Hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻo Amirkhan - kahi papa pākaukau o nā hua waina o ka ʻala mua. ʻAʻole kaulana nā ʻano like, akā ma muli o kona maʻalahi a me ke kū ʻana i ke anuanu, 'a noahiʻalokalina ʻaʻole ia i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina, akā, ʻo Siberia a me ka Far East. ʻO Amirkhan kahi hua waina maoli no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kauwela, e hauʻoli nei i ka kaulana maʻamau.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā mea kanu o nā ʻano ʻāpana o Amirkhan
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Kēlani Amirkhan ma Kuban, i ke kūlanakauhale o Novocherkassk, i ka All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Culture i kapa ʻia ʻo Ya.I. Potapenko, kahi lākou i hānai ai i nā hua waina i nā manawa lōʻihi. Ke kuhi nei ka hana a ka institute i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala hybrid hou e hiki ai ke ulu i nā wahi i kahi ulu ʻino. A no ka mea nui nā winegrowers ma Kuban, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻanoʻokoʻa hou.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka All-Russian Institute o Viticulture a me Winemaking i nā makahiki ma mua o ke kaua. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i kahi papa inoa no ka hana hoʻoulu hou i ka wahi hoʻokahi, a me nā winegrowers ma nā ʻāina he nui. A e like me Delight, Talisman, Victoria a me nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e ka nui o nā mea aloha puaʻa e hānai nui i nā ʻano lāʻau hou.
I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻonohonoho like ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hua waina i ka pae mokuʻāina. I ka manawa i hala aku nei mai ia manawa, ua neʻe ka Institute i nā ʻano 77 no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, e komo pū ana me 52 mau māla interspecific. ʻO ka papa inoa mokuʻāina no nā hoʻokō i koho ʻia nā ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana he 20 mau ʻano o nā pua VNIIViV. Ke noʻonoʻo nei nā limahana o ke institute i nā ʻano maikaʻi loa ʻo Vostorg, Agat Donskoy, Northern Cabernet, Druzhba, Platovsky, Finist a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo ʻAmelane Amirkhan i hoʻokomo i kēia papa inoa. ʻO ka mea like, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike nā mea hana i loaʻa kekahi mau pono kūikawā ma Amirkhan.
Ua hana ʻia ʻo Amirkhan e ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole Yagdon a me nā Puʻupaʻa o Saba. E like me nā kūlana a pau o ka hybridization kūleʻa, lawe ʻo ia mai nā mākua i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona makua maikaʻi loa. Akā ʻo ka mea nui e hiki ai iā Amirkhan ke haʻaheo no ka hiki ke ulu i loko o kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia zona climatic. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ia ma loko o Rūsia, ua ulu maikaʻi ʻo Siberia a me ka Far East.
Hūleʻa ʻo Pearl Saba - kekahi o nā mākuaʻo Amirkhan
ʻOka wehewehe
Ulu ka Amirkhan ma ke ʻano o ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha. ʻOi ka kiʻekiʻe a me ka hua o nā pua. ʻO nā lau ka ʻōwili, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, me nā ʻaoʻao paʻa. Hōʻike kūlohelohe i ka hau - a hiki i -23 ... -25 e pili anaC, pale i ka maʻi ma kahi pae kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaka maikaʻi ʻia e nā ʻokiʻoki maikaʻi ʻia, akā ma Siberia a me kahi ʻAmelika Altai e ulu pinepine ʻia e ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻano hau like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māla ʻokoʻa, pono ka normalization: me ka ʻole o ka hua, ua lohi ka make ʻana o nā hua, a ua hoʻemi ʻia kā lākou nui.
