Ua kapa ʻia e Homer nā hua o ka pia i ka makana a nā akua. I kēia manawa, aia ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau ʻanoʻano o kēia hua kaulana. He nui ka koho, akā makemake nui nā mākeu waena i nā pears o ke koho Belarusian, kahi kūleʻa i nā maʻi a me ke anu. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau ʻano i ka lā ʻo Belorussian.
Nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka Belarusian hope pear
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Lā Belarusian mai ʻo N. Mikhnevich, G. Kovalenko a me M. Myalik - nā limahana o ka Belarusian Research Institute no ka ulu ʻana o ka hua. Ua ulu ia mai nā hua kanu o ke kaʻawale ʻāpala o ka French French Good Louise. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea like i nā papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Belarus (1989) a me Russia (2002).
Ua haku ʻia ʻo Late Belarusian e nā limahana o ka Belarusian Research Institute o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua
ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka lāʻau Belorussian hope, he spherical ka lei, nā lālā me nā kihi e kuhikuhi ana i luna. Ke haʻalele nei nā mea nui mai ka ʻōpala ma kahi kihi ʻākau loa.
ʻO nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi nā liʻiliʻi, elliptical, me nā kihi serrated wavy. Hōʻike nā pua keʻokeʻo nui i ka pulima. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hoʻokūkino pono ʻia, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena inā ulu nā pears ma kahi o Bere Loshitskaya a i ʻole Oily Loshitskaya e ulu - nā mea puna maikaʻi loa no Late Belorussian.
ʻAʻole kahi mamao loa mai ka māka Belorusskaya Late e kanu i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - Bere Loshitskaya a i ʻole O Loshitskaya
Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau e hoʻohua mua i ka hua, i ka makahiki 4 o ka ulu o ka ulu. Nui ka hōʻiliʻili - hiki i kahi ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ke hōʻea a hiki i ka 100 kg o ka hua, a hoʻokahi kanaka pākeke - a i ka 180 kg. ʻO nā hua o ka ʻōlapa Belorusskaya o ke ʻano nui o ka nui (110-120 g), ka laulā maʻamau ka pā pihi laulima a like me ka like like. Ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka ʻili mānoanoa makamae me nā ʻāpana brown light. I ka wā e haʻalele ai i ka kumulāʻau, peʻa ke ʻala nā pua ʻoniu me kahi kiko o ka brownish-red. Hoʻopala ʻia nā huaʻai i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, a hiki ke mālama iā lākou a hiki i Pepeluali o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana a lōʻihi hoʻi. I ka wā i hiki ai nā hua i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, e loli ka kala i ka melemele momona, kokoke i ʻoniʻula, a lilo ka integument i ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Late Belarusian hua pā o ka helehelena maʻamau a kokoke i ka like like
Aia nā kiki pōkole kūpono, penia, a me kahi pāhiʻu pōkole. Ua liʻiliʻi nā naʻau o nā hua. ʻEleʻele nā lau, liʻiliʻi loa. Pāwīpī keʻokeʻo o ka pāʻālua lahilahi, ʻono, hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonoʻu ʻono me kahi wai liʻiliʻi ua helu ʻia e nā mākaʻehā ma 4.2-4.4 mau pā o 5.
ʻAno honua Belorussian no kona kumu i hoʻolālā ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ia, no ka hoʻomākaukau o ka ʻono me nā hua maloʻo, no ka mālama.
ʻO nā kūpono kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi o nā ʻano
Loaʻa nā pono maikaʻiʻole o ka pō i Belarus Belarus:
- ʻāʻule hoʻoilo;
- kamua;
- ʻo ka hana;
- ka hopena o ka waiho ʻana o ka wā lōʻihi o nā hua.
Loaʻa i nā hemahema o nā ʻano ʻano:
- ka pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lei ākea;
- ka nui o ka hua;
- ho'ēmi i ka nui hua me ka nui o lākou;
- ka hopena o ka maʻi pā a i ʻole ka hōʻino o ka lāʻau a me ka hua i nā iniseti.
Kūkulu ka kanu
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke kanu i kahi pōpō Belarusian i ka puna mua 5-14 mau lā ma hope o ka uhi ʻana o ka kiona piha. Hoʻopau hiki ke kanu ʻia i loko o ka wā lau ma waena o ka lau o ka lau a me nā pulu mua.
Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka huaiki pīpī Belarusian i hope loa, e loiloi paha i kāu mau kūlana kūpono no kona ulu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. E hele ikaika loa ka kaʻina hana inā ma kahi o ka lāʻau e manaʻo ai e kanu.
- hū ka wai;
- maloʻo kaumaha a i ʻole kahe ʻilihū paʻu;
- liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi lā.
E makemake ana kahi paila i ka ʻalani a me nā ea, ka ʻāina maloʻo i loko o ka lewa a me ka ea. Eia kekahi, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ka lāʻau ma ka liʻiliʻi he 16 m2 (kahua uila 4x4 m).
Ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi hua kanu, e nānā pono i ka lāʻau a me kāna aʻa. Pono elastic nā lālā, pāpale ka pāpale, palupalu ka pā a ʻole me nā kakalaioa, ola pono nā lau, lawa ke aʻa.
Hoʻomoe no ka pae:
- No kahi hua hua, e ʻohi i kahi lua pae e pili ana i 1 m ka diameter a me ka hohonu o 0.8 m.
Pono nā aʻa o ka lāʻau i loko o ka lua me ka mākele me ka hua pā
- Hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo i koho ʻia mai loko o ka hana hou me nā ʻōpala he 2, ʻo ka nui o ka mullein, 30 g o nā pā potash a me 20 g o ka phosphate.
- Hoʻi ʻia ka ʻāina mākaukau i ka lua, inu ʻia ka hoki ka hoki a ka lepo.
- Mālama ʻia ka seedling i ka wai maʻemaʻe no nā liʻiliʻi he 3 mau hola ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
E hoʻomoʻa i nā aʻa me ka umu, ua mālama ʻia nā hua kanu i ka wai ma mua o ke kanu
Kūkulu hua kanu:
- Mālama ʻia ka hua kanu i ka lua a hāpana i nā aʻa a hiki iā lākou ke kūleʻa ʻole ʻia, me ka ʻaʻe ʻole ʻole a kau i luna.
ʻAʻole pono e kāleu a hoʻopuʻi kekahi i kekahi
- Ua uhi ʻia ka puka me ka lepo, e waiho ana i ka neʻa aʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5-7 cm ma luna o ka lepo.
- Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili a puni nā hua.
- E hoʻoulu ʻia ka mea kanu me 3 mau pahu o ka wai, e kali ana no ke hoʻopili piha ʻia.
E hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā me kēia hua liʻiliʻi me kahi nui o 3 mau pōkā
- Ma hope o kēia, e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia ka hua ʻōpio i ka paʻa.
- Hiki ke waiho ʻia ka palena o ka ʻōpala. A laila pono mau ʻo ia i ka weed. I mea e waiwai ai i ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke lulu i ka bluegrass, red fescue, clover ma aneʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hamch i ka ʻāina ma kahi o ka seedling me nā ʻoka lāʻau a i ʻole a i ʻole ka mea ʻili.
E hoʻomoʻi ma lalo o kahi sapling e ʻae i nā nā nāu ke ulu a mālama i ka makika
Ma hope mai, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka pōʻai o ke ʻōpala me ka mauʻu nāʻu. ʻAʻole kēia wale e pale i ka lepo mai ka hoʻomaloʻo a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo a me ka ua, a me nā aʻa mai ka wela, akā e hāʻawi pū i ka lāʻau i nā mea momona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pua ʻāpala no kahi mulch e pale aku i ka honua mai ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a lawelawe lākou e like me ka mea kanu
ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi Late Belarusian
Hoʻolālā ʻo Late Belarusian pearlly i kāna mau koi no ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui ka hānai i ka lāʻau i kahi manawa kūpono, ʻoki i ka lei a me ka mālama ʻana me nā maʻi a me nā maʻi. I ka make wai, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa i ka hebedoma, e hoʻohana ana i ka 70 lita o ka wai.
Pāpā lāʻau
He mea nui e ʻoki kūpono i ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i mea e hoʻonani ʻia ai kahi lei maikaʻi a me nā lālā koʻikoʻi. Ke kanu i ka kanu, ua ʻoki ʻia ka hua heihei no ka manawa mua, e hōʻoki ana i ka pihi kūloko nui e kahi hapaha o kona lōʻihi. Ke hoʻāʻo lākou e hana i kekahi mau lālā o ka palu ma ke kumulāʻau, no laila ʻo 3-4 wale nō o nā lau ikaika loa mai nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao i pōkole e nā ʻōpio ʻelima.
Video: kāpīpī i ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio
Ma hope aku, lawe ʻia ka pīkī pia ma ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻoiai ke ʻano nui ka ʻano o ka palala ʻana i ka lei. E ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻōpala nāwaliwali, poholo a hōʻino ʻia, nā maʻi maʻi, a me nā mea e pili ana i kekahi a i ʻole ka nānā ʻole i nā mea'ē aʻe.
Mea hoʻolaʻa i nā ʻars
ʻO ka 2-3 mau makahiki mua o Belarus eʻai i ka hānai, ʻaʻole ia e koi i kahi lāʻau i lawa o nā mea kanu i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka wā kanu. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hana mau ʻia ka ʻaʻa pakiaka:
- I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā o ka ulu mau ʻana o ka lāʻau, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pōpoki o ke kaʻa me ka hopena o ka nitrate 1:50 (no kēlā me kēia 1 m2 lepo 30 g) a me kahi hopena o nā urea (90-110 g no 5 lita o ka wai).
