Nā hua waina Kishmish: kahi ʻoluʻolu kūlike i ka papa ʻaina Lūkia

ʻO Kishmish kahi huina keu maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke ʻano papaʻaina a me kahi ʻano ʻona. Hoʻohui maikaʻi loa ʻia me nā leka musky no nā pākeke a me nā keiki. Akā ke kumu nui o ka pili o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia kahi kishmish e nā mākia ʻelua me ka makaʻu ʻole o nā hua. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻino, he ʻaʻa ʻenehana ʻole lākou e like me ka nui o ka poʻe i makemake. A mai ka Kishmish pono e hana maikaʻi lākou nā palaka.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā hua waina Kishmish

Aia ka inoa o kēia ʻano i nā aʻa Persia, a kani ke ʻano lealea, e like me kekahi ʻano o ka ʻoluʻolu oriental - Kishmish. Ua unuhi maoli ʻia ʻo "hua ʻōpala maloʻo." No ka mea maoli, ʻo ka ʻāina home o kēia ʻano ka ʻāpana ʻĀkau o Asia. Ua haʻi ʻia ʻo Kishmish i ka makahiki 1212 i kahi moʻo moʻomanaʻo Uzbek.

I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hua waina me nā hua liʻiliʻi a i ʻole me kā lākou pau ʻole i ka ʻōlelo o ʻAsia Central. Ua hana ʻia e ka mutation kūlohelohe. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kūlohelohe e nā kānaka a hoʻomau. ʻO ka hopena o ka hana painstaking ka mea i hānau ʻia ai nā ʻano nui o nā hua waina me nā keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​hua ʻeleʻele.

ʻO Kishmish - kahi hana kūʻokoʻa o ka helehelena, kahi i leʻaleʻa ai ka poʻe me ka leʻaleʻa

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano

Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka inoa ʻo Kishmish i kahi ʻano nui like ʻole i loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona.

1. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka nele o nā hua i loko o ka Berry. I kekahi mau ʻano hāpono, aia kēia mau mea, akā heʻuʻuku loa a he walaʻhea ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia.
2. He palala a maloʻo paha nā pua o Kishmish me nā hua liʻiliʻi. Kauka ka kala i ka ʻokoʻa. Akā, me ke ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa - he pā kāwili ka berry a he mālama maikaʻi loa ia.
3. ʻO ka pulpona he kikoʻai haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe - mai 17 a 25%. Hōʻea kēia iā Kishmish i kahi pīpī kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā kīnika.
   

   ʻO ka wai momona, ka hapa nui o nā hua a me nā pulpū mānoʻo ka make ʻo Kishmish i kahi ʻano kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka kīloi
4. ʻO Kishmish kahi hua waina holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻano ʻono palapala a me nā papa ʻaina. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā hua ʻai i ka lau, ʻano maloʻo, hana ʻia ka waina, kahi paila kuke.
5. ʻO nā koho āpau he pollinators maikaʻi loa.
6. He huahana momona nui ka Kishmish. ʻO nā huaora a me nā microelement i loko o ia mea e kōkua i ke ola hou ʻana ma hope o kahi maʻi maʻi, kākoʻo i ka puʻuwai naʻau, a hoʻihoʻi hou i ke kaumaha.

Ma kēia, inā paha, pau ka mea like. Loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka kūʻē o ka hau.

Kishmish Radiant - wikiō

Nā ʻano punahele

Mahalo i nā hana koho, hiki i nā ʻano aloha wela a Kishmish ke ulu i kēia wā ʻaʻole wale ma Central Russia wale nō, akā, i loko nō hoʻi o nā wahi anu. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa e ʻae wale aku i ka kala a me ka nui o nā huaʻa, akā i loko o kahi laulā o nā hiʻohiʻona.