Ua liʻiliʻi nā hua o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi: kahi o 3 kg o nā huaʻaina i ʻohi ʻia mai ka lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻōiwi kekahi o nā mea mua loa: mai ka manawa o ka wehe ʻana o nā pua mua i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ua piha ʻo ia i ʻehā mau mahina. No laila, i nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia, hiki ke hua ʻia nā hua ma ka waena o ʻAukake, a ma ke kikowaena waena a i ʻole nā wahi hema o Belarus - kokoke loa i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻāʻī. I Siberia, ua manaʻo ʻia he huawaena kīwī. Ma ke ʻano ponoʻī iho, ʻaʻole pono ia i nā mea pollinators, no laila, no ka ʻai hou, hoʻokahi lāʻau hiki ke kanu, akā no kahi ʻohana nui a e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa no ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua waina, pono ʻoe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaila o kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole i ka peeling, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ia a hiki i ke kahe haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka clylers ka nui o ka cylindrical, o ka nui pākahi: ke kaupaona mai 400 a 800 g. ʻO nā hua āpau e pili ana i ka nui like a me ka paʻa i kekahi me kekahi. E hoʻokaʻawale i nā halihali.
ʻO nā hua maʻemaʻe maikaʻi a Amirkhan ʻaʻole i ʻulaʻula; wahi wale ia o na mahele i ka holo
Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā hua, he ʻāwī keʻokeʻo a me kahi peni momona loa. Liʻiliʻi nā hua. ʻO ka nui o nā hua ia ka awelika, ʻo ka huina mai 4 a 6. 6. ʻO nā hua waina i hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia. Maʻalahi ka hoʻāʻo, ʻono, a me kahi lei ʻoluʻolu o nā nutmeg. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kō i ke kō i ka huaʻai he 17-19%. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma kahi lōʻihi, hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻelua mau malama. Kūpono ʻo ʻAmelika Amirkhan ma nā ʻano papaʻaina: ʻai ʻiʻo ia ka ʻai, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe (e like me nā hua ʻona, nā hua ʻai, mālama, nā nīnū).
Nā ʻanoʻano o nā hua waina o Amirkhan
Ke nānā nei i ka wehewehe ʻana o nā hua waina a Amirkhan, e hoʻāʻo mākou e hāʻawi iā ia i ka wehewehe maʻamau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā hōʻailona kekahi e hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi loa a maikaʻi loa, a inā ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike pololei iā Amirkhan me nā papa ʻaina o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ʻaʻole kū ʻole kēia ʻano. Loaʻa nā pono maikaʻi:
- nā hiʻohiʻona waiwai maikaʻi a me nā halihali;
- ka ʻono maikaʻi o nā hua momona;
- nele i ka peʻa;
- ka hana pilikino (ʻaʻohe pono nā pollinators);
- palekana maikaʻi ʻoi aku ma o ka lāʻau a i ka friji;
- ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi o ka wā ʻōpala;
- hōʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻomalaha ʻana e nā ʻoki;
- ke kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻoluʻolu o ka mālama pono.
Loaʻa nā pili pili i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano mea,
- ka pale kūleʻa ʻana i nā maʻi huaʻala nui;
- ka pono o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mākaukau a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka hua, me ka ʻole o ia mau hua liʻiliʻi;
- haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa huahana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu a me ka ulu
ʻO nā mea noho o ke kauwela manawaleʻa hiki ke kanu iā Amirkhan ma kā lākou pūnaewele, ʻoiai ke mālama nei i kēia hua waina. ʻAʻole ia he ʻokoʻa nā lula o ke kanu ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻenehana no ka mālama ʻana iā ia i ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano papa ʻē aʻe. ʻO Amirkhan kahi papa pākaukau kūpaʻa maʻamau e pono ai kahi malu no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka lepo kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina ke chernozem waiwai i nā minela.
E like me ke kumu waina, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi palekana i ka lā mai. Ke kauoha ʻia ia e pale i nā paia o ka hale a i kahi pā lole kiʻekiʻe paha e pale i nā pua mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, kūkulu nā mea kīhai i nā pale pale kūikawā mai nā ʻano improvised.
