ka waho, e waiho ana i kahi "stump" ma kahi o 5 cm kiʻekiʻe. I ka pūnāwai, hiki i nā lau ʻōpio ke ʻai ʻia i Mei.

ʻO ka mālama lāʻau

ʻAʻohe mea paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana i ka kale. E like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, pono iā ia me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā moena. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hope no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lepo kūpono, no laila, inā kūpono, pono ka hana ʻana e hana ma hope o kēlā me kēia ʻano wai. Hoʻopili ka lepo i kahi hohonu o kahi hohonu a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 6-8 cm.

ʻO nā ʻanoʻano me kahi koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe 2-3 mau manawa i ka wā ulu nui, pīpī ka honua i kona kumu. ʻO ka manawa mua ma kēia hana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hebedoma ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hua i loko o ka lepo, a laila me ke anana o nā pule ʻelua. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma hope o ka hoʻoilo a i ka ua. E hōʻoia e pili pono i ka kikowaena o ka waho, kahi e waiho ai ka wahi ulu, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me ka honua.

Hoʻokomo ka kolamu Hilling i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nui o nā aʻa subordinate

E like me nā kāpena ʻē aʻe, makemake nui ka lau i ka makika. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiha i ka moʻo i kā ka papa moe. I ka lepo, ʻoi aku e like me ka pua, nā aʻa aʻa, ulu nā ʻano hā. ʻO ke poʻo i hiki ke ulu ka nui o ka popo, he mea pono ʻole, akā no ka mea ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā moe i nā manawa a pau no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka "mau māla" lōʻihi me ka lepo o ka lepo.

ʻO Kale ka moʻomeheu aloha i ka wai, akā ke waiho nei i ka lau i nā lau a me nā kumu ke hiki i ka lā, a me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻolele wai no ka kale a ninini paha i ka wai i loko o nā alima annular e waiho ana ma kahi mamao o 25-30 cm mai ke kumu o ka piko. Inā hāʻule ka wai i ka wai ma luna o nā lau, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i ka lā. A ke hoʻohāinu ʻia ma lalo o ke kumu o ke aʻalolo, ʻikea nā aʻa a maloʻo.

Inā ʻaʻole nui ka mahana i ke alanui ma mua o 25-27 ° C, hoʻokahi ka wai i ka wai i 2-3 mau lā. I ka wela nui, ua hoʻohāinu ʻia nā puka wai i kēlā me kēia lā, i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. He mea pono no ka hoʻomehana mau ʻana i ka pipi i ka lau ma hope o ka lā.

Kahi kūpono ka lawena hoʻoneʻe ʻana ʻaʻole wale no ka kale, akā no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe

Inā ua mākaukau kūpono ka moena o ka māla, e kūlike me nā ʻōlelo a pau, ʻekolu mau lole hou i kēlā me kēia manawa e lawa ai no ka kāpeti (ʻehā a ʻehā paha mau lewa i hala a i ka wā lewa a me nā huaʻai. Ua maikaʻi loa ka moʻomeheu i nā mea kūlohelohe.

ʻO ke kumu o ke kūloko e pono ai no ka moʻomeheu i ka mahina mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina he infusion o ka manure pipi hou, nā manu manu, a me nā lau dandelion, a me nā lau nettle. K wāwahi ʻia nā lako maka, mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu me ka uhi paʻa no nā lā 3-4, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai mahana. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea ʻono kino, hoʻoneʻe a kulu ʻia ke kōlea a hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ka wai ma kahi hapa o 1:10 a i ʻole 1:15, inā ua hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka litter. ʻO ka helu o kēlā me kēia mea kanu e pili ana i kahi lita o ka hoʻonā. Ke hana ʻia nei ka lole ʻoi loa ma loko o hoʻokahi hebedoma a me ka hapa ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu i ka lepo a i ʻole 5-6 mau pule ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pua.

ʻO ka infusion Nettle - kahi hana kūlohelohe maoli a kumu maoli

A laila makemake hou nā mea kanu i ka phosphorus a me ka pāhare. He lawa ka mea e mālama ai i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻO ke kumu maoli o kēia mau macronutrients he mau lāʻau lāʻau. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka puka maloʻo i nā aʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a i mākaukau ʻia kahi infusion (0.5 lita no 3 lita o ka wai anuanu). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi hopena o nā minelala mineral (15-20 g o ka superphosphate maʻalahi a me ka pāpaʻi kaleka ma loko o 10 l o ka wai) a me nā mākaukau paʻakikī no ka kāpeti.

ʻO ka lehu lāʻau ke kumu kūlohelohe o ka phosphorus a me ka pāhare

He lole pono a me ka foliar kapa. Ua kūlike ka moʻomeheu i ka deficit i ka lepo o molybdenum, boron a me ka manganese. Maikaʻi e hoʻoulu i ka lau i kēlā me kēia 4-5 mau wai me ka wai, e hoʻohui ana i ka 1-2 g o ka ammonium molybdenum acid, nā waiū a me kā potassium permanganate pākiha.

Wikiō: Nā Kōkua mālama Kale

E hōʻoki i nā greens i ka manawa ulu e hoʻomaka ana mai ka manawa ke ulu a waho o waho i ka 22-25 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi loa ka lau o nā lau hou. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā pālaʻi, nā wīwī, nā wīwī, keʻoki ʻia no nā meaʻai pēpē. ʻO ka mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki, he mea ʻuʻuku iki, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pā ʻana a ʻū ʻole iā lākou. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka kale me ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo maʻamau i ka nui o nā ʻāpana. He nani loa ia i ka hoʻohālike ʻia, ka mālama piha ʻana i ka palahō o nā palahala o nā lau.

