ʻO kaʻili

He aha ka lepo sodoma podzolic: nā waiwai, nāʻano, ka hana

ʻO ka lepo kekahi o nā kumu waiwai maoli. ʻAʻole kahiʻaʻahu o kona koina kolake ma luna o ka honua āpau a kauʻia ma luna o nā kumu'āina. Eia hou, i ka manawa lōʻihi,ʻikeʻia i ka palapili, ka makani, ka ua, a me ka hoʻopihaʻia me nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻanoʻole. No laila, he mea nui i kaʻikeʻana i nā mea waiwai o ka lepo e pono ai ke hoʻohana pono i kāna mau kumuwaiwai. Eʻike kākou i kahi o nāʻano lepo - sod-podzolic.

He aha ka lepo sodoma podzolic

ʻO kēia mau lepo kekahi o nā māhele o kahi lepo podzolic i loaʻa pinepineʻia ma ka nahele coniferous a me ka nahele'ākau. ʻO nā'ōmole Sod-podzolic ka lepo momona o nāʻano podzolic a loaʻa 3-7% o humus. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ululāʻau o ke Kaiwaena Siberia Komohana a me kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Pāpaina Pākihā Komohana.

Keʻike neiʻoe? Chernozem - ka papa momona momona, waiwai nui i nā meaʻai. ʻO kēia ka'āina maikaʻi loa no ka uluʻana i ka hapa nui o nā hua a me nā huaʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu i ka wā o ke Kaua Honuaʻelua, ua hoʻopau nā mea kaua o German i ka pale o ka lepoʻeleʻele mai ka'āinaʻo Ukraine a hiki i Kelemānia.
Ma Russia, uaʻikeʻia nā'āina likeʻole ma kahi o 15% o ka'āina, aia ma Ukraine kahi 10% o lākou, ma Belarus - kokoke i 50%. Ua ulu lākou ma ke kaʻina o ka podzolization a me ka puʻupuʻu o nāʻano likeʻole i nā wahi me ka hohonu o ka wai.

He nui nā kumu kūʻai o ia mau'āina:

  • paila-podzolic;
  • ka sodoma-podzolic me kahi ākea podzolic keʻokeʻo;
  • ka sod-podzolic me kahi'ōpili i hoʻomālamalamaʻia e ka lewa;
  • kū i ka sod-podzolic.
ʻO keʻano'ōmole podzolic

E hoʻopili iāʻoe iho me nāʻano kumu o ka lepo a me kona hanaʻana, a me nāʻano lepo a me nāʻano.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hanaʻana o kēia mau lepo

E like me ka manaʻo o Williams, hanaʻia ka hana podzolic ma ka pilina o kekahi hui o nā mea waikawa a me nā mea kanu ulu, a me ka hana houʻana o kekahi hapa o nā mineral. ʻO nā hopena hopena o nā hopena e hoʻomau i keʻano o nā pūhui-mineral.

ʻO nāʻano o Sod-Podzolic ka hopena o kaʻikeʻana i loko o ka biocenosis o ka nahele i kūpono kūpono no ka uluʻana i nā mea kanu e ulu nei i nā ululāʻau. Ma kēiaʻano, ua lilo ka lepo podzolic i sod-podzolic a ke nānā houʻia heʻanoʻano'āina likeʻole a heʻano podzolic paha.

Hōʻike nā kaumāna hou i ka pukaʻana o kēiaʻano lepo ma muli o ke kauʻana o ka ululāʻau ululāʻau ma keʻano o nā māla me nā mea kanu'ōmaʻomaʻo e hanaʻia he nui o nā mea'enela a me nā pūpū. ʻO kēia mau mea, me ka wai, e holoi i nā mea kelemele mai ka papa lepo, a neʻe lākou i lalo i lalo o ka lepo e kūkulu i kahi ākea ma laila. I kēia kūʻana, e ulu ana ke koena o silica, no ka mea, he mea nui ka lepo.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka mahiʻana i ka lepo a me ka'ōpala.

Keʻano'ōmole Sod-podzolicʻO ka hana o kēia kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā kumu he nui: ka lepo, ka meaʻenekini, kaʻano o nā mea ulu.

He mea nui! ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ka lepo sodoku podzolic he emi iho i 30% o nā keʻena ākea, no laila ua kūpono i kaʻauʻauʻana. ʻO ka hopena, heʻano liʻiliʻi maikaʻi o ka lepo me ka oxygen a me ka wai, i mea nui no ka uluʻana o nā mea kanu.

Kūlana

Ke hōʻikeʻia nā'ōmole Sod-podzolic ma muli o nā hana sodoma a me podzolic ma lalo o nā ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau, me ka nānāʻana i ke kahe wai.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā'ōpiopio pono'ī i loko o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā meaʻai, nā humus, nā kumu a me keʻano o kahi hale wai kūpaʻa i lalo o ka hopena o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hopena o kēia ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi papahana humus-accumulative.

E aʻo i keʻano o ka humus e hanaʻia a me ka maikaʻi o ka lepo.

Eia kekahi,ʻo ka nui o ka humus ma kēia mau'āina e hoʻoholo i ka māmā haʻahaʻa o ka'ōlohelohe luna,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o ka porosity ma mua o nāʻano podzolic. Ma keʻano laulā, uaʻikeʻia kēia lepo ma muli o ka ulu maoliʻana o ka'āina a ulu nui ma waena o ka'āina māla o ka'āpana wao.

Hiki mākou iāʻoe eʻike i keʻano o kona manaʻo a pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka momona o ka lepo.

