Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Lūkia me ka ʻuala ma lalo o Peter I. ʻO ke aʻa o ka lau hou i ke aʻa a paʻakikī, akā ʻoi ʻia ka mahalo, e haʻi i ka ʻāpana lua. I kēia manawa ma nā māla e ulu i nā wahi a pau, no ka mea, kūpono loa ka māla Lūkia no ka moʻomeheu. Pono nui ka launa huakaʻi i ka mālama pono ʻia, akā ʻaʻole kēia ke kumu e hoʻolei ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o nā lua a poina e pili ana iā lākou. Ke loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻaʻole hiki ke kanu ʻia i ka wā kūpono, pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau e hoʻomākaukau i ka māla a me nā mea kanu ponoʻī.
I ka manawa hea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā mea kanu?
ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻoholo i ka manawa o ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻuala i kahi ʻoihana i ke anuanu a me nā kūlana climatic, a me ka huina o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Ma waena o Rūsia a me ka māhele o Volga, kanu pinepine nā ʻuala i nā lā mua o Mei. Ma ka ʻāina ʻĀkaukau a me North-West - i ke awhi o ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela. I nā Urals a me ka Far East - i ka lā 20 o Mei. Ma Siberia - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. Ma ka ʻāpana o ke Kaiʻula, ʻo Crimea, ma Kauka Kauka - i loko o ka hapa mua o ʻApelila.
ʻAʻole pili ka manawa loina i ka manawa i pae, akā i ke ʻano o ka ʻuala
ʻO ka pākī kōlapa ua kūpono loa i ka mahana o ka ʻāina. Me ka kanu mua ʻana, emi iho ko lākou ulu ʻana, ua puka nā mea kanu, ua kū mua lākou i loko o nā ʻuala, kanu ʻia a i ʻelua pule aku paha. Hoʻemi nui ka huahana, ma ka awelika ma ka 15-20%.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole nā pale i wānana maoli ka pae no ka ʻāina. Hoʻomaʻaʻa nā Tubers i kahi hāʻule o ka ea ke -5ºС. Hoʻokomo wale nā kaila i nā pua hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o 3-5 cm.
Ua kanu mua nā mea kanu mua, e ʻoki i 55-60 lā. ʻAʻole e hana i kēia ma mua o ka lepo i ka hohonu o 7-8 cm e hoʻomehana a hiki i 8º 8. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā ua hiki mai ka manawa, e kōkua nā hōʻailona kuʻuna - nā pua pua a nā pua, nā ʻōpio e hāmama ma nāʻaoʻao (a hiki i nā lau e pili ana i ka nui o kahi kālā peni), kū mai nā dandelions.
Kūkulu manuahi cherry i ka hoʻoluʻolu ʻana o ka lepo, ua hiki nō iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā ʻuala
ʻO kekahi ala e loiloi ai ʻo ia e lawe i kahi pīpī honua mai ka hohonu o ka 10-12 cm a e hoʻolei i ka lepo. Inā he paʻi wale ʻia, e maloʻa ʻole ka lepo. A i ka wā e ʻaki ai i kekahi mau ʻāpana - ua mākaukau ka lepo no ke kanu. Inā hāʻule nā mea i loko o nā kīpaki liʻiliʻi, ua maloʻo ka substrate, pono ʻoe e kanu koke. Pēlā ka wikiwiki o ka ʻāina inā i ka wā mua e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka moena o ka hau, e kāpīpī i ka humus a iʻa ʻōpala a i kāwī ʻia me ka polenetilone ʻeleʻele.
Ma mua o nā kanu kanu, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahana o ka lepo
Kūkulu ʻia nā hua waena waena i ka hoʻomaka o Mei. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o nā lā 65-80. Akā i waena o nā māla lāʻau, maʻamau lākou ʻaʻole kaulana. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia kēlā mau kanu, i ka hiʻohiʻona ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Kahi nā hua kanu ma waena (ʻo ka ʻala ʻana 80-85 mau lā) i kanu ʻia i nā makahiki hope loa o Mei. Mahalo nui nā māla iā lākou no kā lākou huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka palalike maikaʻi.
ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻano lewa liʻiliʻi (95-110 lā) he waena i ka mahina o Iune. Inā ʻaʻole, i kahi kūlana moderate o ka hua, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kali a hiki i ka hau kō. K wā kanu ʻia nā ʻuala ma loko o ka manawa like. ʻO kāna mau pono kānalua ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi, transportability a me ka palekana maikaʻi loa.
Eia kekahi, he nui nā māla e alakaʻi ʻia e ka kalima lunar, e hōʻike ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā lā ʻono maikaʻi loa a kūpono ʻole no ka kanu ʻana i kahi ʻano kanu. I ka 2019, ua manaʻo ʻia e kanu i nā ʻuala:
- i Mei - 1, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31;
- i Iune - 1, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28, 29.
