I waena o nā maʻi ʻeha e hoʻopili ana i nā hua ʻai mea kanu, ʻo ka mea nui loa o ka ʻulaʻawa ʻo ka ʻūhū ma loko o ka ʻuala, ka ʻaka, a me nā mea kanu. Ma kēia e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā hua kanu. No nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike e ulu ana i nā kō waiʻai, ua aʻo wau e kū i kēia hōʻeha. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau loa i ka pathogen, ke kōkua ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi e nānā. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōpilikia, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā huaʻai inā hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻūhā hope
ʻO ka maʻi i hoʻoneʻī ʻia kahi maʻi Putrefactive i kumu ʻia e nā microellism micellar i kapa ʻia ʻo Phytophthora. Hiki i nā huaʻai ke hoʻopōʻū i nā mea kanu. Kūleʻa i ka honua, hoʻomau lākou ma laila no nā makahiki he nui. Ke kali nei lākou i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
He aha nā mea ʻalaʻawa i ka ulaula.
- Hōʻike nā wahi waiʻeleʻele i nā lau, ulu lākou, lilo i ʻulaʻula. ʻIke ʻia kahi uhi pale ma nā lau ma lalo - ʻo ia nā ʻeke. I kahi e ulu nei nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Hoʻomaʻa ka ʻūpī i nā kiko o ka lāʻau. Hiki i nāʻeleʻele keʻeleʻele piha, maloʻo ma ka vine.
- Kūpono nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina i nā puna, lilo nā ʻuala, me nā mea liʻiliʻi. I ka wā mālama, hoʻonui ka nui i lilo, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, palalulu. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻiʻo pala i ke ʻoki ʻia, ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole. I ka wā lōʻihi, e lilo i ʻōwili.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hakakā i ka hanu i ka wā e kū mua ʻia ai nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, e make ka hua holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka hale hale a me ka puʻu i mua o ka pūnāwai. Me kahi luku nui, e kōkua nā fungicides e hoʻopakele i ka mea liʻiliʻi i kekahi mea, e ʻōlelo hou aku au no lākou.
Nā kumu kumu, ka hōʻailona o ka hōʻino o ka make o ka pā o ka mea kanu
ʻO ka mea mua, he huaʻōlelo liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka pālahalaha o nā spora. Hoʻopili lākou i ka makani:
- nā huaiho;
- nā kānaka ma nā lole, nā kāmaʻa;
- mōkai;
- manu
- pepona, nā pepekini ʻo Colorado like ʻole, nā pōpō pulu.
Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kēia maʻi i ka ʻāina.
- i ka wā kanu e kanu ai i ka hua o ka hua, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka pōpilikia i luna o ka tubers;
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia, nā mea lawe;
- inā e hana ʻoe i ka compost mai nā papa maʻi palu;
- me ka manure;
- ka wai e inu ai i ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai nā puka wai i wehe ʻia, nā pā. i ka manawa e kū mai ai nā kūlana maikaʻi: hiolo ke kō, hoʻomaka ke ua.
Me ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike o ka pō a me ke ao anuanu, ua ʻā ʻo mycelia a hoʻomaka e kūkulu. Kahi, mea kanu i nā mea kanu kokoke. ʻO ka wahine hoʻokahi wale nō, nānā aʻahe ʻia hoʻi he pōʻino. Ma ke ala, inā pili ka meli ma ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i loaʻa ka nānā ʻana i nā hua āpau a i nā hua ʻai paha, pono wikiwiki ʻoe e kāohi i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻuala, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou e pale i ka lohi loa.
Ma ke ala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻeli i nā pā i hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o ka papa hana, inā he mau lāʻau hoʻokahi. Mai nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua a wehe ʻia ma kahi kūʻokoʻa mai ke koena o nā kaala. Hoʻohana ma ka mua.
Holo aku ka maʻi ma ka mea kanu mai lalo a luna, nā papa lau mua i kū kokoke i ka lepo, a laila ka ʻala, luna. Pau nā ʻili, maloʻo, waiho ʻia, ʻōpala a palupalu.
No ke aha e pilikia ai ka phytophthora no nā pateta a me nā kānaka
ʻAʻole wau i pīhoihoi i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka mea ma o ke kala ʻana, a hiki i 25% o ka hua a make i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka ua nui, nā makahiki maloʻo, hānai nā māla i ka nui o nā mea hou. ʻO ka Phytophthora, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, e hoʻolalelale loa ia, e hoʻohuli ʻia i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, e komo ana i ka honua, ka wai. Noho mau nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka ʻāina, ʻo ka compost ma lalo o 4 mau makahiki.