ʻO ka pā ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻoluʻolu e pani i nā hua waina mai nā makani anuanu
Hoʻopau nui ʻia ʻo Amirkhan e nā ʻokiʻoki, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ola ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa. No laila, hiki i nā hua ke kanu ʻia e kāu pilikino, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka lāʻau i loaʻa i ka lāʻau o kahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻano like ʻole ʻē aʻe, ʻano, e like me nā hua waina Amur. ʻO ka maʻamau ma ka Hikina mamao a me Siberia hana lākou. Ke koho ʻana i kahi hua huila, ʻo ka mea nui ka mea i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka mea kanu i loko o ka wai no ka lā hoʻokahi, ʻoki liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpana o nā aʻa ke kulu ʻia me ka umu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā hua waina i ka wā o ka hāʻule, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka pūnāwai, i ʻApelila
No ka kanu kanu, pono e mākaukau ka lua i ka hāʻule. A i mua, i ke kauwela, pono ke eli ʻia o ka pūnaewele i koho ʻia me nā māmala (compost, ash, superphosphate), e kāpae ana i nā lau nahele. I ka hāʻule, pono ʻoe e eli i kahi lua nui, ma kahi o 70 mau kenimika ka hohonu a ma ka ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lalo ma lalo (15-20 cm o ke kala, nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā mea ʻalani poepoe) pono i nā hua waina. Ma ka lalo o ka lua, pono e kau i kahi lula o ka mea hoʻohui me ka lepo maikaʻi. A ma luna, kahi e waiho ai nā aʻa ʻōpio, pono wale nō e hoʻokau ʻia ka lepo momona. Ma ka lalo o ka lua, pono ʻoe e huki i kahi ʻāpana o ka paila hohonu, no laila i nā makahiki mua, e inu wai i ka hua kanu i nā aʻa.
I nā mau makahiki mua, he puna e hoʻopili ʻia i nā aʻa e hāʻawi ai i ka maʻalahi o ka wai.
E kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka hohonu no ka ʻole o ka ʻehā mau pua i koe ma ka papa. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka seedling, pono ke hoʻomoe ʻia i ka ʻāina a puni ia.
Maʻa ka mālama ʻana iā Amirkhan: māmā i ka wai, hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻōpala garter, pruning, nā hana mālama. ʻO nā mea āpau koe wale nō ka hune ʻaʻole pono i ʻike ʻike. Pēlā nō, e aʻo ʻia, me ka ʻole o ka mea i hiki ʻole ai: e hōʻea wale ka hōʻiliʻili i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka wai nui, akā pono ka hoʻoulu ʻia o ka wā nui, aemaise i nā wahi wela. ʻOi loa ka pono o ka wai i ka wā e ulu ana i nā huaʻaina, akā mai ka hopena o Iulai, pono e hoʻōki ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana iā Amirkhan: e ʻae i nā huaʻa i ke kō a lilo i mea momona. I ka hihia o ka hina maloʻo, pono koke ka hoʻoilo ʻana ma ka hoʻoilo i nā lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hānai me ka lehu: kanu i ka 1-2 lita i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma lalo o kahi kumu lāʻau. I kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua i ka wā mua o ka pūnāwai - e hana i ʻelua mau peʻa o ka humus, e kanu ana iā lākou i nā lua pāpaku ma ka pa o ka pua. A me 2-3 mau manawa i ke kauwela, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka lole ʻoi loa o ka foliar ma ke kīpī ʻana i nā lau me nā hāpono palupalu nāwaliwali. Ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka manawa, e kūpono ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī o nā minerala, i ka wā e hānai ai, ma hope o kekahi mau hebedoma 2-3, ua pau wale lākou i ka potash a me ka phosphorus.
He ʻōkuhi kuikawa ʻo Amirkhan i nā maʻi lāʻau, a no nā kumu prophylactic, pono i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka puna wai me ka hopena o ka hao kalima. Wahi a ka kaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lau mai nā ʻōpū, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka wai% 1 o Bordeaux. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi mau lau ma nā wana, pono e pīpī i ka māla waina me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Ridomil Gold.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e kāpae i nā hoʻomākaukau o ka keleawe mai nā mea hoʻohana i kēlā me kēia lā, akā ʻaʻole naʻe he nui o nā fungicides i maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ma mua o ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux.