A e haʻalele i kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi:
- i Mei - 5, 19;
- i Iune - ka Pōʻakahi, 17th.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai me ka mālama ʻole i kēia mau loiloi, mai noʻonoʻo ʻole i ke ʻano o ka mea i kēlā me kēia lā kūikawā.
Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hahai ana nā māla. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole e aʻo ʻia e kanu i nā ʻuala ma ka Lama Palamaʻa - ʻo ia ka hū o ka moa. Ma ka Pōʻalima maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe Poaha e pāpā ʻia ʻole nā hana palena. ʻO ka mea kanu i kanuʻia ma ka Pōʻakū a i ʻole Pōkole i mālama mau i ka mālama pono ʻana.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi a me ka hoʻomākaukau i ka māla
He wahi no ka ʻuala i loko o kahi kīhāpai i nā hapa he nui i mālama ʻia no ke koena. Akā, ʻo kēia moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi loa kekahi i kona mau koi no ka mea e ulu ana i nā kūlana, ʻo ia ka mea e makemake ʻia e hōʻoluʻolu inā hiki.
Ma ka wahi like, ua kanu ʻia nā ʻuala no ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa. A laila ke makemake ʻia kahi hoʻomaha o ka lōʻihi like. ʻO nā mea mua e noʻonoʻo ai he mau mea mua a me nā hoalauna. Hāpai ʻia ʻole ia e kanu i nā mea kanu ma hope a ma hope o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻohana Solanaceae (ʻōmala, nā ʻōpio kaila, ka hua manu, ʻōpala, physalis). Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻonui ʻoe i ka maʻi o ka maʻi me ka ʻaina hope, fusariosis, a me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pīpoki Kalani o Colorado. ʻO ka paukena (mau kukama, zucchini, squash) i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka hopena o ka lohi, no laila ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia nō hoʻi lākou e haʻalele iā lākou. A ʻo ka hele ʻana o kahi moena māla e kokoke ana me nā strawberry e hana ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā wireworms a me nematode aneane hiki ʻole ke alo.
ʻO nā ʻōpala, e like me kekahi Solanaceae, he mea ʻole ʻole o nā hoalauna a me nā poʻe mua i mua o nā ʻuala - ua loaʻa lākou i nā maʻi like a me nā pōpoki
ʻO ka pili ʻana me nā ʻano kīhini, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pīpī puaʻa, he hopena maikaʻi loa ia i ka ʻuala. Kēʻulu kēia mau mea kanu i ka lepo me ka nitrogen, kahi makemake nui loa ka Colorado potato pigle a me nā wireworm. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia nā pīpī a me nā pīni i ka ʻaoʻao o ka moena, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma loko o nā pā, ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i ka mea kanu mai ka ʻuala.
ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi a me Cruciferous (nā ʻano kāpeti, radish, turnip, swede, lobish). ʻO Leaf mustard, kekahi o nā siderates maikaʻi loa, no ka ʻohana hoʻokahi. ʻO nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe (kāloti, kāloti), nā greens spicy, a me ke aniani a me ke kāleka ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻuala. Hoʻopuka ka hope hope, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i nā pōpoki he nui.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lau pua nui ma kahi moena me nā ʻuala ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, akā ua pale pū i nā wireworms
Potato keʻano ʻaʻole ʻae i kekahi celery a me ka pālato. ʻO kā lākou hele aʻe ma hope iki e lilo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka huahana. Loaʻa iā ia iho ka hopena like ma ka lāʻau'ōhila - ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā hua, ke ʻānai ʻia ko lākou ʻono. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻuala ma kahi kokoke o raspberry, aronia, cherries, buckthorn kai.
He hopena maikaʻi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pā pīpī kokoke i kahi huahana huaʻai
E like me nā mea kanu he nui, e aloha ana nā ʻuala i ka mahana a me ka lā. Koho ʻia ka wahi no kahi moena e like me ka wehe, inā i pale ʻia inā he pale ʻia. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka moena mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema.
No nā ʻuala, ka mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau ʻole i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi iā ia nā mana pono no nā kūlana ulu.
E makemake ana ka moʻomeheu lepo i ka māmā, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi, kahi kū ʻole i ka wai. ʻAʻole ulu ka pototi i loko o kahi paʻakai, lepo lepo lepo koʻikoʻi, kekahi mau ʻāina haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi me ka wai palena kokoke i ka papa. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻohu ʻāʻī e hele mai ana mai ka lepo, kona ʻili a me ka hele ʻana o ka nui o ka moss.