E pale aku i nā kiʻi o nā pōʻino putrefactive, ulu nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka wahi i ka puka ala i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kemana i hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi mau mea mahiʻai e hoʻohemo i nā hua aʻa i hōʻili ʻia i loko o ka ʻi. ʻAʻole maluhia e ʻai i kēlā ʻuala.
Hoʻolālā kākoti no ka pōkole
ʻIke wau i ka ʻike pilikino ʻo ka maikaʻi loa nā kāohi mālama. ʻO nā hana nui e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka maʻi puhī i ka wā i hala.
- I ka hopena o ka hopena he lohi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau wau i nā pōpō a pau, nā kekā, nā ʻumi, nā mea hana ʻē aʻe me kahi hopena o ka furatsilina a i ʻole potassium permanganate.
- I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hua, ua kū mākou i ka lā no kekahi mau lā. ʻO ka pipi ʻalani, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili, he make, nā maʻi like ʻole e maʻi maʻi. Ke kanu nei, ua hoʻolei nā hoalauna i kahi ʻupena o kahi kāwili lāʻau o ka lehu a me Phytosporin i loko o ka lua i kahi mahele o 4: 1. Hoʻomaopopo nā Agronomists e hoʻokō i nā hana lapaʻau: kū i nā kūpapa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ka hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i 30 mau minuke.
- Inā hele mai ka wai i loko o nā hoalauna a i ʻole paha i ka pō ʻōlima home, pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono koke i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻuala, a laila e lohi loa.
- Ma kahi kahi aʻu e kanu ai i nā kōpū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kanu wau i ka loulou i kēlā me kēia pua. I ka pūnāwai, ke kanu ʻana o ka siderat, i ka wā e ʻeli ai, ua kanu ʻia i ka lepo. He ala maikaʻi kēia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻāina, me ka hoʻohui ʻana. ʻIke wau i ka wā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lūlū i ke kō, ua hoʻomāhelena nā ʻuala. Ināʻole, ʻaʻole ia, akā he puna wai me ka pala.
Nānā wau i ka maʻi maʻi varietal maʻi. Ua aʻo maoli ʻia nā ʻepekema e wehe i nā ʻano o phytophthora-pale.
Hoʻopake palekana i nā mea kanu manu no nā holoholona a me nā holoholona
Inā hele ka ʻili o ka uala, me nā leʻaleʻa liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana au i ka decoction launa, mea hoʻomākaukau mineral, a me nā mea lapaʻau. Ke ikaika ka poʻomaka, he mea nui ka kemika. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i ka hōʻailona mua o ka pāpaʻa. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mālama ʻana i nā kūlana o ke ao, ka hopena o ka mana.
ʻO nā hoʻohui waiwai ma ke kumu keleawe, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa ka punahe ʻo Bordeaux. Hoʻomoe wau i 100 g o ka keleawe keleawe ma ka wai wela, lawe mai i ka nui o ka wai i 10 l, e hoʻohui i ka ½ kīʻī o ka pala.
Aia i ka Copter chloride i loko o nā hoʻomākaukau:
- Abiga Peak, he mea ia e hoʻohui ʻia ai nā mea pili;
- Oxychom, ʻo kēia ka mole keleawe o ka okoa a me ka oxadixyl, kahi lāʻau hōʻona i maikaʻi loa ia;
- Hom - ke keleawe kūmole kala.
I ka hana me nā mea hoʻohui mineral, e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka respirator, e hoʻohana i nā kūlima. Lawe ʻia nā hana lapaʻau me ka huakaʻi o nā lā 5-7, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻēmi i ke kī ʻana i ka pō mua i ka manawa mua.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hana olakino i nā mea kanu me ka nui o nā microorganisms e ulu ana ma nā pua o nā fungi pathogen. Nui nā wahi o lākou, e papa inoa wau i nā mea aʻu e hoʻohana ai i ka hale kūloko no ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻōmato a me nā hua manu, ua hoʻoheheʻe wau i nā mea kanu mea kanu: Gliokladin, Fitosporin a Fitosporin-M, Gamair, Alirin-B. ʻO nā ʻōmole o ka honua i nā ʻano o nā fungi Trichodermin, ʻo Planriz, ʻo Rizoplan.
Pono e noi kālā i ke ahiahi, i ka wā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ai ka ua. Hoʻohana wau i nā ʻāpana maloʻo i ke kakahiaka, pipiʻi iā lākou i nā lau maloʻi a maloʻo ka hau i ka hau.
Hoʻolaha ʻia nā hana me nā huahana olihino e mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu.