1. ʻO Hungarian Kishmish, a ʻo Kishmish 342 - kahi ʻano kaulana loa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kakahiaka nui, ʻo ia wale nō 110 - 115 mau lā e māhuahua ai. Ikaika nui ka mea kanu. Aia nā hua nui i ka nui, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā. ʻO ka nui o ka pala mai ka 300 a i ka 500 g He palupalu ka pulp, me ke ʻano musky. Ke kū nei i nā maʻi maʻi. Ka uakaū ʻana i ka palaki mai 22 a -26 ° C. Hoʻohana ʻia e like me kahi ʻano makana, kūpono no ka hoʻomaloʻo.
   

   Hāpai ʻia kahi kishmish Hungarian nui

2. ʻO Kishmish Aksaysky kahi līlani mua i ka wā mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi i ka huakaʻi i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. ʻO nā keke o ka ikaika ikaika. Nui ka nui, ka conical ma ke ʻano, me ka paona o 500 - 600 g. ʻO nā hua nui he nui, oval. ʻO ka pulima kekahi mea ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi me ka ʻono pala palaono, iʻoi loa ka nui o ke kō. Kuhi ʻia nā huaʻala ma nā aniani ʻulaʻula, akā i ka wā e ʻoliʻoli nui lākou i ka ʻulaʻula uliuli. Kū'ē mai i ka pala, oidium, kūmau i ka hina hina. Maikaʻi ka hōʻike a me ka transportability.
   

   Kishmish Aksaysky i pale aku i nā maʻi he nui
3. Kishmish Century - ke ʻano keu i ulu ʻia ma USA i ka makahiki 1966, ua kaulana i ka honua a pau. ʻO ka wā ʻaumua ka awelika - ma 120 - 125 mau lā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa ulu. He lāʻau paʻa ko ka mea kanu. Nā kīʻaha o ke ʻano conical, ʻoi ka nui ma ke kūwaho nui loa - 700 - 1200 g. ʻO Berry ka melemona-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, oval i ka helehelena, me ka ʻili āpau akā ikaika. He homogeneous ka pulō, he crispy, ʻono loa. ʻO ka momona ke kau, me ka momona o ka nutmeg, nā kōna honu 13%, waikona - 6 g / l. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaihue, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi hōʻike maikaʻi. Akā ʻaʻole ia e mālama pono - loaʻa koke nā huaʻai i kahi hāpoki. Kūpono kūmole - kū mau a hiki i -25 ° C.
   

   ʻO Kishmish Century - kahi ʻano lehulehu mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

4. ʻO Kishmish Radiant wale nō ka mea i loaʻa i ke kākau inoa aupuni. Nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻopiʻi - Lower Volga a me North Caucasus. Kūpono i nā ʻano me ka manawa maʻamau e ulu ai - 125 - 130 mau lā. Kūpono ikaika ʻoi aku me ka laulā ākea o nā ʻelima i ka lehelehe maoli i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lau. Mālamalama ka lau lau me ka wai ʻalani. Bisexual ka pua. ʻO ka niho hāhā, friable, me ka paona 413 g. Ma muli o kekahi mau hōʻike, hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ka paona a hiki i ka 1 kg. He ʻano ovoid elongated ka ʻona, a me ka ʻokoʻa. Palapala keʻokeʻo ka ʻulaʻula, i ka ʻiʻo ke nānā maikaʻi, ʻiʻo a me ka ʻono. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka pae o nā tasters - 9.1 mau kikoʻai (ma kahi 10-point 10). ʻO ka huahelu waena he 126c / ha. Paia ia e ka loulou e 4 mau kihi, hina hina i 3 mau kuhi (he haʻahaʻa loa ka hōʻailona ma mua o ka maʻamau), e ka oidium ma 1 wahi.
   

   ʻO Kishmish Radiant - ka mea nona ka ʻono maikaʻi
5. ʻO Kishmish Moldavsky kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi ma hope o nā lā; Ua nui ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā palahe nui ka nui, me ka paona awelika o 600 g He mau pōpoki nā hua, i kekahi manawa he oval, nā ʻili a he ikaika a maʻemaʻe, ʻulaʻula a me ka pulu waʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pulima he mea momona, crispy. ʻOluʻolu ke ʻano, nani. ʻO ka pale e kūleʻa me ke aniani a me ka phylloxera. Inā ʻaʻohe meaʻino o ka lau o ka lau, a laila kūpaʻa ka huaʻai i ka pala hina. Nāu kuikahi e iho mau ana i -18 ° С. Hōʻike ʻo ia i ka transportability maikaʻi a mālama ʻia i ka lōʻihi.
   

