ʻO ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi loa no kahi mahiʻai - Pākeʻe steppe o nā bipi

Ināʻoi kaʻoihana o ka pāʻani ka hana maʻamauʻO ka mea i makemakeʻia no ka mālamaʻana a me ka mahiʻana o ka Red Steppe, he pipi kūpono ka hana.

ʻO ka lōʻihi, kahi kokoke i 200 mau makahiki o kaʻikeʻana i ka hānauʻana a me ka hana hoʻopili pū me ka hua e hōʻoia i kēia.

ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka lāhui Red Steppe

Nāʻohana homeland - nā wahi hema o Ukraine. ʻO ka hanaʻana o kēia kuhikuhiʻana o nā bipi pipi i loaʻa i ka hapa nui ma ka laweʻana a me ka heleʻana o ka hoʻohālike i nā ukrainian sulfur me ka laweʻia mai o Angeln, Ostfryzlyandskoy, nā hanauna Wilstermarch.

Mai ka makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia XIX. ma muli o nā kaheʻana o ka lāhui kanaka,ʻo ka pua o ka bipi Kelemāniaʻulaʻula e pili ana i ka holoʻana mai ka laulā steppe ke kahakai moana ma ka'āina Kuban, Stavropol, Kalmykia, ka moku Volga, ke komohana o Siberia.

I keʻano o nā hoʻokele hoʻokele maoli maoli, aia kekahi mahele me keʻano o nā pua holoholona, ​​aʻo ka hopena o ka hua o nā pua hou a me nā pua.

Hoʻomumuʻia keʻano o ka bipi pipi ua hōʻoia maikaʻi loaʻia i ka piʻiʻana o ka paepae a me ka loaʻaʻole o ka waiwai o ka wai.

Nā Kūʻai waho

Hoʻomaopopoʻia nāʻano o kēia mau mea i kuhiʻia i ka hua.:

• kaʻaʻahu mai kaʻulaʻula-kūmaʻomaʻo i ke kalaʻulaʻulaʻula (akā naʻe he mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka'ō, poʻo, poho);
• ua nāwaliwali ka musculature;
• ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka lōʻihi 150-165 cm;
• poʻo mālamalama;
• ka umauma - e hiki i ka 70 knm, ma waena o ke ākea - 45 - 47 cm;
• laina palahalaha luna loa;
• ʻO ka mean, he mean, cup or bath;
• He momona ka'ōpū,ʻaʻole naʻe i ka'ōwili;
• ʻO keʻano a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nā lālā he pololei.

Nāʻano

He maikaʻi ka hānauʻana o nā bipi:

• ke kani mua ma ka 28 a 29 mau makahiki;
• He kiʻekiʻe ka momona;
• ke kani hoʻolālā e like me 380 mau lā;
• me kaʻai kūpono a lawa, nā keiki bipi i nā malamaʻeono a hiki i 160-170 kg o ke kaumaha ola.

Ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino ʻo ka holoholona makua e 800 - 900 kg no kahi heʻe; 450 - 550 kg no ka bipi. ʻO ka piʻiʻana no ka wā lactation he 3.5-4,000 kilokani ka waiū me ka momona o 3.5-3.7%.

Nā huahana o ka maʻamau o ka malama ʻo ka bipi me ka lā lactation o 305 mau lā mai ka 340 a 400 kg a kauʻia ma muli o ka makahiki o ka holoholona, ​​ka helu o ka piʻiʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai, a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa.

Aia kekahi me nāʻano hānai'ē aʻe o nā bipi, e like me: Jersey, Simmental, Aishir.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hana waiū maikaʻi e hikiʻole ke wehe kūpono kapaʻia nā pōhaku:

• ʻo ke ahonui;
• kūpono kūpono i ka hopena a me nā meaʻenehana;
• ke kuhihewa i nā kūlana o ka paʻa;
• i ka manawa o nā kauwela o ka makahiki,ʻaʻole wale ka mālamaʻana o nā bipi i ke kaumaha, akā, e hānai pū nō hoʻi ma kahi o saline pastures.

E nā meaʻino Hiki ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia nāʻano Breed i:

• nā hihia pinepine o ka mastitis ma nā bipi kauō ma ka wā e mīkini ana ka mīkini no ka hālāwai pinepineʻana i ka hanana likeʻole o ka pau a me nā māhele;
• nāʻeha o nā lālā ma muli o nā nawaliwali i ka wā eʻai ana i nā kula me kahi kōkua nui loa;
• nā nāwaliwali o ka hale: palekana a hoʻi i nā pilikia;
• ʻO kekahi mau kumu e pili ana i nā hemahema o kahi kaumaha iki o nā holoholona, ​​akā, hikiʻole i kekahi ke kū'ē i kēia, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu muaʻiaʻo ia e like me ka mea lawaiʻa.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike

Photo "Red Steppe" pua bipi:

Nutrition a mālama

Nā kūlana hoʻololi hou nā hanauna e pale i nā pilikia a me nā kumu kūʻai nui e pili ana i ka mālama a mālamaʻana i nā holoholona. I ke kauwela,ʻo ka meaʻai a me ka maikaʻi loa o ka meaʻai, he meaʻai.

Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi o ka ulu o ka Pasture i ke kino a me ka huahua o nā holoholona. I nā wahi me nā kauwela wela loa,ʻoiaiʻo ka mana o nā bipi o ka momona steppe e mālama maikaʻiʻia e ka wela wela, he mea maikaʻi ke hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka malu ma nā'āina.

He mea nui e pale i ka paʻiʻana ma kahi o 2-2.5 km mai ka mahiʻai o nā mahiʻai:ʻo ka uku hoʻolālā i ka kilomita o ke ākea e like me ka hanaʻia o 1 kg o ka waiū.

No ka hana maikaʻi, pono ka wai inu, maʻemaʻe a ma ka lawa pono.

ʻO kahi nani,'ālohilohi, kahi lumi maloʻo me nā kiʻi me ka mahana o 10 - 12 ° C ke koho maikaʻi loa no ka mālamaʻana i nā bipi i ka hoʻoilo.

No kēlā lā kēia lā, koe wale nā ​​lā hauʻoli me nā mahana ma lalo o -15 ° C, e hele ana e ponoʻoe i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ulaula ka holoiʻana a me ka holoiʻana i ka wai ma nā wahi i haumia.

E like me nāʻanoʻokoʻa'ē aʻe,ʻo ka pono o nā meaʻai ma nā bipi momona o ka hopena ma muli o keʻano physiological. ʻO keʻano nui, he mauʻu nā mea nui o ka hoʻoilo.

Akā, no ka maikaʻi o nā holoholona o kēia pū e pili ana i ka lako meaʻai,ʻo ka hapakolu o ka nui hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia i kahi mauʻu.

I ka wā hoʻoilo, e lilo nāʻanoʻai o nā aʻa i nā huaʻai i mea nui loa o kaʻai.

Inā hoʻomoʻiʻia nā kīʻawe i ka meaʻai nui, eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e'ōniu iā lākou.

ʻO Silage kahi kumu hoʻokahi o ka meaʻaiʻole he mea ponoʻole: hiki ke hoʻokumuʻia nā keiki bipi palupalu.

I mea e pale ai i ka hana o ka ikehu i loko o ke kino a me ka hapaʻole o ka lāʻau, e loaʻa i nā holoholona nā kumuhana - nā kī i ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o nā mea kanu'ohemela, aiʻole nā ​​complexive multivitamin. Nā mea hua nui:

• Ake hoʻoponopono nei i ka hana o ka'ōmahe, ka lāʻau pāʻani, urinary;
• D, hāʻawiʻia ka mineraliʻana o ka iwi a me ka paleʻana i nā'ōpala i nā keiki bipi;
• Eke hoʻouka nei i kahi hanana hana nui o ka lāʻau.

No ka ukuʻana i ka nele o ka sodium i nā mea kanuʻai, pono e hāʻawiʻia i nā manu i ka paʻakai.

ʻO ke kuʻiʻana a me ka hōʻole maʻi

He kūpaʻa kūpono nā kau bipi i ka hopena i nā pilikia maoli maoli, akā, i kekahi mau maʻi, e like paha, ka hanu makanie like me leukemiaka hopena a me ka lukuʻana i nā holoholona maʻi.

Ma muli o ke kumukānāwai ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana o kēia mau bipi,ʻo ka hōʻai'ēʻana i nā maʻi nui o nā bipi he mea koi ia:

• ka wāwae a me ka maʻi'ā'ī;
• emkar;
• anthrax.

Nā hana palekana e kū'ē i nāʻokiʻoki a me nā iwi'alapili e mālamaʻia ma muli o keʻano: ka helehelena o nā capsules a me nā pupuhi ma ke kua o nā holoholona, ​​ka heleʻana o nā kauka ma nā kuahiwi.

Ke kū'ē i nā pulmonary a me nā maʻi pīpī i ka maʻi, e mālamaʻia ka mālamaʻana i nā bipi ke kauwelaa me nā mea e pono ai.

Nā kūlana no ka hānauʻana

ʻO keʻano maoli, ka makemake e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana maikaʻi o kekahiʻano. ʻO nā mea hoʻoilina no ka ulaʻula wela i ka mālamaʻana i kāna mau mea kūpono kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomauʻana e hōʻike i nāʻano hoʻonui maikaʻi:

• Holstein;
• 'ākau;
• hula hula

ʻO ka pahuhopu e mālama:

• nui ka momona momona a me nā meaʻoki maikaʻi;
• ka ikaika nui a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana lōʻihi mai nā bipi Denmarkʻulaʻula;
• maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka hoa,ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka ola a hiki i ka hiki ke kūpono ke kiʻekiʻe mai golshtinok.

ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe kūpono o kaʻohana e pono e manaʻo nuiʻia he kumu kūpono no ka hana holoholona ma nā wahi me kahiʻano wela.

ʻO ka weheweheʻole i nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻaʻana,ʻaʻole ia heʻilihune a me ka nele o kaʻai ma kēia hihia. ʻO ka mālama ponoʻana i nā holoholona, ​​ko lākouʻae maikaʻi i ka hānai maikaʻiʻana, e hōʻoia ia he uku kiʻekiʻe o ka hānai i loaʻa i ka waiū a me nā hua laʻa maikaʻi.