ʻO ka māla maikaʻi loa no ia he loam, loam Sandy, forest sierozem, sod-podzolic lepo a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻo chernozem. ʻO ka nui o ka papa e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻuala e hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia e nā mauʻu e ulu ana ma kēia wahi. ʻO ka lepo o kahi ʻano like e makemake ʻia e ka mauʻu palaoa, coltsfoot, dandelions, clover. Inā ʻokoʻa nā ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai-hoʻokaʻa ʻole i ka mea kūlohelohe, e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ia me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka palaoa dolomite, ʻōpala ʻula hua manu i ka acid acidate, a me nā ʻula, ka lāʻau a me ka sawdust hou o nā lāʻau coniferous i ka alkaline substrate.
ʻO ka palaoa Dolomite - kahi deoxidizer maoli o ka lepo, inā e nānā pono ʻia ka dosage, ʻaʻohe ona hopena
I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, ke kāʻili ʻia nā moena o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma ka pūnāwai ma kahi hebedoma ʻelua ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua hāmama ʻia lākou i ka hohonu o 12-15 cm. superphosphate a me 15-20 g o ka pālea potate ma 1 m² o ka waihona, a hemo pū kekahi i nā lepo āpau. Hāʻawi ka paʻakai i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka wai o tubers, ka phosphorus - kā lākou nui.
Humus - kahi hopena kūlohelohe e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻouluʻana i ka lepo
I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā māla i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka māla lau o ka mea kanu i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hāʻule mua ʻana o ka manure. Ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina, ua ʻowai ʻia a kanu ʻia lākou me ka pua ma ka ʻāina. He mea kanu pilikino kēia me nā waiwai waiwai ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻo Legumes i hui pū me Asteraceae kāpae i ka nematode.
Video: hoʻomākaukau i nā moena uala
Ke koho ana i nā wai wai no nā kanu
I ka hapanui pinepine, ʻo ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, nā mea kanu o nā māla ʻuala o kēia hua. Akā ke alakaʻi nei kēia hana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ma hope o nā makahiki he 5-7 i hoʻohiki ʻia ai nā hōʻailona "hiwahi", ʻano ka hua nui, e like me ka nui o nā hua aʻa. Pono nā mea kanu e hoʻonui hou.
No ka hōʻoia pono i kona maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, i ka wā o nā mea kanu loina, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā pua nui he nui. I ka hāʻule, ke nānā nei lākou i kā lākou huahana. Inā ʻae a ʻoi aku paha ka nui o nā kūmeline ma mua o ka ʻano maʻamau o kēia mea, he kūpono ke kanu lāʻau. ʻAʻole hoʻi he nui loa lākou.
Ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua alakaʻi ʻia lākou e ka mea e ulu ana i ka lāʻau i kēia makahiki.
Ua kūʻai kūʻokoʻa wale nā kūleʻa hou mai nā mea hoʻolako me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi - i loko o nā kahu hānai a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai kūikawā. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā palapala pono e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻuala - nā palapala a me nā laikini no ka pono e kūʻai. ʻO ka kūʻai ʻana i nā hale ʻoihana mahiai, a me ka ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka lima, he pilikia nui. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo he mea makemake kēia o ka like. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ke kīleʻa i nā mea kanu.
ʻO ke koho kūpono loa no ka kanu ʻana he mau kūleʻa maʻamau a i ʻole ka ovoid e kaupaona ana i ke 50-90 g, ʻaʻole palake a ʻaʻole hoʻi o ka nāu. I ke kīmaha, pono lākou i ka paʻakikī, a pono hoʻi e ʻāʻī ke ʻano o ka ʻili, kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ke ʻano ʻalohi, nā hōʻailona o ka pā, huʻu a me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka hapa o ka hoʻopili honua, akā ʻo rhizoctonia. ʻO ka hele ʻia ʻana o ka helu he nui o ka "maka", akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai i nā ʻuala i hala mua ʻia. ʻO kahi mea nui, ka māhele nui o nā mea puna e uha i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana. Inā ʻaʻohe koho, e makaʻala e nānā i ke kala o nā pua - pono lākou he mauve, lilac, ʻuʻala he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā, ʻaʻohe hihia ʻeleʻele. I nā kūleʻa olakino, hiki i nā pūpiki, elastic. ʻO ke ʻano like o ko lākou kaila like me ka wī e nā maʻi.
Koho maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻuala no ka kanu ʻana, ʻo ia ke kī i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka wā e hiki mai ana
I ka hoʻohui aku i nā hiʻohiʻona, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka wehewehe o kēlā me kēia ʻano, kona kūpono kūpono no ka kanu ʻana i kahi mahele. Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a nā mea kanu maikaʻi i ka ʻākau a i ke kūkulu hema.