   ʻO Kishmish Moldavsky - kahi ʻano makaʻu ʻole ʻole e hele i ka hele a me ka waiho ʻana

Nā hiʻohiʻona momona

Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā māla Kishmish me kahi ʻano koho i koho pololei ʻia, e like me kāna ʻano, kūpono i kou ʻāina. Eia kekahi, pono e nānā ʻia kekahi mau lula.

Hoʻomoe kahua a me ka hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻāina

ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi kūpono no nā māla āpau he manawa koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohālike, ʻaʻole e ulu ʻo Kishmish i ka pale pale. ʻAʻole kūpono ia ke kanu ma hope o nā kumulāʻau no ka hoʻokūkū no ka wai a me nā mea kanuʻai. E hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi me nā hana maʻamau - aloha nā hua waina i ka hōʻoluʻolu. No ka kanu ʻana i kēia ʻano mea pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi wela a wela loa, hāmama i ke kūkulu hema a i hema hema paha. Pono e ʻeleʻī a loaʻa paha kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka wahi.

ʻO ka lā - he mea kū hoʻokahi e hāʻawi iā Kishmish i kahi momona maikaʻi

Loaʻa nā pale shight i nā makahiki mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana. No ka mea he mau lāʻau loloa ʻo Kishmish, hiki i ka lula o nā hua waina ke hele mai i kahi o ka hoʻomālamalama kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO kahi koho kūpono ʻo ka kanu ʻana i kahi mea kanu ma kahi kokoke o ka paia pōhaku o kahi ʻano hana - kahi hale palaoa, kahi hale kākela kahi e pani ai i nā hua waina mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻAʻole pono kēia e kokoke kokoke i ka hale, ʻo ka nui o ka wai i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonāukiuki o ke kumu.

Ma ke kumu, hiki ke Kishmish ulu i luna o kahi lepo. Akā, e lawe wale i ka huaʻai i nā ʻāina palu a maikaʻi, e hoʻomehana wikiwiki loa a hāʻawi i ka ʻōnaehana aʻa me ka maʻalahi o ka oxygen a me ka makuhū. Loaʻa nā palupalu a me nā kala loamy, chernozems ma Cretaceous a me nā calcareous i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona. Hiki iā Sandstones ke koho maikaʻi, akā pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kā lākou hiki i ka wikiwiki ke nalowale i ka wai a me nā mea momona.

ʻAʻole kūpono i ka māla waina he mau ʻāina me kahi subsoil aʻaʻa-impermeable (kahi pali pōhaku, aia ma kahi kokoke i 1 m a i ka pae), kahi māla a me nā wahi paʻakai.

E hoʻomākaukau mua i ka lepo. Inā hoʻokō ʻia ka kanu ʻana i ka pūnāwai, a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻomākaukau i ka pūnaewele i ka hāʻule.

• hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi mai nā mea kanu a me nā pōhaku, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻaoʻao, hoʻopiha i nā lua;
• E kāʻei i ka hohonu hohonu o ka lepo (i kahi hohonu o ka emi iho ma lalo o 65 cm), aʻo ka manawa e hoʻopili ai i nā rotted humus (3-4 kg no 1 m²) a me 100 g o ka superphosphate. ʻAʻole pono nā poho nui o ka ʻāina e wāwahi ʻia, ʻo ia mau puʻu i ka wā hoʻoilo e kōkua e hopu i ka ua a hāʻule i ka wā e ka pūnāwai;
• Hoʻohui ʻia 1-1.5 kg o ka palaoa o ka phosphorite i nā lepo acidic;
• e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o ka lepo lepo koʻikoʻi, hoʻohui i ka pōhaku iʻa aʻa, ka one a me ka humus;
• pili nā ʻāina lepo ʻilihuna me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pit, manure a me chernozem;
• inā paʻakikī paha e eli ma ka nui, e hoʻohana i ka māla lāʻau.