Aia nāʻaoʻao o kēia lepo iʻekolu papahana nui:

  1. ʻO ka paepae sodoku o luna he 5cm.
  2. ʻO ka humus layer kahi 20 cm.
  3. ʻO ke kūlana podzol.
E like me ka humus concentration, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kēia mau'āina i low-humus (a hiki i 3%), medium-humus (3-5%) a kiʻekiʻe-humus (ʻoi aku ma mua o 5%). E like me keʻano o keʻano, he palupalu podzolic lākou (kahi'ē aʻe ke kolu o ka papa, aia wale nā ​​wahi keʻokeʻo), podzolic podium (kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kapuaʻi he 10 knm), ikaika podzolic (10-20 cm) a me keʻano podzolic (ʻoi aʻe ma mua o 20 cm).

Nā mea kanu a me keʻano hoʻohālike

ʻO nā'ōmole Sod-Podzolic e hōʻike ana i ka liʻiliʻi iki o ka papa sodoma, kahi hapa i ho'ēmiʻia i loko o nā mea pale kau, hoʻonui pono i ka silica a me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o ke ākea. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka wai o ka hydrogen e kūʻai aku ai, e lilo i waikawa a wai ikaika paha (pH mai 3.3 a 5.5) a pono e hoʻonuiʻia.

Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO Quicksand kekahi o nā wahiʻino loa ma ka honua. He lepo one maloʻo lākou, kahi kumu nui o ka wai. Ke hele nei ma luna o ke one. ʻO ka hopena,ʻaʻole e hele loa ka mea i komo i ke one, akā naʻe ma muli o ka ikaika ikaika o ka one one, hikiʻole ke puka aku me kaʻole kōkua.

ʻO ka huiʻana o ka mineral ma muli o nā pōhaku e hana ana i ka lepo a aneane like me nāʻano podzolic. Hōʻikeʻia kaʻaha i ka calcium (Ca), ka magnesium (Mg), ka hydrogen (H) a me ke alumini (Al), a ma muli o ka alumini a me ke hydrogen e hoʻonui i ka hapanui o nā kumu,ʻo ka hapaha ma luna o nā papa luna iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 50%. ʻO keʻano o nāʻano sodoma-podzolicʻO ka mea hou,ʻo nāʻano sodoma-podzolic keʻanoʻia e nā liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa o ka'ōpona a me ka meaola. Ua hoʻemi nuiʻia ka nui o humus me ka hohonu a ma nāʻano loamy 3-6%, a ma ke one a me ke one he 1.5-3%.

Inā hoʻohālike mākou i nā lepo sodopetolic me nā lepo podzolic, a laila hiki iā mākou keʻike i ko lākou kahawai wai nui, i ka manawa heʻoi aku ka'ōlelo a me ka papa luna i hoʻopihaʻia me humus. No laila, ma ka hoʻolālāʻana i kaʻoihana mahiʻai, nāʻano sodoku podzolic e hōʻike i ka momona nui.

He mea nui! ʻO ka hana paʻa o ka lepo eʻano nui loa ia ma kaʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi laʻana, ka lepo o ka Middle Urals he mea nui ka calcium, potassium, magnesium a me ka hao e like me ka hapa nui o Rusia.

Pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka uluʻana

ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā lepo Sod-podzolic, i hoʻoholoʻia e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o humus, ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o ka mineral momona, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka'eneki kiʻekiʻe. Akā, no ka nui o ka māhele o ka'āina, ua ulu ka pilikia ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i kā lākou momona i mea e loaʻa ai kaʻohi maikaʻi.

VIDEO: KA HANA E HOʻOPIʻI AI I KE AHA HULA I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nāʻano o ka lepo, me ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea ulu lāʻau, he nui nā hana'ē aʻe e pono ai. No ka hoʻomakaʻana, e hoʻemiʻia ka'eneka o ka lepo ma ka ho'ēmi. ʻO ka hopena o ka lime ke heluʻia ma muli o ka waikiki mua o ka'āina a me nāʻano hua o ka mea kanu i hoʻolālāʻia. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomohu i kahi hopena o ka lime hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia mau makahikiʻehā a aia wale nō ma lalo o kēlā mau mea kanu e kūpono i ia, e like me ke kukama, a me ke kāpena.

Eʻike pahaʻoe he mea pono eʻike i keʻano o ka wai'eneʻalu a me ka hopena o nā mea kanu, inā paha e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka waiʻona i kona iho pono'ī, pehea e hoʻohemo ai i ka lepo.

Ma nāʻano lepo, he nui kaʻaila o ka meaola, phosphorus a me ka pālolo pāpila. A ināʻoe e noʻonoʻo e ulu, ma keʻano, he kalo, pono e hoʻonuiʻia ka'āina me ka boron a me ka manganese. Hoʻopili i ka lepo I ka hanaʻana i kahi papaʻawaʻawa, pono e hoʻomanaʻoʻia heʻano liʻiliʻi ka'āpana momona, a, i ka hohonuʻana o ka nui, hikiʻole ke hoʻohuiʻia me ka horizon podzolic, akā e hāpai i luna. No laila, ponoʻoe e hele mālie me ke akahele, e hui pū me ka maikaʻi o ka lepo.

ʻO ka palaoa a me ka lehu o Dolomite, he mau meaʻala maikaʻi loa o ka lepo.

Mālama ka mālamaʻana a me ka hoʻokōʻana i nā mea kūpono e hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, e ho'ēmi i ka papa podzolic ae lawe mai i nā hua kūpono i keʻano o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi.