He lole ʻaole ʻo Gladiolus ma nā māla āpau. Aia kahi pālahalaha ākea o kēia pua. ʻO kona ʻāina ʻāina a me ʻAsia. Mai Lūkini, ua unuhi ka inoa ʻo "kahi pahi kaua liʻiliʻi." Kūkākūkā ka mea ma lalo nei i nā maʻi nui o ka gladioli a pehea e hana ai iā lākou.
ʻO ka wehewehe kikoʻī o ka mea kanu
No ka ʻohana Iris ʻo Gladiolus. ʻO ka mea kanu ke koi mau. ʻO nā lau ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, koi ma nāʻaoʻao. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi mai 40 a 80 cm. ʻO kahi kikoʻī he ʻano pepeke kahi. Hiki i ka mea kanu ke lōʻihi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i hoʻokahi mika. I ka ʻaoʻao ma luna, a laila he 40 mau puʻu e ʻohi ʻia ai, he mau ʻokoʻa like 5 a 15 cm he mau ʻano kākana lākou, a he ʻāruʻi ʻia kā lākou mau pua. Hiki i nā kala o nā pua ke lilo i mau ʻokoʻa: keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā maʻi he gladioli?
Nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi pua
Aia nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka gladioli. I mea e hoʻokō pono ai iā lākou, he mea pono ia, ʻo ka mea mua, ke ʻimi i ke kumu, ma ke kumu o nā maʻi. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea kanu ke ola ʻole, no laila ke maʻalahi ka gladioli i nā pōpō a me nā maʻi.
Nā lau ʻeleʻele
Manaʻo nā nui o ka māla i ke kumu he ʻōleʻele ka lau o ka gladiolus. ʻO ke kumu no nā maʻi like ʻole. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻokūkū nui, no laila e hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻomaloʻo a maloʻo.
Pūwāwaʻa
ʻO kekahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana he maʻi maʻi ko ke hoʻololi ʻana o ke kumulāʻau. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau maʻi i nā maʻi e like me ka jaundice, mosaic, ringting spotting.
ʻŪkaʻi
ʻO ka heleʻana o nā wahi i nā lau o nā mea kanu e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi maʻi. Pilikia kēia mau maʻi no ka mea pīhaʻi i nā lāʻau olakino.
Kāhea ma nā aʻa
Hiki mai i ka nahele ma nā aʻa. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia, e kōkua nā wahi palapala ma nā lau. Hiki paha i nā ʻōleʻa kala.
Nui! ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kēia maʻi ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo i ka maʻi o ka mea kanu: ʻo ka ulu palupalu, ka puka ʻana mai o nā wahi ʻula ma ke kumu, nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i nā ʻōpala i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ka nalowale o ke ʻano a me nā pua puʻu, nā mea ulu ma ka ʻōnaehana.
Pehea e kū ai i nā maʻi paʻakikī
Aia ka 30 he mau maʻi mai nā kolo nā pua, maloʻo a make.
Hiki i nā maʻi ke ʻano o ka maʻi bacterial a viral paha. E wehewehe i kēia mea no ke kumu ka huli ʻana o nā lau i ka gladioli a me nā mea e hana.
Nā maʻi maʻi
ʻO ke kumu kumu e huli ai ka lau i ka melemele i ka gladioli, me ke ʻano hoʻi o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka make o ka mea kanu me nā maʻi maʻi.
Hoʻokomo pūpū
Inā hoʻohuli ke lau a maloʻo ka gladiolus, a laila hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia me nā ʻalapona maʻi. He pipili kēia maʻi. Kakau ʻia e nā maʻi o ka lepo. Nā kumu o ka maʻi:
- hoʻonui nui aʻe a lawa ʻole ka nui o ka lepo;
- papa ʻaina wai nui;
- ʻaina mau ka ʻāina.
Nā hōʻailona:
- helehelena nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma nā lāpili a ma ka wahi kokoke i nā aʻa, a me nā ʻūhā a me nā pakaua, kahi i hala;
- kua ʻele a lau nā lau.
Inā huli ke kukui i ke aniani, pehea e hana ai:
- acidify alkaline lepo;
- inā hele kokoke mai ka wai i lalo o ka honua a i ʻole ka mākaukau nui paha, e koi ʻia nā kaila;
- Pono e luku ʻia nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka hopena i pau ʻole.
He aha ke ʻano o ka pīpī bacterial?
Pākaʻi
Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi nā mopala lepo. 90% nā mea make e make ai kēia maʻi. Hiki i nā huaʻai ke noho i loko o ka lepo a hiki i ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pathogen me ka hoʻohālikelike nui ʻana me ka nitrogen a me nā fertilizers organik, nui i ka aridity a i ʻole kapaū. ʻO kēia maʻi ke kumu e ulu ai ka gladioli i nā pihi a hāʻule.
Nui! ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi mea kanu, pono e luku ʻia. Hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu hou ma kahi e loaʻa ai, ʻaʻole ma mua o ka 5-8 mau makahiki.