Ke kāʻei nei i kahi kahua i wae ʻia i ka hāʻule, ʻaʻole e uhaʻi i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina, i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo e hoʻopau lākou iā lākou iho

Noho wā

Hiki i ke kanu Kishmish ke hana i ka pūnāwai a me ka liki. Ma nā wahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻano like ʻole, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, kanu lākou i ka wā lulu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wā.

Ma ka hiʻohiʻona o ka Crimea, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo i ka liki ʻo ka manawa kūpono loa no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua waina, ʻaʻole wale nō. ʻO ka manawa kūpono, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wela a me ka ua, hoʻomohala ai i kēlā microclimate kūʻokoʻa i ka wā e hoʻokō ai ka ʻōnaehana aʻa i nā kūlana hou ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau.

I nā wahi anu nā kahiki e hiki ai i ka līlū ke lawe mai i nā pīhoihoi i ke ʻano o ka nui o ka fru, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana i ka puna. Akā pono ʻoe e wikiwiki i kēia hihia. E pōmaikaʻi ka kaʻina inā inā kanu ʻia ka hua waina ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kahe wai, ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka mea kanu. Pono ka mahana o ka lepo i loko o 10 ° C i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu ai nā aʻa. Ma ke kānāwai, maʻamau nā kūlana no ʻApelila - ma mua o Mei.

Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i ka kanu ʻana o ka mea kanu, a no ka ʻokiʻoki, ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa ka pūnāwai.

Kanu ʻia nā lāʻau maloʻo i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū

Koho koho

ʻO ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka mea kanu, kona hopena, e pili pono ana i ka pololei o kou koho ʻana i ka lāʻau kanu.

1. ʻO ka kaʻina hāmeʻa maʻalahi e lawe ʻia e nā mea ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. No laila, ʻo 1 a 2 mau makahiki mau makahiki ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea makemake loa.
2. A aa Aia hoʻokahi kānāwai - ʻoi aku nā aʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. E ʻike ʻaʻole ʻaʻole iino ʻia, ʻūhū, a pau nā palena. E noi i ka mea kūʻai aku e ʻoki i kahi ʻoki o ka aʻa, inā he mālamalama ka ʻoki, a laila ola ke hua.
3. ʻOy. Pono ke kiko, me nā hōʻailona ʻole o nā maʻi a me nā wahi ʻili o ka necrotic, ʻo ka nunui a me ka kau ʻana.
4. Kolehila. Pono e hoʻolapalapa, ʻaʻole kaʻuʻuku, nui nā pōpoki.

Pono ka hua o nā hua waina he hopena maikaʻi a loaʻa hoʻokahi o ka ulu mau makahiki

Ke hana lāʻau

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi lua waina ma kahi paʻa. ʻO kona hohonu he 70 - 80 cm, ākea - 1 m. Kēia hilahila ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā aʻa o kahi hua kanu i ulu maikaʻi wale nō i ka lepo maluhia, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻōnaehana o ke aʻa me ka oxygen pono.

1. ʻO ka layer momona, lawe ʻia i ka wā o ka eli ʻana, ua kāwili ʻia me ka 2 - 3 mau ipu o ka manure ʻōpala a i ʻole humus, 200 - 300 g o superphosphate, 100 - 200 g o ka paʻakai pālolo.
2. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kākoʻo i ka papa paʻa o ka lua a kau ʻia ka piliki - ua ʻaki ʻia ka piliki a i ʻole ka nui kala.
3. E ninini i ka ʻano o ka lepo a hoʻopiha i ka wai a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāina.
4. I ka wā a hele ai i ka ʻāina, e kō i ka lua i ka lua. Pono kona hohonu e ʻike i ka nānā wale ʻia o nā maka 2 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana ma luna o ka ʻāina.
5. Pono e kuhikuhi pololei i nā aʻa ʻili.
6. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hoʻoulu ʻia ka seedling me ka wai mahana, ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana ʻana i ka lepo, ua humuhumu ka lepo.

He ala paʻa i kanu i nā hua waina - wikiō

Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu, he mea nui e pili ai i ka hoʻolālā. Ma waena o nā mea kanu i ka lālani pono ʻia 2, 5 - 3 m.

