No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua kapaʻia kekahi bipi i Rusia ma kahi kahu hānai, aʻo ka waiwai o kekahiʻohana kua'āina i hoʻoholoʻia e ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona nani.
Mai ia manawa, ua loli nui, akā ʻo ka hānaiʻana i nā bipi momona ka meaʻoi o nāʻoihana holoholona.
He mea pono loa ia eʻike i nā puaʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo, ua loaʻa nui ka hoʻolahaʻana ma ka'āina o ko mākou'āina, ma Ukraine a me Moldova.
ʻAno i ka moʻaukala
In USSR mai ka makahiki 1931 ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma ka hānaiʻana o nā pipi. Ua laweʻia ke kumukūʻai e nā poʻaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka hana maikaʻi. Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Simmentalsky hanauna a me Dutch, Swiss, nā holoholona Ostfrizian. Ua maikaʻi ka hopena.
In 1959 ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo ua loaʻa i ke kūlana o ka lāhui i kaʻawale, 53% ʻO ka pipi puaa o ko mākou'āina he pestrus.
Aia kekahi me nāʻano hānai'ē aʻe o nā bipie like me: Jersey, Simmentalskaya, Ayshirskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Kholmogorskaya, Red Steppe.
Nāʻano o Black Pestroy
Loaʻa nā lālā o ka'Āpana kaʻeleʻele a me ka motley, kēlā me kēia no kēlā me kēia holoholona, elongated, kino nui, poʻo ka liʻiliʻi me ka lōʻihi o ka helehelena lōʻihi, ua pani nā poi i pouli,ʻo ke kīʻaha he kīʻaha,ʻo ka hope o nā waiū e pili kokoke ana i kekahi ma mua aʻe o ka mua, he laumā kaʻili o ka mea a he kola, he ikaika nā wāwae.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ko mākou'āina a nui loa ka piʻiʻana o ke aniau o kekahi me kekahi, no kēia mea,ʻo ka hana hoʻohāpai i nā meaʻai holoholona e hilinaʻi ana i nā lāhui i kūpono i nā kūlohelohe.
No kēia kumu ua māheleʻia ka puaʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo i 3 mau hui: Central European, Ural, Siberian.
- In mahele waena nā'āina ʻO Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, Kostroma nā hanauna i lilo i kumu no ka hana hānau.. Uaʻikeʻia lākou e ka nui a kiʻekiʻe loa, no laila, i ka wā i helehelenaʻia ai nā holoholona Nūlani a me Swiss, ua ili mai nāʻano kūikawā kūikawā, ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO Bull hiki ke kaumaha 1000 kg, he bipi nui iki - E piʻi i ka 650 kg., ua hānauʻia nā keiki bipi nui a loaʻa ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 1000 grams. no ka lā. ʻO ka pākēkili ka nui o nā huahana mai 4 a 6,000 lita i ka wā o ka laʻau, helu helu momona: 3.5-3.7%;
- No ka hānauʻana ʻO ka hui Ural ua laweʻia ke kumu Paʻi'ōleʻele-ʻeleʻele a Tagil, Heʻeleʻele Baltic a me nā holoholona Ostfrizian. ʻO nā mea o waho o nā holoholona, uaʻoi aku ka maloʻo ma mua o keʻano o ka Europa waenakonu. Ka nui o nā'ōpala o ka makahiki a hiki i 5500 kg, akā ka momona o ka momona - a hiki i 4%;
- ʻO nāʻano Siberian ʻeleʻele a me ka motley hua i loaʻa mai nāʻanoʻeleʻele'ōleʻele a me nā lāhui. Ma muli o nā loina koʻikoʻi, heʻuʻuku nāʻelele o ka lāhui, akā huahana pela no lakou kiʻekiʻe loa - a hiki i 5000 kilomeka. no kēlā me kēia makahikia mea momona - 3.9-4%.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike
Photo "ʻO Black Motley" nā pua bipi:
Nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa
He kūlana maikaʻi maikaʻi ka lālā a maikaʻi loa i nāʻano hou.akā, aia nā hiʻohiʻona i loko o ka puke, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻuʻia:
- ʻO ke lumi no nā bipi e maloʻohe hau maikaʻi maikaʻi;
- I ka hoʻoilo,ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka mahana o ka ea ma lalo o 5 maukelē;
- Nā mālamalama maikaʻi ke kākoʻo i ka mea holoholona i loko o ka wikiwiki;
- ʻAʻole pono ka mea lepa e kaohi i ka neʻeʻana a me ke kumu e pilikia ai ka holoholona;
- ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wikiwikiʻana - he mea e pono ai no ka pane pololei.
E nānā! ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia ka papahana.
Ka hoʻomalu a me ka hānaiʻana
No ka uluʻana o ka ulu maoli, ka uluʻana a me ka uluʻana,ʻo ka mālamaʻana i nā hua kiʻekiʻe he nui wale nā kūlana paʻaakā ka papa kuhikuhi. Pono e hana i kaʻai a me ka milking i ka manawa hoʻokahi.. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻehaʻana i ke kaʻina hana e alakaʻi i ka emiʻana o nā hua waiu.
Aia kekahi'ōlelo e pili ana ka waiū o ka bipi i kona alelo,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ka waiūpaʻa e pili ana i ka pihaʻana o kā mākou bipi kau. Pono e mālama maikaʻiʻia kaʻai o ka holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo makemake ka bipi 3.5 kg. hay no 100 kg. nā mea kaupaona. No nā mea momona kiʻekiʻe e makemakeʻoe i ka hānaiʻai ma ka lihi o 2 aiʻole 3 kilo. no ka lita o ka waiū.