Hōʻokiʻoki lākou iā lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻoneʻe wale ka papa holoʻokoʻa ma hope aku o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu. I ka lumi lumi, ua mālama ʻia lākou no ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 2-3 mau lā, a laila e maloʻo. I loko o ka friji - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, kahi lōʻihi o ke pule. E waiho i nā lau ma loko o kahi pahu me ka wai, e like me ka haehae, a uhi ʻia me ka ʻaki palaki ma luna.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hikiʻole ke mālama i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea momona hou no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Mālama ka manuahi i ka mālama ʻana i kēia kāpena i ka manawa lōʻihi. Pono e holoi mua nā lau a waiho ʻia, waiho ʻia ma ka kāwele pepa a i ʻole nā ​​kāwele wili. He paipai ʻia e ʻoki i nā ʻōpala a me nā veins, waiho wale ʻia ka papa lau o nā lau. A laila waiho ʻia lākou ma luna o nā pā palaoa a i ʻole nā ​​pale i uhi ʻia me nā napkin, a no nā mau minuke 2-3 ua hoʻouna ʻia lākou i ka frezer, e hana ana i ka ʻano hāmeʻa "shock". Inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana, e hoʻonui ka manawa i nā hola 3-4. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lau mae i nā ʻeke pepa liʻiliʻi me ka paʻa paʻa loa. Hoʻoholo ka mahele e pili ana i ka nui o ka kāpeti e hele maoli ai i ka manawa. Defrosting a i kau pinepine i ka ulia ia i kahi unappetizing papaha slimy, maʻa o ka ʻono a me nā maikaʻi a pau. A mālama ʻia nā huaora a me nā minamina no 4-6 mau mahina.

ʻO ka kale kolo, me ka pau ʻole o nā pōmaikaʻi, hiki ke mālama ʻia a hiki i nā mahina ʻeono

Wikiō: ka hau leʻo

Maikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ma ke ʻano, me ka mālama pono a me ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i ke kumulāʻau lōkō, hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o nā fungi, nā mea make a me nā maʻi maʻi. Akā ʻo nā pōpilikia ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ʻole e ʻai i nā lau ʻono, ʻono i ka ʻona, akā, he nui. I waena o lākou ʻo ka sawi pōkole, ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā pōpoki, nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻū, nā wī kiki, nā aphids, nā slugs. Akā hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka hopena o ka maʻi me nā hana pale maʻalahi.

Kiʻi kiʻi: pōpilikia pōʻino no ka kale

ʻAʻole makemake ka hapa nui o nā pōpoki i nā meaʻawaʻawa ikaika. No laila, he mea pono e hoʻopuni i ka moena me ka kāpena ma ka perimeter me marigolds, nasturtiums, calendula, lavender, kekahi mau mea kanu. E mālama i ke kaʻawale, ua kanu ʻia lākou ma nā pā. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau huaʻai he mea lawe melemele maikaʻi, e hūnā ana i nā pi me nā manuʻala ʻē aʻe i ka pūnaewele.

Hiki i ka ʻāina ke loaʻa nā lā 7-10 mau lā me ka infusions o nā mea kanu like. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo nā mea waiwai ʻehā a nā pua ʻōlala, nā poʻo o kamato a me nā ʻuala, ʻili o ka lemon a me ka ʻulaʻula, ka pepa wili, ka ʻōpala pua. He kūpono 1:10 i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai wīwī wai a me ka ammonia, ʻūhā o ke kai (25-30 ha no 10 l), kāwele home a i ʻole ka ʻupena potash ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Kūkī ʻia ka lepo i loko o ka māla me ka hui pū ʻana o ka lehu lāʻau me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻāwī a me nā pōpoki pia a i ʻole pāpaʻi colloidal. Ua kāwili ʻia nā mea kanu iā lākou me ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻoneʻe. ʻO ka puni o ke kumu, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi “pā” e haki ana, ke one, ka lehu, ka ʻanuʻu ʻoki a i ʻole ʻeliʻi.

Pono e nānā pinepine ʻia ka ʻāina no nā hōʻailona hikiʻole. Inā he nalowale ka manawa, a kau ʻia nā kamekila manuahi-nui - Inta-Vir, Tanrek, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Fury. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā e pili ana i ka slugs - Meta, Thunderstorm, Sludge Eater. E hoʻowalewale i nā pōpō a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi lele e lele, nā ʻōpala a me ka lepo i ka māla i mālama ʻia me Lepidocide, Entobacterin. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hakakā ʻana iā lākou na nā ʻano hana i hana ʻia i nā hale - nā ipu i piha i ka puna hilo, jam, meli me ka wai i ʻoka ʻia, nā ʻāpana pepa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ka palela ʻaila, kipi, a me kahi pā aniki no ka hopu ʻana i nā lele.

ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ulu ʻana o ka kale ma ka pūnaewele no ka māla ʻike ʻole. ʻAʻole hoʻonani wale ka mea kanu i ka pūnaewele, akā he olakino nō hoʻi. Nui nā hiʻohiʻona nui i ulu ʻia e nā mea like me ka mea nui o ka like o nā lau. ʻO lākou āpau he waiwai nui i nā waikawa amino, calcium, nā vitamina. He mea ʻole ka mālama o ka lāʻau, ua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻo ia i nā kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu a me ka lawe mai ka hua.