ʻO ka hohonu o nā kanu waina e hilinaʻi pololei ana i ka ʻaoʻao climatic a me ka hana lepo. I nā wahi hema, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu a hiki i ka kuʻekuʻe ma kahi pae o 50 - 55 cm mai ka lepo. I nā wahi anu a ma nā pāpū one - 60 - 65 cm.

Nā hiʻohiʻona mālama

Mai kahi pehea e mālama ai ʻo Kishmish i nā mea e pono ai, kū i ka huahana.

Hoʻohuʻu a me ka hānai

Makemake ʻo Kishmish i ka hoʻoulu. Akā ʻo ka pinepine a paʻakikī i ka nui, ʻaʻole ia e lawe i kekahi pono. Eia kekahi, pono e mālama pono i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, no ka laʻana, pono i ka mau one ka mea e pono ai ka umauma ma mua o ka chernozem.

Pono nā keiki hua i ka nānā nui. E hoʻohāinu lākou i kēlā me kēia 4 mau lā, keu inā he wela ke wā. E ninini i nā wai 3 i 4 mau wai ma lalo o nā mea kanu ʻōpio. E hoʻomoʻi i ka waiū, e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia huina i 2 mau papaʻaina - kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

ʻO nā wā nui loa no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua waina:

• ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea kanu;
• he hebedoma ma mua o ka pua;
• koke koke o ka pua;
• ka wā e hoʻopiha ai.

2 mau pule ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻēmi ʻia ka wai e 2.

Nui nā ʻano maikaʻi loa e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā hua waina, kekahi o lākou kahe.

Pono ke ʻano o ka hānai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka lole like ʻana me Kishmish, e koho ana i nā mea ʻala a me nā mea paʻakikī.

Pākuʻi momona

I kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki i ka hāʻule, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i manure a i ʻole kahi hoʻopiʻi no ka eli ʻana.

No Kishmish ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hui pū i nā meaola a me nā minela o nā minela

Hana ka hoʻomaikaʻi Foliar i ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻiliʻili

I ka wā o ka wā o ka pua o Kishmish hua lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Gibberellin, kahi e hōʻemi nei i ka hāʻule o ka ovary, ma muli o kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka hopena. Hoʻohuiʻia, hoʻonui i ka nui a me ke kō o nā hua o nā huaʻa. No ka kumuhana like, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau Ovary.

Kākau

Pono e hoʻohālikelike i kēlā me kēia hua kumulāʻau i nā makahiki ʻekolu o 4 mau makahiki i ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Ma waho o kēia ʻano loea nui, ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻopuka i nā hua kanu kiʻekiʻe a pilikia ia e mālama.

Hoʻomaka ʻo Kishmish e ʻoki i loko o ka pūnāwai, he ʻole o ka wā e kanu ai. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano cordon me kekahi, i kekahi manawa me nā wāwae ʻelua, ʻo ia ka mea pinepine, i kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi.

Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaula kaula poʻohiwi hoʻokahi

I mea e kaua ʻole ai i ka nāhelehele o ka lāʻau, ua ʻokoʻa ka awelika o 10 a 12 paha ma kahi o 1 m o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu. No ka ikaika loa nā ʻano, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka wā kanu - mai 8 a 12 mau maka. Hōʻike ka hana i nā ʻano Asia, kahi nona Kishmish, he infertile ka mua 4 - 5, no laila ke noi nei e kau i ka līlū lōʻihi iā lākou. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu pana, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā pua infertile a me ka nui o nā inflorescences, e waiho ana i 2 mau kui ma kēlā me kēia pana.

Ehia mau maka i ʻoki i nā hua waina - wikiō

Noho hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo

I nā ʻāina hema ʻaʻole pono e hūnā i nā hua waina. Akā inā e ulu ʻoe i ka berry maniani ma waena o Rūsia a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, a laila pono e mālama ʻia kēia ʻano mālama.

1. I ka wā hemo, e wāla ana ka lālani, a ma ke kauwela ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāina ma laila a hoʻoilo ʻia nā ʻano o ka umu. Lawe maikaʻi ka ʻāina i hoʻopili aku a mālama i ka humuhū.
2. I ka manawa like, luku i nā huʻu, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pōpoki i loko o lākou no ka hoʻoilo.
3. Hoʻololi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me nā kōkala potassium fosate a me ka hoʻoilo mua o ka hoʻoilo ma ka manawa.

ʻO nā mea ʻonaʻāina o ka'ōpala liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hua liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻa ʻia nā māla, waiho ʻia i ka ʻāina a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hao a lāʻau lāʻau paha. ʻO ka uhi uhi uhi ʻole me nā mea i ulana ʻia a uhi ʻia me ka honua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i nā pahu o ka palaka.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā paina mai ke kākoʻo aku i ka lepo a laila i uhi ʻia me ka mea e kāhili ʻole ʻia.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

ʻO nā hua waina maikaʻi wale nō ke hua i ka hua nui a hōʻike i nā hua kiʻekiʻe. No laila, pono ke pale a me ka pale o nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia.

1. Keokeo keʻokeʻo. I ka mua, ua pili nā pōpoki a me nā hua o nā hua waina. A laila e pālahalaha ka hua i nā huaʻai pilikino, a laila uhi ʻia ka palu holoʻokoʻa. E lethargic ke aniani, huli i ʻulaʻula a hāʻule i lalo. Uhiʻi nā vine ʻona i nā wahi i nā pihi, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā kihi me kahi hāma ʻeleʻele. I nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia, poha ʻia ka ʻili. I ke anuanu, ʻike ʻoe i nā spogen pathogen - nā ʻāpana polū o ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka hua pāpaʻi a me nā wahi o ke kumu waina. ʻO ka pilikia e hōʻike pinepine iā ia iho ma hope o ka napala ʻana o ka lā, huahekili, mū. Hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi, ka pīpī me ka hopena o 4% o ka puna wai o Bordeaux, he 5% kao o Kaptan a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale 1% o TMTD i nā hana e pale aku ai. Kāleka:
   • ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana mahiʻai;
   • ʻoi aku maoli ia pono e kiaʻi i ke aupuni pruning e hoʻomāliila maikaʻi ʻia nā lāʻau a hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā.
     

     ʻO ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ia ka hopena o ka lā a i ʻole ka hau.
2. Grey pala. Hiki i ka maʻi maʻa i nā huaʻai ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ko lākou kūkulu ʻana. Akā ʻo nā hua waina i hoʻomaka e ninini a uaʻaila ʻia. Ua uhi ʻia nā hua hua i nā pōkoki brown, ke kāwili ʻia ka ʻili iā lākou, puka mai kahi pālaʻi hina hina. Inā maloʻo ka ʻōpala, a laila e hoʻolilo ka ʻōpū i ka ʻala o nā hua waina, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻia he lei maikaʻi. ʻAʻole kūpono nā bula i hoʻopili ʻia e ka pala hina no ka halihali a me ka waiho ʻana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi. No laila, pono e alakaʻi ʻia nā hana a pau e pale i nā hana pale.
   • ka manawa kūpono no ka ʻoki a hoʻopaʻa i nā pua;
   • ʻokiʻoki i ka lau nui i loaʻa ai ka hua a nui i ka lā;
   • ma ka hōʻailona mua o ka hina ʻana, e hoʻopau koke ʻia ka hua holoʻokoʻa.
     

     Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hina hina

3. Rubela ʻO ka mea mua, pili ke maʻi i ka lau. Hōʻike nā wahi kukui iā lākou i ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka o Mei, a laila e pālahalaha ʻia ana ma waena o nā veins. I nā ʻano me nā hua māmā, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala kala me kahi palena melemele pāpaʻi. Ma nā hiʻohiʻona pōʻeleʻele, nā kala o nā ʻōpū he burgundy hālama me kahi palena melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. A malo lau nā lau a hāʻule i mua. Hiki i ka Rubella ke hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka ulu o nā pua, inflorescences a me ovaries. Hiki i ka meaʻono o nā hua waina ke loli no ka ʻoi loa. Inā kūpaʻa ka rubella i ka manawa hope loa, a laila ma ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka lau e kanu, hoʻoulu 2 - 3 nā pūlehu me 1.5 - 2% waiʻo Bordeaux a i ʻole he 0.5% hopena o Tsineba. ʻO ka waena ma waena o nā kaʻina 5 a 10 mau lā. Hoʻopili hou ka hoʻouka hou ʻana e like me ka kūpaʻa ʻana - 1% hopena o ka puna o Bordeaux. ʻO ka lole o ka wā kūpono a me ka mālama lepo kūpono e kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i kahi maʻi.
   