Botritiosis
Hiki i ka hua me ka wai a me ka wai paha. Hiki i ka mea kanu ke lilo i ʻelua ma ka wā ulu a i ka wā mālama. Hoʻohana pinepine ia i ke anuanu a me ka manawa anuanu. Loaʻa nā wahi āpau o ka gladiolus. Hōʻike nā wahi ʻalaʻula liʻiliʻi ma nā lau. Ua hala nā pua, a ʻikea nā nānā ma kā lākou holoholona. Pono e hōʻoki ʻia nā mea kanu. E hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā ʻōpala ma mua o ka waiho ʻana. Ma mua o ka haʻalele iā lākou no ka hoʻoilo, pono ia e hoʻomaloʻo, a disinfect ma mua o ke kanu.
Septoria
Moku hou ʻia ia e nā popo lepo a maʻi ʻole. ʻIke ʻia kona helehelena ma nā lepo maikaʻi a me nā kaumaha me ke koikoi nui. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ʻeha i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka lāʻau ʻo Septoria e hoʻopilikia ai
Nā Hoʻomaka
- ke ʻano o nā wahi ʻulaʻula ulaula ma nā lau;
- pohō nā wahi wai pōkole ma luna o nā kōpō, e huli ana i ka pala ʻeleʻele.
Ke pale i kēia maʻi, pono ia e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā lepo. Inā ʻaʻole poino ka poino, a laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou me kahi pahi a hoʻolapalapa i ka wahi i ʻoki ʻia me ka peʻala ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Sclerotinia
Pākuʻi ʻia ka maʻi i ka wā e ulu ana. Hiki i nā huaʻai ke noho i ka lepo no kahi o 15-20 mau makahiki. Aia ia i ka lepo me ka nui o ka wai, nui humus, a inā i ulu nā pua i nā wahi ʻōpala a pōʻele. Hiki i kekahi mea kanu ke ʻeha ma o ka lepo i haumia. ʻIke ʻia nā wahiʻeleʻele ma nā lau, a laila huli ke pala, huli i ke kala a me nā ʻōpala. He aha ka mea e ulu palaka ʻōpala ka gladioli a loaʻa i kahi maʻi:
- ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka acidity lepo;
- ka nānā aka ʻana i nā ʻōpala no ka mālama;
- luku ʻana i nā mea maʻi.
ʻO ka mea kanu Sclerotiniosis
He kanesa maʻiʻa lolo
ʻO kahi maʻi kīpē. Noho mau ka spore o ka papa i ka lepo no ka mau makahiki ʻelua. Hele nō ia no ka hōʻino ʻana i nā pulu i ka wā e mālama ai a kanu ʻia, hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻāʻī a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka wā e mālama ai i ka mea kanu. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka maʻi ka mea o ke ʻano o nā ulu like ʻole, he ʻano like a me ka nui. Ma mua o ka mālama ʻana, pono e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā ʻōpala. Hoʻoikaika ʻia, pālahalaha nui me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā maloʻo kahi e waiho ʻia.
Nui! Pono e ʻili ʻia nā mea kanu ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. Pono e mālama ʻia nā lepo pāpaʻi me nā fungicides. Hiki ke kanuʻia o Gladioli ma ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o 2-3 mau makahiki ma hope.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi o ka māla gladioli
ʻO nā maʻi hoʻi e hoʻomohala i loko o nā ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu e pua ʻole ai ka gladioli.
Mosaic, jaundice, spotting
ʻO kēia mau maʻi ka maʻi ma ka kūlohelohe. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻailona like, a hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka lāʻau mai iā lākou me ke ʻano like. Ma muli o kahi hopena o ka maʻi ʻōpiopio, ʻike ʻia nā pehu, nā aniani a me nā kiʻi i nā pua a me nā lau. Ua lilo ka mea kanu, a ua loli kona mau ʻāpana. Hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana i nā maʻi viral e pili ana i ka pōʻino i nā mea hihiu, ʻo ia nā mea lawe. No laila, ʻo ka mea mua, pono e kaua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā kī kīʻai a me nā kumu hoʻomalu
He nui nā pōpilikia o gladiolus e alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o nā mea kanu.
Naji ʻila
Hiki ke pā i nā mea ʻoki ma ka lepo. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻāpana kanu. Ma laila lākou i komo i nā pae kala i hoʻopau ʻia. Lawe ka wahine i nā hua he nui e hānai ai i ka wai wai āpau mai ka umauma. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, e huli ka pua, a laila make a make. Hoʻomaka ka aʻa pono ʻole.
Hoʻopau nā pua pua. Ma nā wahi kahi i ulu ai nā pua maʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kekahi mea i ʻelima mau makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā mea kanu me nā karbofos a hoʻoinu ʻia me ka celtan.
Medvedka
He bear ka hine a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a hiki i 3 cm. Noho paha i ka papa a e ʻai i nā aʻa o ka mea kanu. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine mai nā ʻano parasite, e hiki ke kanu i ka pō. Kuhi ʻia ka pōʻai i loko o nā ʻele a me ka nāu, aia kahi mea nui ka nui o ka humus. ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i ke aniani hiki ke ʻae me ka ʻoka ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. I loko o ka mink o ka pūpū, pono ia i pānaʻi me ka dichlorvos, a me kalbofos ma ka lepo.