Ua ʻōlelo ka Agronomists i nā ʻano o ka ʻuala i hoʻopili ʻia ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina CIS ke hōʻike i ka pale pai ʻana i nā fungi pathogen. A ʻo nā mea kanu i ka lawaiʻa o nā ʻāina ʻē ke ʻemi a ʻeha i nā maʻi nematodes
Hoʻomoe pākana ʻana i nā hana kūlato
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻuala kō. ʻO kahi āpau āpau o ka hana mahiʻai, no laila, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā hana i mua, i ka 30-40 mau lā ma mua o kahi pae ʻāina i hoʻolālā ʻia. Inā hana pono nā mea āpau, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hua e pili ana i ka 20-30%, wikiwiki koke nā hua kanu.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea kanu mai ka kahua mālama a nānā ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wai kanu shriveled no 10-12 mau hola i ka wai, hoʻomoʻa ʻia i kahi mahana o 25-28ºС. Ke neʻe pololei aku nei nā kumu aʻoaʻo iā ʻoe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā puna me nā fungicides e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi jamur. Ma kūpono e hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻōlelo kūlohelohe no ka maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino a me ka palekana no ka kaona. ʻO kēia, no ka laʻana, Gamair, Bactofit, Fitosporin-M, Agat-25K.
ʻO Fitosporin-M kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau maʻamau
A laila ua pālahalaha lākou ma ka papahele i loko o kahi lumi kahi e hoʻomau ai ke kūleʻa mau ʻana ma kahi o 20 ° C, e waiho ana i kahi lole palupalu, kokoke i ka puka makani. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōlohelohe kūleʻa, no ka laʻana, nā kukui uwila, akā no laila pono ʻoe e uhi i ka ʻuala me ka pepa a i ʻole ka lole ʻāpana. I ka mālamalama, nā ʻuala i hana i ka solanine, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lau greenish. Hoʻopili kēia mea i nā pōpoki he nui, he manu maoli nō hoʻi. I kēlā me kēia mau lā 5-7, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā kūmole a me ka hoʻōla maʻalahi ʻia me ka wai mai kahi pahu ʻauʻau wai. Ma hope o kahi o 10-15 mau lā, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka mahana i 15 ° C no laila e ala aʻe nā "maka".
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻōpala o Green i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi
Inā ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono, hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o nā ʻuala i loko o nā ʻeke kirihala māmā, e hana ana i nā lua o ka pono ma loko o lākou, a kau aku iā lākou mai ka paia a i ʻole paha.
Inā ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono, hiki ke kanu ʻia i nā ʻuala ma ka home i nā peke aila
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻele i ka ʻeleʻele vernalization - ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai puna i loko o nā pahu a i nā pahu paha i piha me ka perlite, vermiculite, ke one, nā ʻōpala peat a i ʻole kahi sawdust. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā koho ʻelua - e hoʻopili pono kēia mau mea i ka wai, ʻokoʻa ka mōʻī o ka ʻōhū ʻana i ka wai lālani. Mālama mau ʻia ka substrate i ke kahawai maloo, aia ka mahana o ka lumi ma kahi pae o 15ºС.
Me ka vernalization maloʻo, ʻaʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻuala, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā pūpihi
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā ʻaina ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kanuʻia nā ʻuala, a laila hoʻouna ʻia no ka pīpī ʻana i nā ipu i piha i kahi substrate kūpono.
Ma kahi hebedoma ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ʻīpī ʻia ka ʻuala me ka biostimulants - he hopena maikaʻi kēia o ko lākou make ʻana, hoʻonui i ka hikiwawe i ke kime a me nā kūlana o ke anuanu e mamao loa ana, a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka lohi ʻana o nā hua. Hoʻohana lākou i nā mākaukau kūʻai ʻelua - humate o ka pālea a me ka sodium, Epin, Emistim-M, Zircon, a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka wai - ua hoʻoheʻe ʻia ka meli me ka wai, ka pā kuhi ʻana i ka ʻai, succinic acid. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā pākala potassium (3-5 g / l) i ka hopena, ʻo ka "pale kūʻē i ke koʻokoʻo" e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana, ulu wikiwiki ka puna.
Video: hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻuala kanu no ka kanu
Ke kanu nei i nā ʻuala a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā
Hoʻokomo paha nā kanu uala i nā mea āpau. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ke kaʻina hana i kahi wehewehe kikoʻī. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūpū ma loko o nā lua a i ʻole hapa manu, a laila ua hiamoe me ka honua. ʻO ka mole ma waena o lākou he 25-40 cm (ma muli o ka nui o ka aʻa aʻa a me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau), ka laila ka nui o ka 65-70 cm. ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua e hilinaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka papahele - ka lighter ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui e pono ai ka hohonu. ʻO ka pinepine ka nui o 8-10 cm. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka pākaui, ʻo kahi mea ʻeleʻī o humus, kahi mea ʻalaʻā aʻa ʻūhā liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia ma loko o ka ʻili o ka ʻala. Ua hoʻonā aku kona ʻala i nā pōpoki he nui. I ka pau ʻana o ke kanu, ua kiʻekiʻe ke alo o ka moena me kahi haki. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano o "kupuna", ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana pū. Hoʻokahi kekahi i nā lua, ʻo ka lua e hoʻokomo i nā kōpuna i loko. I mea e hana ai i nā lālani, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻailona mua i ka moena, no ka laʻana, e hoʻohana ana i ke kaula, inā nā kānalua e manaʻo nui i kou maka ponoʻī.