   ʻO ka lau hua pālua o Rubella
4. Leafloader. Hoʻopaʻi ka lau i ka lau o nā lau, ovaries a me nā hua. Hiki i kekahi anuhe hiki ke hoʻopau a hiki i ka 50 mau pua. Inā hōʻino nā hua waina, a laila hoʻomohala nā microorganisms i luna o lākou, e alakaʻi ana i ka pala o nā hua mua, a laila e kāwele ʻia ka pulupulu. No nā kukū, hana ʻia nā mau kaila i loko o ke ʻano o nā ipu i kau ʻia i waena o nā kumu lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 70 cm mai ka papa ʻāina. Ua ninini ʻia ka waina me ka wai 1/3 i loko o ka pahele. E kūʻē i nā hua lemi, mālama ʻia me Wofatox (2,5 - 3 g o ka mākaukau no kēlā me 1 m²) a i ʻole Methylethylthiophos (15 g no 10 l ka wai) e hoʻohana ʻia. No ka pono o ka pale ʻana, ma hope koke o ka wehe ʻana i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke ʻano paʻu kahiko kahi i hānau ai ka pupae a puhi iā ia.
   

   Hiki i nā kōpili ke hōʻeha i ka nui o ka hua

5. Nāu. ʻO kēia mau meaʻino, i hoʻoiho ʻia e ka ʻono o nā hua ono, ʻānai i ko lākou ʻili, ma muli o nā hua i hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia nā hua waina. Eia kekahi, hoʻowalewale ʻia nā hua i hoʻopau ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka pala. Nui nā ala e kū ai me ka wasps. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻohana ai i nā pesticides, nā pahuhopu kūikawā a me nā maumona paona, ka luku ʻana i nā nests. Akā inā noʻonoʻo ʻoe i nā wasps he mau mea pono maikaʻi, a laila, ʻo ke kaʻina e pale aku ai iā lākou ʻaʻole ia he mea ikaika loa. Hiki iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, nā mea kanu i nā pā waina e honi ana e like me nā wasps ʻaʻole i like me ko lākou makemake - mint, lemon balm, basil. A ma kahi o kēia, kau i nā ʻekena palekana kūikawā i hūnā ʻia mai ka tulle ma ka lūlū pono o nā hua waina.
   

   Inā hoʻokomo ʻoe i nā ʻeke kūikawā i luna o ka hua waina hiamoe, a laila hopuhopo ʻole nā ​​manu

Nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hua waina Kishmish

Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka manaʻo i nā makahiki he nui - pono wau e hoʻonui i ka helu o Luchshy Kishmish. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea i waena o ia o nā alakaʻi he ʻumi ma ke ao. ʻoi aku ka nui o ke aniani i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i nā manawa a i laila ua maʻi mau ka lā.) no laila ke aloha ka nui o ka lā i ke aloha a me ka makani me ka nele hoʻi o ka makika.