Pono nā pono o nā kānaka no ka pale ʻana i nā kala i hala, hoʻonui lākou i ka pale ʻana o nā mea kanu, hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi. He pono ʻole ia e mālama i nā lāʻau i ʻino ʻia me lākou.
- Hoʻomalo maikaʻi ʻo Ash i ka lau o ka lepo. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa mai kahi wahie maleahi. ʻAʻole wau e hūnā nui i ka wā e hoʻopuehu ai au iā ia me kahi koʻo i lalo o nā kumu lāʻau. Maikaʻi ia e hoʻohana i kahi sika no ka lepo.
- Loaʻa nā huahana Whey a me ka huluhulu i nā moe o kēlā me kēia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā māla nui me lākou. Pau ka kefir, whey a iʻa waiū e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai.
- ʻŌpala pua - kahi ulu ulu e ulu ana ma luna o ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau deciduous, maloʻo, ʻāhai. ʻO ka lita o ka wai paʻū e pono ai ʻoe i ka g 100 o ka lemi. E hoʻomoʻa i ka hoʻohui no 3 mau hola, e kānana, e ninini i loko o kahi hue wai.
- Hoʻopili ʻia ka infusion bawang kāla e like me kēia: 100 g o ka slurry i ninini ʻia i ka 10 lita o ka wai, i hoʻoulu ʻia no ke ao, a laila hoʻohui ʻia 50 ml o ka huila wai. ʻO ka hake ʻana mai ia hana hoʻōla a hiki i ʻelua mau lā.
Pono e hoʻokaʻawale nā mea hoʻomākaukau lāʻau e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. ʻO ka hana hope loa o nā poʻo i hana ʻia he 3 mau wiki ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻaʻole ma mua. He nui nā ʻano, kōkua kēlā me kēia. Puka
- Ditan-M-45;
- Efal;
- Ridomil;
- Bravo
- Syngenta;
- Epin a i ʻole Epin-plus;
- Mawaena;
- Topaz
ʻAʻole kēia he papa inoa piha o nā kemika. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe mai i ka ʻāina i ka pohō koʻikoʻi.
ʻO nā ʻano pā aniani ka Phytophthora
Ma nā māla, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ulu i nā ʻano i loaʻa i ke kaena o ka maikaʻi blight.
ʻO nā ʻano hua mua i ʻoki ʻia i ka wā o ʻAukake ma mua o ka ua.
- Ke keʻokeʻo nei ka pūnāwai - me kahi kukui māmā, hoʻopuni ʻia nā kūlohelohe, 80-140 grika ka nui;
- ʻOberi ka ʻulaʻula - oval, me nā maka ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻuala he 135 g;
- ʻO Bullfinch - me nā kūhā a i ka 90 g, kūleʻa i ka wahaheʻe, kūpono no ka mālama lōʻihi;
- Desiree - me kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula, he melemele ka ʻiʻo;
- Lūkini polū - nā ʻāpana mālamalama oval o 90-135 g ka nui, ʻili kekē.
Nā helu mua:
- ʻO Snow White - kūleʻa i nā maʻi he nui, ʻeli maikaʻi ʻia
- ʻO ka moʻolelo kikoʻī - ka mālamalama me nā māpala ʻulaʻula ma nā maka, mahalo nui no ka ʻono, nā puna kūwaena waena;
- ʻO Sorcerer Ii - i hiʻohiʻona ʻia e ka huahana, nā kālena nui nui;
- Kapalakiko - me nā oval kūmela a hiki i 150 g, mahalo ʻia no ka ʻono, mālama ka maikaʻi;
- Ua kāʻalo ʻia ʻo Santa me ka ʻula māmā, nā ʻiʻo melemele.
Nā ʻāpana palena:
- Temp - oval ʻoi nui me ka ʻili māmā;
- ʻIliʻula - puni ʻia me ka ʻāʻā ʻāʻu wīwī, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- Asterix - me ka ʻulaʻulaʻula, ka ʻiʻo māmā;
- ʻUlaʻula wale ka gull, ʻōpala oval, ka ʻiʻo melemele māmā.
ʻIke ʻo ia i nā maʻi ʻōpala o mua e maʻi pinepine ʻia, no ka mea, e hāʻule ana lākou ma mua o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa i ka hopena o ke kala. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke mālama no ka manawa lōʻihi, i ka pūnāwai e hiki wawe ka mea huehue. No ka waiho ʻana no ka mālama lōʻihi, ulu mākou i nā lōlena pōkole Asterix a me Golubizna. Kohi mākou iā lākou i loko o nā ʻeke ʻē aʻe.