I ke kahawai mua, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kahe o ka wai, kahi hua liʻiliʻi o ka ulu lāʻau wale nō e hiki ke lawe. He mea maʻalahi loa ia e ʻokiʻoki i nā hua waina i ka hopena o ke kau, ma mua o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. Akā ʻo ka hana nui i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau mai nā ʻōpio hou, wāwahi i nā ʻanuʻu a, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, pono e hana ʻia kahi hapa o nā pua i ke kauwela, ʻoiai e ʻōmaʻomaʻo nō lākou a heʻu liʻiliʻi: ʻaʻole pono ma mua o ʻelua mau pua i koe ma kēlā me kēia pana i Amirkhan, e like me nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole. Inā ʻoe e hana koʻikoʻi i ke kauwela, i ka hāʻule, e maʻalahi ana. Pono ka nui o ka ukana ma ka lāʻau ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau maka.
Maʻalahi nā hana maʻa ma nā hua waina a ʻaʻole e hōʻeha.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau (a kokoke i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa), pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā māla mai ka trellis, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kāhu a uhi ʻia me nā mea mahana o ka ʻāina. Ma nā wahi paʻakikī ʻole, lōlima a ʻulu hua meli paha, nā lau maloʻo nā kūpono no kēia, ma nā mākeke paʻakikī a hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea i kālai ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻūpā kahiko. ʻO ka pilikia ma lalo o lākou e manaʻo i nā kiʻi maikaʻi e ʻānai i ka ʻili o nā hua waina. ʻO ka hopena, ua make ka ʻāpana o luna ma lalo o ka lāʻau. No laila, ma ka pale o kahi kau ikaika, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pesticides no nā rodents ma lalo o laila.
Eia nō naʻe, e pili ana i kēlā mau ʻano kīmaikaʻi like ʻole e like me Amirkhan, ʻaʻole paha i pana ʻia nā wikiō maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana. ʻO ka wehewehe i loko o lākou ke hele mai i kahi leo uila.
Wikiō: Kaomi waina a Amirkhan
Hoike Mai
Ke ulu nei au iā Amirkhan no 18 mau makahiki. Makemake wau iā ia. Puka maikaʻi ʻia kēia makahiki. maikaʻi, ʻo ka paio ka nui 850 gr., a he nui ka 600-700. Berry 4-5, ʻili ʻia ka ʻili, he ʻiʻo ka ʻiʻo, palupalu. Kokoke loa kahi hoʻohua ʻana, ua haumia ʻia a hiki i ka ua nui. ʻAʻole makemakeʻo ia i ka hana ʻana, a laila liʻiliʻi ka hua liʻiliʻi (ua loaʻa iaʻu i ka makahiki i hala, i ka wā i haʻalele ai au i 2 i nā puʻu e pakele). Hoʻopili wale ia i ka hina hina, akā mea paʻakikī loa. Paʻa ʻia ʻo Wasps iā ia, a puhi ʻo ia i ka lā, kau wau i kahi spandbod.
Vladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=27425
Nui ka mea paʻakikī i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā puʻukua a me nā ʻoki. Me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā lemi, ʻaʻole ʻohi ka paʻakai i ka hilo a maikaʻi ʻole ka pā waina. Pono e mālama pono i nā clusters. Pane loa nā ʻōpala a i ka wā e aʻalolo ana ka ʻōpū ponoʻī iā ia iho, a ua holo ka wai i ʻō ʻoe no nā ʻuʻupu a me ka pala hina. Ua hana wau i ke hoʻopili ʻana o nā pōpoki, i loko o ka paila i ka pī, ua hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana o nā hua maʻamau. A ʻo ka hopena, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā palu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻula nui a me ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ka pipi i kāʻai pono iā ia iho.
Vladimir//plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=260
Hoʻopili paʻa ʻo Amirkhanchik ma koʻu wahi. ʻO ka wā ʻehā. Ripens i kēlā me kēia kauwela me ka gula maikaʻi. ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu paʻakikī loa ma mua o ka loli ʻana o nā hua, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻūʻū a pala ʻole paha. Makemake i ka lā sunbathe.
Victor//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=944.0
ʻO Amirkhan kahi ʻano mākeke i hōʻike ʻole i kekahi mea kūikawā, akā ua ulu ʻo ia ma kekahi wahi nui o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO kēia ma muli o kona unpretentiousness, ke ohi mua a me ka maikaʻi o nā hua o nā hua. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono paha i kanu ka māla mea kanu i ʻelua mau pua o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo Amirkhan ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hoʻohāinu ʻia nā pollinators.