E nānā! ʻO ka hānaiʻana i nā'ōpala e alakaʻi aku ai i ka momonaka hopena pinepine i ka makeʻana o ka holoholona.
ʻO ʻO kaʻaila e makemakeʻia no ka huaʻana o ka waiū me ka waiwa he 150-200 grams. ka palaoa a me ka pua, mai poina e pili ana i ka lick - pono ka paʻakai, a laila e hoʻokomo i ka meaʻai ma kahi pepa iʻoki 'iaʻaʻole ia he mea maʻalahi.
Hoʻokomoʻia kaʻaila a me ka paʻakai i loko o ke kauwela. - He maikaʻi ka hopena o ka waiū. I ke kauwela, loaʻa ka bipi i nā mea a pau e pono aiʻoe mai nā mea kanu, a me nā meaʻai e pono ai.
In hola hoʻoilo ua hoʻemi ikiʻia ka waihona o nā huaʻai i kaʻai, no ka uku o kaʻoihana nā mea hānai hānai.
No ka mālama ponoʻana i ka waiū o ka hānai mau e ponoʻoleʻoe e haʻalele iā lākou. No ka'ōlohelohe maʻamau maʻamau makemake nui ka wai.
Inā loaʻaʻole ka wai wela, e hoʻoinuʻia nā holoholona i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi me ka wai hou i ke anahana o ke keʻena aiʻole e hoʻomehanaʻia paha.
ʻO nā maʻi
Hoʻokahi ma hoʻokahi o ka pule Ponoʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka bipi me kahi'ōmole kila. Pono e hana i kēia no ka mālamaʻana i nā'ōpena maʻemaʻe, e hoʻopau ai i nā mea hikiʻole. ʻO ke kūlana o ka holoholona e pili ana i ka noho o nā māiʻuʻu., pono pono keʻokiʻoki iā lākou i ka manawa. E nānā! ʻO ka manawa a me ka hoʻokō ponoʻana i nā hana ākea e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi.
ʻAi i nā bipiʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo ʻikeʻia e ka maikaʻi maoli. Heʻano koʻikoʻi kēia -ʻo nā maʻi pinepineʻole me nā maʻi palupaluʻole hiki ke mālama i ka puka waiū ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, akā,ʻaʻole e hiki ke pale i nā maʻi.
ʻO ka mālama kūpono, kaʻai maʻamau,ʻo ka pālahalaha kūpono e ho'ēmi i ka hopena o ka maʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e hoʻemi ana i ka manawa a me ka ikaika i ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka lāʻau.
Hoʻopiliʻia nā maʻi o nā bipi iʻelua mau puʻupuʻu: nā maʻiʻeha a me nā meaʻole.
- E pīpī e pili nā maʻiʻeha e hopenaʻia e nā huakō, ka bacteria, nā mea haʻalulu, a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i hanaʻia e nā paipū a me nā palapa i loko;
- E ʻaʻole hiki keʻike nā maʻi e komo pū ana nā maʻi o nā holoholona'ōpiopio, ka lāʻau make, nā maʻi o nā'ōpuni a me nā pūnaewele e like me keʻano.
ʻO ka mea weliweli no ka pipi: ka stomicitis vesicular, ka encephalopathy spongiform, ka pleuropneumonia pumehana, ke kuni wela o Rift, ka dermatitis nodular, ka maʻi, ka wāwae, a me ka maʻi waha. I keʻano o nā maʻiʻino, hoʻolahaʻia ka quarantine.
Ua laha loaʻia i waena o nā holoholona ka maʻi, ka salmonellosis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, leukemia, brucellosis, dermatofibrosis. ʻO ka lawelaweʻana o ka'āina i ka hōʻailona koko e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea maʻi, e hoʻemiʻia kēia mea i ka hopena o nā maʻi āpau a mālama i nā meaʻai o nā hua laʻa mai nā maʻi hou.
E nānā! Mai ho'āʻo eʻike iāʻoe iho ināʻaʻoleʻoe he kauā. Kūkākūkā i kekahi mea lapaʻau.
Nā mana e hoʻoihoʻia
No ka loaʻaʻana o nā bipi momona maikaʻi me ka hua waiū maikaʻi a me ka waho o waho, keʻano olakino maikaʻi o ka'ōpū,ʻo nā hua o nā holoholona me nāʻano i hoʻonohonohoʻia.
ʻO kēia mauʻano a pau o nā pipi e hoʻopuka pololeiʻia ma o ka laina makua. Inā he mau holoholona wale nō,ʻoluʻolu ke koho i ka maikaʻi.
A ma nā māla nui, mālamaʻia nā moʻolelo i ka manawa i hānau kokeʻia ai. Hoʻoponoponoʻia nā keiki bipi e ke olakino a me ka hanauna,ʻo nā holoholona olakino wale nō me nā hōʻailona o nā mākua a me nā mākua nui loa eʻaeʻia e hānai.
ʻAʻole i makemakeʻia ka uluʻana;
ʻO keʻano kaulana o ka momona o nā kauūʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo, ua kūpono lākou, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā pālahalaha nui, nā'āina mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa, nui nāʻelima o nā holoholona i hoʻololi i nā holoholona nonproductive. He hopena nui loa kēia lāhui hoʻohanohano.