ʻO ka hana kanu kanaka i nā hana mua e ʻike ʻia i mua o kēlā me kēia māla
Vitio: pehea e kanu ai i ka ʻuala ma kahi ʻano kuʻuna
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka pālākiō maʻamau ma ka haneli (10 * 10 m), hiki ke kanu ʻia nā lālani 14, kēlā me kēia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 25 mau wai. Wahi a ia, he 350 mau huaʻai e ʻānai ʻia, ʻo ka huina o laila he 25-28 kg. Inā pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i kahi hectare, a laila aia ka 250 mau lāʻau ma ka laina, a he 142 mau lālani. ʻO ka helu o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia ma kēia hihia he 35,500, ko lākou paona he 2.85 tons. ʻO ka awelika kumukūʻai ma ka waena waena o Rūsia he 100-150 kg no hoʻokahi haneri mika mita. Kūpono i nā kui o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia kiʻi i ka 200-250 kg.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kuʻuna, aia kekahi mau hana e kanu ai i nā ʻuala.
- Kapono-ʻike hewa. Ua hoʻolilo ʻia ka moena i loko o kahi "huaā", me nā ʻona o 50-70 cm.
- Kāhea. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lua i ʻelua mau lālani pili i kekahi.
- Nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lālani i nā lālani me kahi mamao o 30 mau mika.Ahū ka mamao ma waena o nā laina pālua ʻelua e pili ana i 1 m.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka lālani hua pālua ʻelua o kekahi o nā ʻano hana o kēia wā
Akā i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māla e ʻoi aʻe e hoʻopilikia, me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaʻina a hiki i ka nui. No ka hana i kēia, aia nā motoblocks me nā puʻu a me nā mea kanu kūikawā. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hope no ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā wahi nui loa.
Aia ka papahele ma hope o kahi kuahiwi, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokuʻu mua i ka lepo, a laila e hoʻopiha i nā pua, "hopper" kīʻaha, kahi i piha ai ka pīpī, a me ka mea lawe lawe mea e hū aku i ka ʻuala ma ka manawa maʻamau. ʻO ka paona kūpono loa no ka pae ʻana me kahi traktor-hele hope ma kahi o 60 cm. Ma mua o kou hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ʻūpī me nā kōpune me ka honua, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i nā wili kele hao i ka huehue maʻamau, e waiho ana i ka pae.
Ke kanu nei i nā ʻuala me kahi papahele wāwae-ʻaoʻao, e hana ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa, hoʻopiha wale ʻia nā kōpuna i loko o ka hopper
Mea wikiō: ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻuala e hoʻohana ana i kahi traktor hope-hope
Nā ʻano hana lima
ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu. No laila, ʻaʻole kanu pinepine ʻia nā kūmele, akā, ʻo kā lākou mau ʻāpana. Eia hoʻi, aia kekahi mau nuʻa e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike i mua o ka mea ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
"Kūpono"
ʻO ka hiʻona o kēia ʻano ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā hua wai i nā ʻāpana ma mua o ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo. Pono kēlā me kēia mea ke "maka" - kahi ulu. ʻO kahi pālahalaha iki ʻole nā hoʻokolohua ʻole, nā ʻuala o ka puka pololei e kūpono no kēia me ka ʻole o ka hōʻailona hōʻino o ka maʻi a me ka pohō make ʻole. Heʻuʻuku nā maka "ma luna o lākou, akā nui ka nui, ua ulu maikaʻi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpū ma nā ʻāpana e kahi pahi, kālai ʻia, kahi e kūleʻa hou ʻia ma hope o kēlā me kēia ʻoki. Hōʻwīwī koke ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki me ka ʻōpala ʻaʻa a ʻūlū paha. "Aia nā maka" i loko o nā pua i kau ʻia. ʻO ka momona iki o ka "wedges" o 5-8 g.
Aʻoki ʻoki ʻia nā ʻuala kālai me kahi pahi disinfected e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā maʻi
I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea kanu i loaʻa i kāna mau kikoʻī. Ma kahi o 20 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua lūlū ʻia nā kōpī i koho ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā me ka wai me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā biostimulators i ka hale kūʻai (0.5 L ampoule). Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā germs hoʻomohala ikaika.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono nā hua o nā "maka" i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pupuk. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo nā mea āpau e pono ai lākou e hāʻawi ʻia e kahi puna wai.