- Ke pau ka pua ʻana, 3 mau ʻāpana o ka hopena nitroammophoska e ninini ʻia ma lalo o kahi pōʻai i ke kaona o 1: 200.
- Kūpono ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa no kēlā me kēia 1 m2 ka ʻōpala ʻana i ka ʻōpala ma nā wai he 1 kulu. la l Kāpī pākūkū me 2 tbsp. la l superphospate. 1 m i ka lepo2 i kahi hohonu o 0.1 m e kokoke ana i ka 120-160 g o ka lehu lāʻau.
- Inā pono, e mālama ʻia ke kapa lūlū pōkole o ke kauwela i ka lua o ka mahina o Iune. Hana ʻia ka lāʻau me ka hopena o ka paʻakai a me nā paʻakai phosphorus. Hiki iā ia ke ammophos a me nitroammophos, 2% magnesium sulfate. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mākaukau e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka luna.
Pau ka lāʻau
ʻOiai lohi ka Belorussian i ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi i ka hoʻoilo, pono nō e hoʻomākaukau no ia i ka hoʻoilo.
Ola ola ʻo Late Belarusian i nā makana, akā pono e koi ʻia nā hua ʻōpio
I mea e pale ai i ka ʻōpala lāʻau, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pepa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula. Hiki i kahi pākēpē kūikawā ke pale aku i ka pale mai nā wela wela.
E pale aku i kahi kaʻi kūikawā i ka lāʻau i ke kauwela - mai ka wela, i ka hoʻoilo - mai ke anuanu
Hiki i kahi papa o nā ʻōpio lāʻau ke mālama i kahi palekana maikaʻi o nā aʻa o luna mai ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā ʻenemi a me nā maʻi o ka lā Belarussian i hala
ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hōʻike nui ʻia o ka ʻano Belorusskaya i hala, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana e pale i ka maʻi scab. Me kēia maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma nā lau o ka lāʻau a me nā hua. No ke kōkua ʻana i ka lāʻau i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi mai, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻomi i ʻekolu mau manawa i ka wā e ulu ana me ka wai o Bordeaux:
- ma mua o ke kau ʻana, 3% hoʻonā;
- nā pua a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana - 1% hoʻonā.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā meakanu manuahi e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
Me nā scab, loaʻa nā palaʻai i nā lau o nā kumulāʻau a me nā hua
ʻO kēia mea e pale aku nei ʻaʻole e pale i ka lāʻau mai ka pala a ka pale, akā ke pale aku i kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe - moniliosis, a ʻoki pala paha.
Hoʻokele ke Moniliosis i ka Inedible Pear
ʻO ka maʻi pīpī hāpono he mea pale i ka bakera. Hoʻopilikia nui kahi maʻi ma nā pua a lalahalaha loa. I kekahi lā wale nō, lilo a lauʻeleʻele nā lau a me nā ovaries, me he mea lā i puhi ʻia e ke ahi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, ua ʻokiʻoki a ʻoki nā lālā āpau a pau a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maʻi mai ka māla. Hana ʻia ka lāʻau me kahi lāʻau maʻi (Streptomycin ka hopena maikaʻi loa), a laila, i kēlā me kēia 10 lā, e mālama ʻia ka pā me ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoikaika ai i kona ʻalopili: he 4 mau kihi o Citovit a me Zircon e hoʻopau i 1 lita wai, ʻelua hoʻohui mau lāʻau.
Hoʻopuka koke kahi ʻōniʻi i nā lei lei, no laila he mea nui loa ka manawa a me ka hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka hōʻailona o kahi puhi baki - kūwulu, lau maloʻo
Hiki i kahi poʻipo poʻo pipi maikaʻi e hōʻeha nui i kahi mea kanu pā.
Hiki i ka Butterfly hawthorn hiki ke hoʻēmi i nā hua pā
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kōnika mai nā hua o ka hawthorn ʻai pua, nā lau, nā ʻōpū. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohiki lākou a kau ma luna o kahi lāʻau. Hoʻopake i kēia mau pōpilikia, ʻohi ʻia nā popo a hoʻomoʻa ʻia, a ma ka wā ma ka puna wai i mālama ʻia ka lāʻau me ka wai huʻihuʻi ʻemima (0.7 kg o ka lāʻau i hoʻopau ʻia ma 10 l o ka wai).