Wireworm
Kēlē pōpō kēia pōpō piula. Ulu ia a lōʻihi a hiki i 2 cm.ʻola ka aniani i ka umauma a hana i kahi neʻe i loko. Me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hakakā ka wireworm i ka hapa waena o nā pua, mai kahi o ka mea make. ʻO ka wireworm maʻamau kahi i loaʻa ai nā māla palaoa.
Nui! ʻAʻole hiki ke kanu i nā Gladioli i kahi e ulu ai nā strawberry, ʻoiai ua noho nā wireworm i ko lākou aʻa.
Pono e mālama pono ka pūnaewele, e kinai i nā nāʻu. Ma kahi o nā pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā mea ʻala, ʻili a i ole kāloti hoʻi e huki ai i ka pest. Hoʻomoʻa ka kāpili metaphos i ka lepo.
Nā Hui Pūnaewele
ʻO kahi scoop i kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi me nā ʻēheu hina a ʻulaʻula paha. Hōʻike ʻia nā Holes ma nā lau o ka mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻAi nā pepeke i nā lau, hua a ʻōpī paha. Hana ʻia ka mea kanu me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā infusions o nā mea kanu.
Kūpono
ʻAi nā ʻano momona i nā ʻano o gladioli. ʻO ka nui o lākou ka liʻiliʻi me ka 1,5 mm. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ka hoʻoilo ma Parasites i nā pae pālima. Hoʻopau nā wahine i nā hua kū ʻole. Ke waiho nei kā nā popo a me kā lākou ʻōpio i nā ʻāpanaʻeleʻele.
Ma mua o ka hiki e hoʻopiha i nā gladioli mai nā kīlī:
- e hoʻōla i ke kupapaʻu i nā aʻa ma hope o ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana;
- i ka wā mālama, ua uhi ʻia ka pulu me nā lau.
Palapala a me nā Kiki
Noho lākou i nā wahi i haki ʻia mai ka nāhelehele. ʻAi lākou i nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu, waiho nā lua. Pehea e kaua ai:
- nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻūlū;
- Weed weed weed;
- maemae ma ka lima.
ʻO nā pale a me nā mālama
Hoʻopaʻa ʻo Gladioli i nā ʻano pōpilikia a me nā maʻi. ʻAʻole i hōʻeha ka mea kanu, pono nā mea pale a me ka mālama pono.
Kūleʻa
Mālama ʻia nā pōpō ma 6 ° C. Ma mua o ka lele ʻana, e lawe ʻia ana lākou i kahi o ke keʻena ma kahi o 15 ° C. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea kanu i ka wā i hōʻoluʻolu ai ka lepo ma mua o 10 ° C. No ka ulu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolālāʻana, pono ka pua i kahi regimen mahana i ka pae o 15-25 ° C.
Mālamalama
No ka kanuʻana, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi mālamalama maikaʻi. ʻO kahi ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ma nā kūkulu ʻākau e hiki ke lohi i ka ulu pua. Ma nā wahi hema, e ʻoluʻolu ʻia ka pale ʻakaʻu.
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai
I ka manawa o ka maloʻo, e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka mea kanu i kēlā me kēia hebedoma a i ʻole 10 mau lā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu superficially. Pono ʻia kahi pahu 1 m². Pono ka lepo e hohonu i kahi hohonu o 30-35 cm.
Uwapo
I mea e kūleʻa ai nā pua i ka mea kanu e leʻaleʻa me ka pua nani, pono ia e pipiʻi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻo ka boric acid (1.5 g), keleawe keleawe (2 g), zinc sulfate (1 g), ka wai (10 l), wai kaila (15 ml) ua hui ʻia.
Nui! Hoʻopili ʻia ka pipiʻi ʻana i ke ahiahi. Pono e kahe ka wai i ka mea kanu āpau.
Hoomaka
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kūpono no ka ulu o gladioli e pili ana i 70%.
Polio
ʻAʻole koi nui ʻo Gladioli i ka lepo, no laila e hana kekahi. Ma ka maʻa ka mālamalama, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai, a ma aneʻa kahi kaumaha, pono ʻole ka loosening.
ʻOi aku ka lole
Inā momona ka lepo a kanu i ka humus i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a laila e hiki ke holoi ʻia ka lole luna. Inā he hemo ka lepo, a laila ma Iune, ua hoʻohui a nui aʻe ka hauāia a me ka potoma, i Iulai - nitrogen, potasi a me ka fosfor, ma ʻAukake - potasi a me ka fosfor.
Mai nā maʻi lehulehu a me nā pōpoki, hiki i ka gladioli ke make. No laila, he mea nui ka mālama pono no lākou a me ka nānā mau pinepine. Inā paha e ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā luhi liʻiliʻi, pono koke ke kālepa i nā hana hoʻopakele, inā ʻaʻole ia e hana ma hope e hoʻopakele i ka pua.