ʻAʻole ʻāpana liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana o ka ʻuala ʻana me nā "maka"
ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe, e ulu i nā hua mai ka "maka". No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia lāua me ka pulp i hana ʻia kahi moʻone a kanu ʻia i mua o ke ʻano kīwili me ka ʻāwī wīwī puna. Hoʻololi ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi i ka māla i ka wā e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā lau maoli.
Wikiō: nā kamaliʻi mai nā "maka"
Kaulana
Ma kahi ʻenehana kahiko ʻole, ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa. Ma kahi o ka mālama ʻana i nā kōpula, ua hiki i kēia ala ke hoʻohālike iā ʻoe i nā hua kanu o nā ʻano elite i hoʻokahi mau manawa a hoʻonui i nā mea kanu, hoʻohemo i nā maʻi. Aia nō kekahi mau hemahema - e pono e uku ʻia i nā lāʻau, no ka mea, ua hoʻomaka mua lākou ma muli o ka nele o nā meaʻai. Pono lākou i kahi substrate maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā ʻuala o ka wā kamaliʻi, ka waena waena a me ka wā waena e kūpono i kēia. Pono lākou e kanu i ka māmā, akā me ka ʻike ʻole o ka lā. Ma kahi o kēlā me kēia "maka", kūkulu ʻia nā kāwili 2-5 kūpono i ke kanu ʻana.
I ka wā e loaʻa ai lākou i ka lōʻihi o 10-15 cm, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai ka pākī, kuʻi kaʻi, a kanu ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi piha i ka umauma sphagnum mū a iʻa niu, hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka 2/3. Mālama ʻia ka lumi i kahi mahana o 16-20 ° C, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka substrate e pau i ka holoi ʻana me kahi ʻōnaehana biostimulant. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā hua me nā lau 4-5 i ka lepo.
Ke ulu nei i nā ʻuala mai nā puna e hiki ke mālama i ka kanu kanu a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia
I ka wā e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā tubers i hoʻōla ʻia. No laila, mai kēlā me kēia pākī hiki ke kiʻi i nā pua 20-45. E hoʻopiha i hoʻokahi haneri kapita mika, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1 kg o nā mea kanu mea waiho.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā mea kanu kūpono i ka māla, akā pono ʻoe e hōʻoki iā lākou ma ka lā hoʻokahi, a i ʻole ka lā ma mua. Ma mua, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia lākou no nā hola 6-8 i loko o kahi hopena o kahi stimulant pakiaka (Heteroauxin, Kornevin). I kēia hihia, hoʻomaka ka tuber wīwī he 15-20 mau lā ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia no ka ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā hua kanu i loaʻa mai nā mea kanu kanu e pono ai he mālama nui
Ua kūpono no nā kōpala o kahi ua wāwahi i nā mea kanu, akā e hoʻomohala iki ka lāʻau. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai nā pūnāwai, ʻaʻohe hihia e kāwili ʻia. A i ʻole, e hāhā wale ʻia kēia mau lāʻau āpau i nā mea kanu nawaliwali.
Wikiō: nā mea kanu ulu mai nā puna wai
Mini ʻōpala
ʻO nā mini-kōpana liʻiliʻi nā ʻuala liʻiliʻi i ulu i loko o nā kūlana o ka ʻoihana ma loko o nā kōpili. ʻO ka mua lākou i ka launa ʻia, no laila hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia e ʻona ʻole ʻia ka mea kanu. ʻO kā lākou huki wale ke kumukūʻai nui. ʻO ka hua mua o ka puna wai ka super elite, ukali ʻia e ka elite, ka hana mua, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka kokoke loa i ka mea kanu i ka puna hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o nā kūmato. Ma hope o ka makemake ʻana o 6-8 mau makahiki, ua nalowale ka nui o nā ʻano varietal, kanu hou ʻia nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā pālī ʻuala liʻiliʻi - kahi mea kanu elite
Pono e kūʻai kūleʻa ʻia nā mini-kū mai nā mea ʻike kaulana a hilinaʻi. Kahi liʻiliʻi nā māla o ke ʻano e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā ʻuala liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole kaʻokoʻa o ke kaʻina vernalization a me nā kanu kanu i ka ʻāina ma kēia hihia. ʻO ke ana wale nō ka mea hiki ke mālama ʻia nā mea kanu fungicide.
Nā huʻu
ʻO ka mea hou nei, ua nui ka nui o nā māla i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻuala e nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi ma kahi o nā kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu, ua pono ke ʻano o nā pono i loaʻa ke ʻano - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua ma mua o nā kūmole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele iā lākou i ka maʻi a me nā mea like ʻole. Hōʻike ka ʻike o nā māla i kanu ʻia nā huaʻai i ulu nā hua i nui, ua liʻiliʻi ʻia i ka hopena o ke kala ʻawaʻawa, a i ʻole e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohālikelike o ka wā. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia a ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā hua ma kā lākou ponoʻī me ke koho ʻana i kekahi mau huaʻaina e like me nā ʻōmato liʻiliʻi.