PETR

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Mai kahi kishmish ʻike wau a hoʻāʻo ʻo Kishmish i mea ulana, Kishmish 342, ʻo Rusball a me Kishmish Zaporizhia. Ke ulu nui nei nā kīloi pū me aʻu. No ka mea ke hoʻāʻo wau e ulu i nā ʻano kūpaʻa kūwaho a me ka hopena o ka hau, ʻaʻole wau e loaʻa i kahi pūʻulu kūikawā. No laila, ʻo Perlette a me ka Moe, no ko lākou ʻeha a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hau kū ʻole, ʻaʻole i papa inoa ʻia me aʻu. ʻO nā mea kīloi pūlani, ʻo ia hoʻi, he paʻa a ʻaʻole paʻakikī, no ʻelua makahiki, ʻaʻole wau e wiwo e kanu. Akā he hana nui kēia ma waena o nā sultanas, a i koʻu ʻike ʻana i kahi paio 75 (kanahikukumamālima!) Mau kenimika lōʻihi me kahi ʻula nani, ua hoʻoholo wau e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa no ia. Kishmish 342 lāua ʻo Rusball me ka hoʻohiwahiwa a ʻono loa, 1-2 mau papa o ka hua leʻa, i.e., hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole. ʻO ke Zishizhzhya kishmish ʻoi aku ka paʻa a paʻa ʻole i ka hau, akā, me ke ʻano ʻino: akā ke kauwela a pau ia i kēlā me kēia lula e kiola aku i ka inflorescence a hoʻāʻo e ulu, e hoʻohaumia iā ia iho i ka hōʻino o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. No laila, pono e kaʻa mau ʻia, wāwahi i nā hēkeke. Loaʻa iā ia ka papa o ka walaʻau kīnā ʻole - hiki ke ʻike i ke ʻano āpau (ʻoiai ma ka 2008 he mau ʻano. ʻO nā mea pōmaikaʻi, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka maikaʻi o ka māla waina, nā pā hale nui me nā palahā pua. Ua kanu wau i "nā wahine" a puni iā ​​ia (Demeter, Victoria, Gift Zaporozhye) - uaʻano maikaʻi lākou.

ʻO Vladimir Karkoshkin

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Ua ho'āʻo wau i nā kaisa he nui. ʻO ka hapa nui e like me Veles, Radiant a me ka Century. Hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kumu lāʻau. Nani maoli ke kūleʻa o veles no kā mākou mākeke: i ka wā mua o ka ʻūhū mua, nā hiʻohiʻona nani a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO nā makahiki he ʻelua i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole me ke ʻano ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻoliʻoki a ʻokiʻoki i ka inflorescence o ke kolu o ka lalo a i luna, a loaʻa ʻoe i nā ʻōpala o nā pua ʻōpala nui a he 1-1,5 kg, me nā hua manu i like pū ʻia.

ʻO Vladimir Karkoshkin

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No nā keiki, a nui nā pākeke, hoʻokuʻu ka lawena i ka lua, no laila e noi mau ʻia nā hua waina sultry. Makemake wau e hoʻolauna i nā mea āpau i kekahi o kaʻu kolamu. Piha nui loa i kēia makahiki me nā kismona ʻo Aphrodite. Ua kākau wau e pili ana iā ia. I nā kūpono kūpono a pau, e hoʻohui wau i kahi hana nui a ka ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kahi ukana e like me Aphrodite i huki ʻia e nā kāwili liʻiliʻi. Ma ka lāʻau lāʻau e pili ana iā 40 kg i ka lua o ka makahiki o ka hua ʻana.

Sergiy

//citrusforum.org.ua/viewtopic.php?t=680

Ua kanu nā makahiki ʻelua i ke kīhā o nā lālani he koiki ʻo Luchisty a me ka makahiki 342. I kēia makahiki e hōʻiliʻili ai mākou i kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma 342, akā ua ulu wale nō ʻo Luchisty i nā kauwela hope loa a he hopena ʻaʻole ala i ala i ka pūnāwai. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia me ka manaolana e hiki mai ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke kauwela, akā ʻo ka manaʻo e pono ke neʻe ʻia.

Kahuoa

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ʻO kahi palaka, loaʻa nā ʻano he nui, hiki ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma ke kanu ʻana. Eia kekahi, ua hana ka meaola i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia hua waina i makaʻu ʻole i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hāʻawi i nā hua ʻai kiʻekiʻe a na hoʻi ma nā wahi me kahi anuanu anu. Hiki ke ulu ʻia nā lālani ʻaʻole no kou papa iho, akā ke kūʻai aku nō, inā e koho ʻoe i nā ʻano hua me nā uku he nui o ka mālama a me ka halihali.