Mālama ka honu ʻo Hawthorn i nā lau a me nā pua
ʻO ka heluna nui o nā kumala ma kahi lāʻau e hōʻino ʻia e nā anuʻu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia mai nā hua hua i kau ʻia e ka pipi pipi. E waiho ana ia i kahi hua o ka hua ma luna o ka hua, a me kāna mau "keiki" hānai i ka pā a hele i nā hua ʻai a lākou i hānai ai. Pupae o kēia mau anuʻu kulu ma lalo o kahi kumulā i ka lepo. No ka wehe ʻana i kēia hōʻeha, ma hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka pua ʻana, i ka wā o nā ʻalā hou pōkole ʻoi aʻe ka manawa e waiho i nā hua manu, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau me kahi pepeke. Hāʻawi ʻo Fitoverm i kahi hopena maikaʻi.
Kālua nā mea kanu pia i nā hua a hele i nā hua
ʻO ka 'āpana iʻa bee eater (ʻo ka pua manu weevil liʻiliʻi) e hānai i nā ʻili a waiho i ka hua i loko o nā pua puaʻa i hoʻomāhaʻaka ʻia, a me ka hua manu, hatching, ʻai i kā lākou mai loko. I ka hakakā ʻana i kēia pest, ua kōkua kekahi hāmeʻa hopu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lulu aku i nā pōpoki a hōʻiliʻili lima ma ka lima inā ʻo lākou i liʻiliʻi loa i ka manawa i ka wā anuanu. Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau me nā insecticides i ka wā ʻōpala nā pua.
ʻAa nā pala o Apple Blossom i nā pua pua mai loko
Hiki ke luku loa ʻia nā ʻalāʻau o kahi hua manu. Mālama nā ʻekemi wahine i ʻehiku mau hua haneli ma ka haʻahaʻa o ka lau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kōmona lāʻau me kahi pūnaewele a ʻai i nā lau.
ʻAiʻai nā pala pala i nā lau nui i nā lau nui
Me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kukuna, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili a ʻahuʻahu ʻia. Inā he nui o lākou, e pono ka mālama ʻia o ka lāʻau me kahi mea inika.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kolana ʻāpana aphid i nā lau a me nā kihi o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Pālima ka mea ʻai i kā lākou wai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i nā aphids ma o ke kaomi ʻana i ka lāʻau me ke ʻano o Fitoverm a me 1 tbsp. la l wai e hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻona i 1 lita o ka wai. Inā ʻōpiopio ka liʻiliʻi a lāʻau, hiki ke kulu i nā ʻōpio i kēia hopena a holoi i nā pōpoki.
ʻAi nā palu i ka lau a pana i ka wai wai
He mea nui loa ia:
- ma ka liʻiliʻi he mahina ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e pani i ka hoʻōki ʻana o ka lāʻau me nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia;
- i ka wā e hana pū ai me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo palekana.
Ka helu o ke kaulana
No nā makahiki he nui o kona noho ʻana, ua ʻike nui ʻia ka pōʻai kelila Belarusian. Hāpai ka nui o nā māla iā ia, kahi pālahalaha nui o nā mea hoʻohana i nā ʻano maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano. Ma ke mākeke hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā ʻano Belorusskaya ma mua, ke kauwela Belorussian, a pēlā aku. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ia mau inoa i nā pears e nā aniani me kahi inoa kaulana, akā ʻaʻole kūpono kēia.
Hōʻike ʻikepili o Belarusian Late Pear
E lawe i kaʻu mau ʻōlelo aʻo "Belarussian Late". Aia iaʻu i 2 mau lāʻau o lākou, ua ili mai kekahi iaʻu me ka pākuhi, ʻo ka lua aʻu i ʻike pono ai iaʻu iho. Aia ka nui o ka hua pā, e hua nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka koke ka lāʻau i ka hua. Koho koke ʻia ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Akā inā moe lākou i ka maka a mai ka mahina o ʻOkakopa he kikoʻai ʻono loa ia, ʻona momona, hoʻokahi ka ʻihi, ke waiho ʻia, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻāʻo mākou e ʻai iā lākou ma mua o ka makahiki Hou. ʻAʻole ʻoe e mihi iā ia, a maikaʻi ʻia ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe a nani loa.
4aika
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Kākoʻo wau i nā ʻōlelo āpau o mua e pili ana i ke kumu o nā pears. Belarusian i hope - ʻo ia ka "workhorse" - hua hou, ʻike ʻole, ʻike ʻia nā pears. ʻAʻole kohu ka ʻono, akā, me ka momona pono, i ka wā ua ʻinohū nui (i ka wā i hoʻomoʻa ʻia) - ʻaila ka ʻiʻo, ʻono loa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, inā hana ia, ʻoluʻolu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. A eia kekahi pono - haʻahaʻa ka lāʻau.
Lilacina
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Ma ka pūnaewele hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i nā leka he nui a me nā memo e wehewehe ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o nā ʻano pear Belarus late loa. Akā i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ka mea kanu o kēia pā, pono ka manaʻo i kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana me ka hua like ʻole a me nā pilikia e kū mai i ka wā e ulu ana i kēia lāʻau.