Manaʻo ka nui he nui i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kumulāʻau ʻuala, akā hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka māla me nā hua
ʻAʻole me kahi ala a me nā hemahema. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka paʻakikī a me ka lōʻihi o ka kanuʻana, a me ka emi haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā mea hua i loaʻa mai nā huaʻa he mea maikaʻi loa ia, me ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā kūlana mai nā pae maikaʻi loa, e ʻāpono ʻia paha nā maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā "wāwae ʻeleʻele". He mea palupalu nā hua, ke hele a hoʻololi pono ʻoe e makaʻala e like me ka hiki.
He haʻahaʻa loa ka hoʻonāwīwī i nā hua kanu, ʻoi aku ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu
ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka lūlū hua i ka hopena o Malaki a i ka makahiki mua paha o ʻApelila. Hoʻopili mua lākou a ʻae ʻia i ka māka, i uhi ʻia i ka lole kāwele. Kūkulu ʻia lākou i ka ʻāina maloʻo loa a me ka māmā, pono e hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano i loko o kahi "ʻōmaʻomaʻo", e hāʻawi i ka wela.
ʻO ka wā e loaʻa ai nā mea kanu e kali i ʻelua mau pule ʻelua. I ke kumu o ka lua o ka lau maoli, huehue nā hua. Aia ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻōla maʻamau a me ka mālama ʻana me nā biofungicides no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka lawaiʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo 1-2 me ka kōkōlima mineral.
Lawe maikaʻi ʻo ka kumulāʻau mea kanu
Hoʻohuli ʻia nā hua hua i ka ʻāina ma ka hopena o Mei. I ka malama mua, ua huki ʻia ʻo ia me ka uhi lole keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻanuʻu. I kekahi wā, hana ʻia ma lalo o ʻelua mau puʻu. Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka wai, akā pinepine, i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau lā, palupalu pinepine ʻia a me ka weed. Hoʻohana ka mea hoʻohālikelike i ka mineral.
I ka wā mua, e loaʻa ka mea mahiʻai i kahi hua o ka mini-kū kaupaona he 10-50 g, kahi ʻano nui i ke ʻano, ka laulima o ka ʻili a pēlā aku. E mālama iā lākou e like me nā ʻuala maʻamau. Ua koho ʻia nā mea maikaʻi loa mai iā lākou, ka mea i kanu ʻia no ka makahiki aʻe, e lawe ana i kahi hua piha.
ʻO nā hua umu uala mua i loaʻa mai nā hua he nui i ka nui, ka hoʻohālikelike, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
Video: mai ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu a i hōʻiliʻili ʻia
Ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo
Ua ʻike ka nui i ka hapanui o ka pīpī i ka wā kanu i ka wā kanu e hiki mai ana. Wahi a ia, he pale maikaʻi loa lākou. Hiki i kēia waiwai ke kiʻi i ka hua mua loa. Hōʻike nā noiʻi e agronomists e kanu ʻia nā kūmato i ka hohonu o 10-15 cm e hoʻomanawanui i ka manuahi o ka substrate i -10 ° C me nā pilikia ʻole. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole kūpono ia ke kaʻina no nā wahi me kahi huluhulu ʻano nui, akā ua hoʻokō ʻia ma ke kumu o Rūsia a me ka ʻaoʻao hema.
Pono ke kime haki kūpono ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 150 g ka mea e pono ai no ke kanu. Pono lākou e mālama i ka mālamalama no 7-10 lā, no laila ʻulaʻulaʻula ka ʻili. Mālama kēia i ka pae ʻāina mai ka bear a me ka rodent.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka moena, e like me ka mea maʻamau. Ua koho ʻia ka pūnaewele a ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wai ʻole. Kūkulu ʻia nā tubers i ka hāʻule, i ka pō ua ʻōlohelohe ka lolo i ka moena, a i ka lā o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i ka laikini helu me ka limalima o 25-30 cm a me ka lālani i ke aniani o 45-50 cm.ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua he 15-20 cm. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻuala i pīpī ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (mai nā kiʻi), hoʻopiʻi ka pālolo ma loko (kūmū manure maʻa o ka bear). lehu a me ka ʻalī ʻili.
Mai luna mai, e hoʻolei ʻia o ka moena me nā lālā poki, i uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu i kāwili ʻia me ka lāʻau pālala, e hana ana i kahi papa 25-30 cm mānoanoa, a laila huki ʻia me nā papana he nui o kekahi mau mea uhi hanu.
No ka hoʻoilo, pono ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moena uala
I ke kau mua, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā mulch a pau, ua pani hou nā moena me ka uhi ʻana i nā mea i nā ʻanuʻu. ʻO nā pana me ke kiʻekiʻe o 4-5 cm e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi hopena o kekahi biostimulant. I ka manawa e hoʻonui ai lākou i ka 10-15 cm, wehe ʻia ke keʻena, ulu nā ʻuala. A laila e mālama, e like me ka maʻamau. Maʻalahi e loaʻa i nā mea kanu ke kala, a ʻaʻole i mana ka lā o ka popolika ʻo Colorado.
Ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Ma ke kānāwai, mālama ʻia ke kaila no nā mea kanu huaʻai. ʻAʻohe ulu nā ʻuala i loko. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale kēia inā inā he pahuhopu e kiʻi i ka huaʻai i nā hola. ʻO nā māla mua wale nō ka lau mua ʻana i kūpono no ka māla ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Inā hoʻomehana ʻia, he mea nui hoʻi ka kūʻē o ka hau o kēia ʻano.
Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻuala i loko o ka hale ʻaina wela e hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela e kiʻi ai i ka hōʻiliʻili no ka makahiki Hou, a i ʻole ma ka nuku o ka hoʻoilo a me ka punawai, a laila e ʻoki ʻia i ka mua o Iune. I ka hihia mua, kauoha pū ʻia ka hele ʻana o ke kukui kūlohelohe, inā ʻaʻole e ulu mālie nā mea kanu.
Pono e liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā kōpana no ke kanu ʻana i ke kīpiha ma mua o ka ʻāina hamama (80-100 g). Pono lākou e hoʻoneʻe ʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka vernalization e hana ana, e like me ka maʻamau. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomoʻi i ka lewa palma e pili ana i hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu.
ʻAʻole hoʻi ka haʻahaʻa o ka lepo i ka manawa e kanu ai ma lalo o 5ºС. Hiki i ʻelua mau kihi ke hoʻohana i ka - maʻamau (ka palena o ka lālani ma kahi o 60 cm a me ka kiko ma waena o nā lāʻau he 25-30 cm) a me nā lālani ʻelua (ʻo ke ʻano ma waena o waena o lākou he 30 cm, ma waena o nā lālani a hiki i 80 cm, aia nā kato he 25-30 cm ma a hewa loa). ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua he 6-7 cm.ʻO nā mea kanu āpau e kanu wale ʻia, kahi hoihoi o ka wai i hoihoi i nā rodents a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Mālama ʻia ka mahana o ka ulu ulu ʻana ma ka pae o 18-20º, e hoʻonui ana i ka 21-23º only wale nō no ka manawa o ka pua. ʻO ka wai 3-4 mau manawa, no ka manawa mua loa - ke hiki ana nā mea kanu i 7-8 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi ʻo ia ka drip irrigation. Ma hope koke o kēia, e hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu huaʻai. Ma mua o ka pua, kahi spud a mulch paha.
ʻO nā mea kanu me nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻomanaʻo nei, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka puhila o ka wā i hala, e ʻeli koke a luku aku. Ma ka palena palena o ka home, e hoʻolaha koke kēia ʻuala i loko.
Hoʻouka maikaʻi ia i nā mea kanu i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō ma kahi ʻenehana
Inā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ʻuala i loko o ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻole ma mua o nā hola o ke ao o 10 mau hola a keu paha. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia, ʻo ka hoʻomaka mua kēia o ka pūnāwai, i nā Urals a me Siberia - waenganui-ʻApelila. He mea kūpono e hoʻonaʻauao i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo iā ia mai ke komohana a i ka hikina a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hale i pihi ʻia - ma kēia ala e hoʻomoʻo wikiwiki ai ʻo ia. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻolei ʻia ka lepo me ka mauʻu (ʻāpana 10-15 cm) a paʻa i ka spanbond ʻeleʻele, lutrasil, agril. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pre-tubers, akā, ʻaʻohe mea e ulu ai lākou. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Humus i loko o ka lua, ua piha pū lākou me ia.
Kōkua: nā māla kanu i loko
Ma kahi kokoke i nā māla e ulu i nā mea kanu ulu. I ka ʻike mua, maʻalahi kāna ʻenehana ahonui, akā he nui nā nuances ma aneʻi. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i ka māla a hoʻoili i nā kūhā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i nā hua i nui aʻe ka nui ma mua o ka mea maʻamau. A me nā hana o nā hana kuʻuna e hiki ke mālama i nā mea kanu. Kuhi ʻia nā puna wai e ke kū maikaʻi o ka hau, ua hiki ke kanu ʻia a hiki i mua o ka hoʻoilo, no laila e loaʻa ai ka hōʻiliʻili ma mua.
